CN110771363A - Method for repairing alternanthera philoxeroides invasive plant community structure of grass sea wetland - Google Patents
Method for repairing alternanthera philoxeroides invasive plant community structure of grass sea wetland Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring a plant community structure of an alternanthera philoxeroides invasion site of a grass sea wetland, and particularly relates to the field of treatment of the grass sea wetland, wherein the restoration method specifically is a method for replacing an external invasive plant by a local plant with economic or ecological value according to the law of plant community succession, and native species including allium fistulosum, rhizoma scirpureae, zizania latifolia, cyperus rotundus and Leersia hexandra naturally distributed in the grass sea lake are selected as substitute species, and the specific community construction method is as follows: s1, constructing a plant community in the swelling eliminating area, and selecting a Cyperus esculentus community and a Leersia hexandra community to carry out grid planting; s2, constructing a plant community in a shallow water area, and selecting a allium mongolicum community and scirpus community band for planting; s3, selecting a water bamboo community stripe for planting in the deep water plant community structure. The method can effectively inhibit the invasion of the alternanthera philoxeroides, recover the variety of the swamp plant colony species and ensure the stability of the wetland ecosystem and the ecological safety of the grass sea wetland aiming at planting different plants in water areas with different depths.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of treatment of grass sea wetlands, in particular to a method for repairing a alternanthera philoxeroides invasive plant community structure of a grass sea wetland.
Background
The natural protection area of the grass sea national level is located in the northwest of the Guizhou province, is the largest fresh water natural wetland lake of the Guizhou province, is also the main overwintering habitat of the first-level protection birds black neck cranes (Grus nigrollis) and a plurality of rare water birds in China, and has the characteristic of a typical plateau karst wetland ecosystem; the alligator Alternanthera (Alternanthera philoxeroides) has an invasion trend in grassland surrounding lake swelling areas, navigation channels, wharfs and other places, so that the diversity of species in wetland plant colonies is reduced, the stability of a wetland ecosystem is damaged, and the ecological safety of the grassland wetland is seriously threatened.
The species of the plants in the grassland wetland, the middle and the downstream of the alternanthera philoxeroides invasion site have different composition structural characteristics, the species of the gramineous plants in the upstream of the grassland invasion site with different intensities account for higher proportion (28.57 percent and 60.00 percent) in the compositions of the species of the light and medium invasion site, and account for the same proportion (20.00 percent) with the species of other plants in the heavy invasion site; the percentage of Cyperaceae plant species decreases with increasing invasion intensity (20.00%, 28.57%, 20.00%); the proportion of Alternanthera philoxeroides of Amaranthaceae increases with the increase of the invasion intensity (14.29%, 20.00%); the ratio of the plant colony emerging species number to the total species number generally decreases with the increase of the invasion intensity (46.67%, 33.33%). In the midstream land invaded by different intensities, the proportion of the gramineous plant species is increased along with the increase of the invasion intensity (25.00 percent, 40.00 percent and 50.00 percent); the percentage of nutgrass flatsedge species decreases with the increase of the invasion intensity (50.00%, 40.00%, 25.00%); the proportion of alligator alternanthera, the number of the plants and the proportion of the total species are all not obvious. In the downstream different-strength invasion ground, the proportion of gramineae and cyperaceae plant species and invasive species alligator alternanthera is generally increased along with the increase of the invasion strength; the ratio of the plant colony emerging species number to the total species number generally decreases with the increase of the invasion intensity. The result shows that the alternanthera philoxeroides has little influence on gramineae and cyperaceae plants invading the soil.
