CN1872802A - Eluate for compost of domestic waste of city, preprtion method and application - Google Patents
Eluate for compost of domestic waste of city, preprtion method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention relates to a method for manufacturing washing solution from domestic waste compost. The method comprises: (1) pulverizing domestic waste compost, sieving with a 2 mm sieve, and collecting the powder; (2) mixing with water at a wt. ratio of 1 :( 1-3), stirring, soaking at room temperature for 24-48 h, and filtering to obtain the final product. The washing solution can be used as the nutrition solution for sod soilless culture. The method can reduce the pollution caused by heavy metals in domestic waste compost, and lower the cost of sod soilless culture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing and the application of producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life, particularly a kind of producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life leacheate and its production and application.
The technical field that heavy metal reparation and turf establishment intersect.The application of technological invention is not only polluted heavy metal from consumer garbage compost and is repaired, realizes that safe and effective utilization plays a role, and also can utilize the compost leacheate simultaneously, reaches and cultivates the carpet turf, saves soil resource, is the purpose of urban afforestation service.
Background technology
Since the nineties in 20th century, China's domestic waste every year is with the speed increment of 8%-10%.According to the data that the Ministry of Science and Technology provides, National urban rubbish storage has reached 6,000,000,000 tons now, causes the whole nation to have 2/3 peri-urban to form a large amount of garbage mountains.Show around Beijing more than 7000 of garbage mountain arranged approximately according to pertinent data, wherein, the garbage mountain of diameter more than 50 meters has more than 5000.The stacking of rubbish has covered a large amount of soils, has occupied the farmland, and Beijing is covered more than 8000 mu by rubbish, and expecting rubbish area coverage in 2010 also will increase by 2000 mu.In the 1260Km2 zone, urban district, Shanghai, area is at 50m
2Nearly 2000 of above garbage mountain takes up an area of 7889 mu.600m is taken up an area of in the Section of Outer Ring Line both sides of Tianjin
2Above garbage mountain has 117 places approximately; Take up an area of 300m
2To 600m
2Garbage mountain 289 places are arranged, the soil that is covered by garbage mountain reaches 3870 mu.According to incompletely statistics, the land area of the present shared pressure of National urban dumping is up to 500,000,000 m
2
The pollution that domestic waste the causes serious environmental problems that become international makes waste reductionization and recycling be subjected to the common concern of international community.Garbage compost is an important channel of domestic waste minimizing and recycling, both at home and abroad this is paid close attention.In in the past 20 years, garbage compost is applied the farmland as fertilizer both at home and abroad, it is comparatively general to carry out agriculture production.In the last few years, the heavy metal toxicity effect problem had been subjected to great attention, made people recognize such environmental safety problem: if garbage compost is agricultural, the plurality of heavy metal that contains in the domestic refuse then, can enrichment in crop, and by the food chain enrichment, final harm humans health.
Especially it should be noted that in China: along with expanding economy, people's the small household appliances and the owning amount of mobile communications tool and usage quantity sharply rise, and it is scrapped the back overwhelming majority and sneaks into domestic refuse.According to statistics, only Tianjin consumed all kinds of batteries in every month and estimates to be not less than 2,000,000 pieces, and these batteries also major part sneak into domestic refuse and be dropped.In view of these reasons, the heavy metal problem is particularly outstanding in China's domestic waste, and soil and underground water are caused severe contamination.
By the heavy metal content in Hebei, Tianjin and the huge port two district's garbage composts is studied, the result is consistent with above-mentioned conclusion: content wherein: Mn is respectively 53.06 and 22.20 times of soil, Ni is respectively 66.80 and 18.40 times of soil, Cu is respectively 795.67 and 59.33 times of soil, Zn is respectively 551.56 and 194.44 times of soil, and Pb is respectively 573.67 times and 50.00 times of soil.In addition, the concentration of Cd and Cr also is 197.00 and 389.93 times of environment I class standard.As seen, in the garbage compost contents of heavy metal elements all far above soil.
In sum, the heavy-metal composite pollution problem in the domestic refuse is one of agricultural maximum restraining factors of garbage compost.Garbage compost enterprise gets down from horse one after another now, and a large amount of garbage composts are left unused, the awkward condition as the Tianjin Xiao Dian consumer garbage compost factory that introduces Germany technology just is in.Therefore, research can not only be regenerated China's garbage compost industry to the urban house refuse compost heavy-metal composite pollution recovery technique, realize domestic waste minimizing, resource utilization, the biological restoration of the heavy metal pollution of soil that dumping causes to peri-urban also has directive significance simultaneously.
Relevant to the existing wide coverage of heavy metal contamination reparation research.Polluting the drip washing repairing method is a process of removing pollutent from contaminated soil, mud, settling.Drip-rinsing process is physics and chemical process, can realize the innoxious transformation of separation decrement, isolation and the pollutent of some pollutent.Drip-rinsing process is the technology of a rising and economically viable repairing polluted soil.At present, the existing comparatively elaborate report of drip-rinsing process restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.Utilize drip-rinsing process to repair consumer garbage compost research and also still do not have bibliographical information.
On the other hand, organotrophy constituent contents such as C, H, O, N are abundant in the consumer garbage compost, can satisfy the demand of plant-growth fully.But China's disposal of garbage is difficult to carry out the effective sorting in source, and battery and all kinds of heavy metals etc. mixes wherein, makes the agricultural heavy metal that will cause of garbage compost enter food chain and enrichment by the production of grain, fruit and vegetables etc., finally jeopardizes human beings'health.In addition, China's sod culture destroys the arable land, waste soil phenomenon is comparatively general.Therefore, carry out turf production with promptly substituting soil, not only avoid heavy metal to enter the food chain enrichment, saved valuable soil resource again with garbage compost; And the existing report of this research.
But it is pointed out that in the drip washing of heavy metal from consumer garbage compost combined pollution is repaired,, then to be the pollution that must cause environment if leacheate is discharged in the environment.Leacheate contains abundant nutritive substance that plant-growth is learned, and for this reason, if it can be reclaimed as soilless culture nutrient fluid, carries out sod culture, then is undoubtedly a good approach.On the other hand, cultivation technique without soil developed very fast in recent years, had been widely applied to the agricultural cultivation every field, and the application in turf production still is in the research exploratory stage.For these reasons, test is further studied leacheate and is not had native nutritive medium technology as sod culture on the drip washing reparation garbage compost heavy metal basis preliminary the trial, can be and utilizes the recycling of garbage compost drip washing reparation and leacheate to open up new way.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life leacheate and its production and application.It is the eluviation by water, reaches producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life heavy metal content reduction effect.In addition, its leacheate plant that contains the abundant nutrition material carries out sod culture as soilless culture nutrient fluid, can reach saving soil resource, is the purpose of urban afforestation service.Therefore, the present invention use can not only highly effective reparation compost rubbish in heavy metal contamination, realize the domestic waste resource utilization, regenerate the garbage compost industry, and urban lawn planting mode opened up a new way.
It is under the normal temperature consumer garbage compost to be soaked in water that the present invention proposes a kind of producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life leacheate, fully stirs the liquid that after-filtration obtains.
The preparation method of the producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life leacheate that the present invention proposes comprises the steps:
1) consumer garbage compost is rejected plastic film, Fibre Bag, relatively large each metalloid, glasswork and brick and tile stone waste, pulverize, cross the 2mm sieve, collect screen underflow, seal standby respectively with plastics bag.
2) consumer garbage compost weight and water weight ratio are: 1: 1-3; After the stirring, soak 24-48h under the room temperature, filter, the leacheate of gained is the compost leacheate, places in the shading container and preserves.No earth culture in order to turf is planted.
With the compost leacheate can be directly as the nutritive medium of lawn plant soilless culture.
Producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life leacheate provided by the invention comprises the steps: as the using method of the nutritive medium of lawn plant soilless culture
1) the producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life leacheate of preparation 60-80% weight concentration;
2) select lawn plant (as rye grass, Lolium perenne L. and Festuca Arundinacea, Festuca arundinacea L.), carry out turf soilless culture experiment; Carry out in the illumination box, use the medical tray of 24cm * 18cm, high 3cm, bottom is spread into the clean fine sand of the thick elutriation of 0.5cm, on fill up one deck aperture be the nylon net bag of 0.5cm as lapping, spread a medicated napkin more in the above, purpose is to make kind of bed smooth.
3) thickness of sowing is 85.2g/m
2, after planting irritate permeable at once, to water an amount of water every day and guarantee normal seed germination, after 1 week, seed germination is stable, waters once isopyknic leacheate 40mL every day respectively, finishes until experiment.
During 4) from the pouring leacheate, measured a plant height in per 5 days, cradled in after planting the 30th day, the height for the stubble left is 3cm, measures ground biomass and chlorophyll content, and the 2nd flush with ground cradles after after this 30 days, measures ground, underground biomass and chlorophyll content respectively.