However, at present, no method for effectively repairing the structure of the tracery phytocoenosis exists for the tracery phytocoenosis invaded by the alternanthera philoxeroides.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for restoring a grassy sea wetland alternanthera philoxeroides invasive plant community structure, which can effectively inhibit the invasion of alternanthera philoxeroides, recover the diversity of species of wetland plant communities and ensure the stability of wetland ecosystem and the ecological safety of grassy sea wetland by planting different plants in different water areas with different depths according to plant production characteristics.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for restoring a plant community structure of an alternanthera philoxeroides invasion site of a grass sea wetland is characterized in that local plants with economic or ecological values are used for replacing external invasive plants according to the law of plant community succession, and native species such as allium fistulosum, scirpus yagara, zizania latifolia, cyperus alternifolius and Leersia hexandra naturally distributed in the grass sea lake are selected as substitute species, and the specific community construction method is as follows:
s1, constructing a plant community in the swelling eliminating area: selecting a cyperus esculentus community and a Leersia hexandra community, and planting in a grid mode in the range of a lake water swelling area, namely an area where water is not submerged by lake water for more than half a year;
s2, constructing a plant community in the shallow water area: selecting a water onion community and a scirpus community, and planting by adopting strips in a shallow water area range, namely an area with the water depth less than 0.6 m;
s3, constructing a plant community in the deep water area: and (4) selecting a cane shoot community, and planting the cane shoot community in a deep water area, namely an area with the water depth of less than 1m by adopting strips.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the content of Cyperus rotundus and Leersia hexandra swartz in the zone of the swelling eliminating zone is 55-65 strains/m
2Planting at the same density.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, when the cyperus alternifolius community and the leersia hexandra community are planted in a grid manner, the cyperus alternifolius community and the leersia hexandra community are planted in a mutually perpendicular and crossed distribution manner.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, when the cyperus esculentus community and the leersia hexandra community are planted in a grid manner, the grid spacing is 100cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S2, the population of Scirpus validus and the population of Scirpus yagara in the shallow water are 25-35 plants/m
2Planting at the same density.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, when the scirpus alligatus and scirpus negundo are planted in the stripe, the scirpus alligatus and scirpus negundo are evenly distributed in parallel and alternately planted.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, when the scirpus alligatus and scirpus negundo are planted by using the strips, the distance between the strips is 100cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the population of zizania latifolia in the deep water area is 25-35 zizania latifolia/m
2Planting at the same density.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S3, when the cane shoot colony is planted by using strips, the distance between the strips is 100cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. according to the method, the cyperus alternifolius community and the Leersia hexandra community are selected to be planted in a grid mode in the swelling eliminating area, the allium oenanthera community and the Scirpus yagara community are selected to be planted in a shallow water area, the zizania latifolia community and the Zingiber zerumbet community are selected to be planted in a deep water area, different plants are planted in different water areas according to plant production characteristics, the alternanthera philoxeroides can be effectively inhibited from invading, the diversity of the plant community falling objects of the wetland is recovered, the stability of a wetland ecosystem and the ecological safety of the grass sea wetland are guaranteed, the plant community falling objects of the grass sea wetland in different water areas are carried out, and the problem that the inhibition effect of the alternanthera philox;
2. according to the practical situation of the grass sea, the invention further consolidates the manual control result by adopting a substitution control mode, local plants with economic or ecological values are used for substituting the allium alternatum according to the self rule of the plant community succession, and the substitute species are selected from native species such as allium fistulosum, scirpus yagara, zizania latifolia, cyperus esculentus and Leersia hexandra naturally distributed in the grass sea lake, so that the ecological control can be effectively carried out on the allium alternatum.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the planting depth in different water areas of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a plant community in a swelling zone of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the plant community in shallow water according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a plant community in a deep water region according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
according to the method for restoring the plant community structure of the alternanthera philoxeroides invasion site in the grassy sea wetland, which is shown in the figure 1, the restoration method specifically is a method for replacing an external invasion plant with a local plant with economic or ecological value according to the self rule of plant community succession, and the substitute species are selected from native species including allium fistulosum, scirpus yagara, zizania latifolia, cyperus rotundus and Leersia hexandra naturally distributed in the grassy sea lake, and the specific community construction method is as follows:
s1, constructing a plant community in the swelling eliminating area: selecting Cyperus esculentus communities and Leersia hexandra Swartz communities, and planting in a grid mode (as shown in figure 2) in the lake water swelling area range, namely the area where the water body is not submerged by the lake water for more than half a year, wherein the grid spacing is 100cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm; and the chufa community and the Leersia hexandra community in the swelling eliminating area range are 55 plants/m
2The density of planting, in addition, when the grid type planting is adopted, the Megacephalus chinensis community and the Lee's syndromeThe grain communities are mutually vertically and crossly distributed and planted;
s2, constructing a plant community in the shallow water area: selecting Scirpus tabernaemontani colony and Scirpus yagara colony, planting in shallow water region (water depth less than 0.6 m) with strips at a distance of 100cm and a plant spacing of 20cm, and planting at a rate of 25 plants/m in shallow water region
2When stripe planting is adopted, the allium fistulosum community and the scirpus yagara community are uniformly distributed in parallel and are planted alternately;
s3, constructing a plant community in the deep water area: selecting caulis Zizaniae Caduciflorae community, planting in deep water area (water depth less than 1 m) with strips (as shown in figure 4), spacing of strips is 100cm, plant spacing is 20cm, and caulis Zizaniae Caduciflorae community in deep water area is 25 plants/m
2Planting at the same density.