The present invention not only pollutes heavy metal from consumer garbage compost and repairs, realizes that the safe and effective utilization of garbage compost plays a role; also can there be the nutritive medium that earth culture is planted as turf to utilizing the compost leacheate; reduce the turf production cost; and help protecting farmland, be an economically viable turf production approach.As seen, the present invention can widen the reparation approach of garbage compost heavy metal, regenerates the garbage compost industry, realizes more effectively recycling, and reaches and save the purpose that soil resource and sod culture do not have soilization and serve for urban afforestation.
Description of drawings:
It is dynamic that the different leacheates of Fig. 1 are cultivated the rye grass plant height.
The different leacheates of Fig. 2 are cultivated the dynamic change of Festuca Arundinacea plant height.
The chlorophyll content (left 4 column type figure are one batch of haystack chlorophyll content, and right 4 column type figure are regrowth hair haystack chlorophyll content) of one batch of grass and eldish in Fig. 3 Festuca Arundinacea and the rye grass.
Fig. 4 Festuca Arundinacea turf overground part plant-growth situation (left side is the compost leacheate, and the right side is soil leacheate ground).
Fig. 5 rye grass turf overground part plant-growth situation (left side is the compost leacheate, and the right side is soil leacheate ground).
Fig. 6 Festuca Arundinacea turf plant root growth situation (left side is the compost leacheate, and the right side is soil leacheate ground).
Fig. 7 rye grass turf plant root growth situation (left side is the compost leacheate, and the right side is soil leacheate ground).
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
Producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life is taken from refuse tip, huge port, Tianjin, and garbage compost fully becomes thoroughly decomposed.Garbage compost is rejected plastic film, Fibre Bag, relatively large each metalloid, glasswork and brick and tile stone the like waste then, and it is pulverized, and sieves behind the uniform mixing, crosses the 2mm sieve and collects screen underflow, seals with plastics bag respectively, and it is standby to annotate the name label.The contrast loam is taken from the Nan Yuan of Tianjin Normal University, and the preparation method is the same.
The mensuration of saturation moisture capacity, in consumer garbage compost drip washing, compost and moisture ratio are appraised and decided foundation are provided.Take by weighing each 10g of rubbish sample, put into the funnel that has filter paper, slowly drop in equably on the compost in the funnel with distilled water then, till first solution that drips, and collect solution with graduated cylinder in funnel, experiment is to repeat for 3 times.Saturation moisture capacity calculates with following formula: saturation moisture capacity=moisture splashes into the moisture total amount/compost sample weight of total amount on the compost sample-leak out from the compost sample.
Adopt the ICP-AES analytical technology, measure the content of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mo, B, P, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and 16 kinds of elements of Pb in garbage compost and the leacheate, for the utilization of sod culture nutritive medium provides foundation.
Take by weighing each 150g of compost and loam, add the 300mL deionized water, normal temperature fully stirs the back and soaks 24h.Filter with qualitative filter paper.The gained leacheate is placed in the brown bottle, and is standby in 4 ℃ of refrigerations.Adopt the ICP-AES analytical technology, measure the content of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mo, B, P, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and 16 kinds of elements of Pb in garbage compost leacheate and the soil leacheate, its content sees Table 1.Lawn plant is selected rye grass (LoliumperenneL.) for use, Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca arundinacea L.).
The heavy metal of table 1 garbage compost and loam leacheate and mineral element content (mgL
-1)
)
| Element | The garbage compost leacheate | The soil leacheate |
| K Na Ca Mg Fe Mn Cu Zn Pb Cd Mo Cr Co | 217.7 689.8 791.7 190.1 0.182 0.049 0.190 0.105 0.176 0.008 0.079 0.049 0.048 | 25.9 122.6 217.0 84.3 0.55 0.367 0.037 0.377 0.254 0.006 0.028 - 0.007 |
The turf soilless culture method is: take by weighing the compost and the loam of q.s, add the water of 2 times of weight respectively, fully stir the back and soak 24h, and filter with qualitative filter paper.Sprout in the experiment in early stage, tentatively obtain rye grass and the suitable consumer garbage compost eluent concentration of growth of Festuca elata are respectively 80% and 60% of former eluent concentration.Experiment is carried out in illumination box, use the medical tray of 24cm * 18cm, high 3cm, bottom is spread into the clean fine sand of the thick elutriation of 0.5cm, on to fill up one deck aperture be that the waste nylon net bag of 0.5cm is as lapping, spread a discarded medicated napkin more in the above, purpose is to make kind of bed smooth.Thickness of sowing is 85.2g/m
2, after planting irritate permeable at once, water an amount of water later every day and guarantee normal seed germination.After 1 week, seed germination is stable, the treatment stage of entering experiment.Compost leacheate and two processing of soil leacheate (contrast) are established in experiment, 3 repetitions.Water once isopyknic leacheate 40mL every day respectively, finish until experiment.