Example 2:
according to the method for restoring the plant community structure of the alternanthera philoxeroides invasion site in the grassy sea wetland, which is shown in the figure 1, the restoration method specifically is a method for replacing an external invasion plant with a local plant with economic or ecological value according to the self rule of plant community succession, and the substitute species are selected from native species including allium fistulosum, scirpus yagara, zizania latifolia, cyperus rotundus and Leersia hexandra naturally distributed in the grassy sea lake, and the specific community construction method is as follows:
s1, constructing a plant community in the swelling eliminating area: selecting Cyperus esculentus communities and Leersia hexandra Swartz communities, and planting in a grid mode (as shown in figure 2) in the lake water swelling area range, namely the area where the water body is not submerged by the lake water for more than half a year, wherein the grid spacing is 100cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm; in addition, the chufa community and the Leersia hexandra community in the swelling eliminating area range are 60 strains/m
2In addition, when the grid type planting is adopted, the cyperus alternifolius community and the Leersia hexandra community are mutually vertically and crossly distributed and planted;
s2, constructing a plant community in the shallow water area: selecting water onion colony and scirpus yagara colony, planting in shallow water region (water depth less than 0.6 m) with strips at a distance of 100cm and a plant spacing of 20cm, and planting in shallow water region with water onion colony and scirpus yagara colony of 30 plants/m
2Is close toModerately planting, wherein when strip planting is adopted, the allium mongolicum community and the scirpus community are uniformly distributed in parallel and are planted alternately;
s3, constructing a plant community in the deep water area: selecting caulis Zizaniae Caduciflorae community, planting in deep water area (water depth less than 1 m) with strips (as shown in figure 4), spacing of strips is 100cm, plant spacing is 20cm, and caulis Zizaniae Caduciflorae community in deep water area is 30 plants/m
2Planting at the same density.
Example 3:
according to the method for restoring the plant community structure of the alternanthera philoxeroides invasion site in the grassy sea wetland, which is shown in the figure 1, the restoration method specifically is a method for replacing an external invasion plant with a local plant with economic or ecological value according to the self rule of plant community succession, and the substitute species are selected from native species including allium fistulosum, scirpus yagara, zizania latifolia, cyperus rotundus and Leersia hexandra naturally distributed in the grassy sea lake, and the specific community construction method is as follows:
s1, constructing a plant community in the swelling eliminating area: selecting Cyperus esculentus communities and Leersia hexandra Swartz communities, and planting in a grid mode (as shown in figure 2) in the lake water swelling area range, namely the area where the water body is not submerged by the lake water for more than half a year, wherein the grid spacing is 100cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm; and the chufa community and the Leersia hexandra community in the swelling eliminating area range are 65 plants/m
2In addition, when the grid type planting is adopted, the cyperus alternifolius community and the Leersia hexandra community are mutually vertically and crossly distributed and planted;
s2, constructing a plant community in the shallow water area: selecting Scirpus tabernaemontani colony and Scirpus yagara colony, planting in shallow water region (water depth less than 0.6 m) with strips at a distance of 100cm and a plant spacing of 20cm, and planting at a rate of 35 plants/m in shallow water region
2When stripe planting is adopted, the allium fistulosum community and the scirpus yagara community are uniformly distributed in parallel and are planted alternately;
s3, constructing a plant community in the deep water area: selecting caulis Zizaniae Caduciflorae community, planting in deep water area (water depth less than 1 m) with strips at a distance of 100cm and plant spacing of 20cm, and planting in deep water areaThe wild rice stem community accounts for 35 plants/m
2Planting at the same density.
Example 4:
the treatment methods in the above examples 1-3 were respectively used to perform experiments in the open-air lotus seed-invading grassy sea wetland, 10 areas were planted respectively at the upper, middle and lower reaches in each example, the area of each area was 5 × 5m, the planting situation was observed every three days in the previous month and every three days in the latter two months within 3 months, and the following data were obtained:
as can be seen from the above table, the planting density in example 2 is moderate, the invasive strength of the alternanthera philoxeroides at the upstream and downstream is reduced fastest, and the used seed amount is moderate, so that the planting cost is not high, and the anti-invasive function is good.
According to the invention, different plants are planted in different water areas according to plant production characteristics, the invasion of alternanthera philoxeroides can be effectively inhibited, the variety of swamp plant colony species is recovered, and the stability of a wetland ecosystem and the ecological safety of a grass sea wetland are ensured.
The points to be finally explained are: first, in the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly, and may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or a communication between two elements, and may be a direct connection, and "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate a relative positional relationship, and when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed, the relative positional relationship may be changed;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: in the drawings of the disclosed embodiments of the invention, only the structures related to the disclosed embodiments are referred to, other structures can refer to common designs, and the same embodiment and different embodiments of the invention can be combined with each other without conflict;
and finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for restoring a plant community structure of an alternanthera philoxeroides invasion site of a grassy sea wetland is characterized in that the restoration method specifically comprises the step of replacing an external invasive plant with a local plant with economic or ecological value according to the self rule of plant community succession, and the substitute species are selected from native species including allium fistulosum, rhizoma scirpaenae, zizania latifolia, cyperus rotundus and Leersia hexandra naturally distributed in the grassy sea lake, and the specific community construction method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a plant community in the swelling eliminating area: selecting a cyperus esculentus community and a Leersia hexandra community, and planting in a grid mode in the range of a lake water swelling area, namely an area where water is not submerged by lake water for more than half a year;
s2, constructing a plant community in the shallow water area: selecting a water onion community and a scirpus community, and planting by adopting strips in a shallow water area range, namely an area with the water depth less than 0.6 m;
s3, constructing a plant community in the deep water area: and (4) selecting a cane shoot community, and planting the cane shoot community in a deep water area, namely an area with the water depth of less than 1m by adopting strips.
2. The method for repairing the structure of the alternanthera philoxeroides invading grassland wetland plant community of the grass sea wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the chufa community and the Leersia hexandra community in the swelling eliminating area range are 55-65 strains/m
2Planting at the same density.
3. The method for repairing the structure of the alternanthera philoxeroides invading grassland wetland plant community of the grass sea wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, when the Cyperus rotundus community and the Leersia hexandra community are planted in a grid mode, the Cyperus rotundus community and the Leersia hexandra community are mutually vertically and crossly distributed for planting.
4. The method for repairing the structure of the alternanthera philoxeroides invading grassland wetland plant community of the grass sea wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, when the Cyperus esculentus community and the Leersia hexandra community are planted in a grid mode, the grid distance is 100cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm.
5. The method for repairing the structure of the alternanthera philoxeroides invading grassland wetland plant community of the grass sea wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, the water onion community and the scirpus yagara community in the shallow water area are 25-35 plants/m
2Planting at the same density.
6. The method for repairing the structure of the alternanthera philoxeroides invading grassland wetland plant community of the grass sea wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, when the scion colonies and the scion colonies are planted in the strips, the scion colonies and the scion colonies are evenly distributed in parallel and alternately planted.
7. The method for repairing the structure of the alternanthera philoxeroides invading grassland wetland plant community of the grass sea wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, when the scirpus alligatus community and the scirpus negundo community are planted by using the strips, the distance between the strips is 100cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm.
8. The method for repairing the structure of the alternanthera philoxeroides invading grassland wetland plant community of the grass sea wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, the water bamboo community in the deep water area is 25-35 per meter
2Planting at the same density.
9. The method for repairing the structure of the alternanthera philoxeroides invading grassland wetland plant community of the grass sea wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, when the cane shoot communities are planted by adopting the strips, the distance between the strips is 100cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm.
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| CN114145193A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-08 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | Method for comprehensively preventing and treating exotic species alternanthera philoxeroides |
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Application publication date: 20200211 |