Index determining: from pouring during leacheate, in each dish, select the 5 strains mark of listing respectively, measured a plant height in per 5 days.Cradled in after planting the 30th day, the height for the stubble left is 3cm, measures ground biomass and chlorophyll content, and after this, plant recovers growth, and the 2nd flush with ground cradles after 30 days, measures ground, underground biomass and chlorophyll content respectively.Chlorophyll content is measured with ultraviolet-visible pectrophotometer (TU-1221).
The experimental result of embodiment 1 shows: as can be seen from Table 1, drip washing can make a large amount of heavy metals and mineral element drip washing get off, among a few heavy metal species Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, the Cr, the leacheate content of Mn, Cd, Cr is higher than soil, and Cu, Zn, Pb then are lower than soil.The drip washing concentration of mineral element K, Na, Ca, Mg, Mo and Co will be higher than soil far away; Therefore, the compost leacheate is had great advantage as the soilless culture nutrient fluid tool.Through the garbage compost of overcuring and screening have that loose, uniform particles, soluble ion content height, unit weight are less, characteristics such as ventilation and drainage performance are good, this makes it be more suitable for repairing with drip-rinsing process than soil.
In soilless culture test, two grass seeds ground and underground biomass see Table 2.Rye grass, one batch of careless fresh weight and dry weight be difference extremely significantly (P=0.008 and P=0.006) compared with the control; Eldish has only dry weight, and significant difference (P=0.033) is (Fig. 5) compared with the control.Festuca Arundinacea, (P=0.007, P=0.002), eldish fresh weight and dry weight be significant difference (P=0.034, P=0.005) (Fig. 4) compared with the control to have utmost point significant difference between one batch of careless fresh weight and dry weight and the contrast.As seen, compost leacheate culturing turf ground biomass will be apparently higher than the soil leacheate.
Underground biomass sees Table 2, and each plant of handling of leacheate is all not as good as contrast.Rye grass underground biomass fresh weight significantly is lower than contrast (P=0.015), and dry weight also is lower than contrast, but difference not significantly (Fig. 7).Difference between Festuca Arundinacea underground biomass dry weight and the contrast reaches extremely remarkable, and fresh weight difference is not remarkable.Illustrate that the compost leacheate has certain restraining effect (Fig. 6) to rye grass and Festuca Arundinacea underground biomass.But existing root system also can form the turf volume of dense structure with sand grains in the dish, does not influence its rolling performance.
The distribution pattern of ground and underground biomass is a valuable index to the lawn, and the increase of ground biomass quota more helps the raising of its Cheng Ping and ornamental value; From the physiology angle,, finally promote the quicker growth of plant because effectively photosynthetic area increased thereby can produce more photosynthate in the unit time.From root cap recently, using of compost leacheate obviously changed plant and the distribution pattern of underground biomass on the ground.The root/shoot ratio of the rye grass of compost treatment is lower than contrast, but difference not significantly (P=0.133).Festuca Arundinacea, its root/shoot ratio difference compared with the control reach extremely significantly (P=0.007).
Table 2 garbage compost leacheate is to the influence (g/ dish) of rye grass and growth of Festuca elata
| Index | Rye grass | Festuca Arundinacea | |||
| The soil leacheate | The compost leacheate | The soil leacheate | The compost leacheate | ||
| Ground biomass | One batch of careless dry weight eldish fresh weight eldish dry weight of one batch of careless fresh weight | 4.76±0.8 ** 0.80±0.13 ** 1.49±0.26 0.49±0.09 * | 10.48±0.83 1.76±0.12 2.32±0.30 0.85±0.07 | 6.75±0.70 ** 1.01±0.08 ** 1.89±0.19 * 0.56±0.05 * | 10.86±0.43 1.71±0.07 3.41±0.44 1.07±0.08 |
| Underground biomass | Root fresh weight root dry weight | 13.71±1.11 2.49±0.04 | 7.61±0.98 * 2.18±0.79 | 19.53±3.86 3.00±0.13 | 10.60±0.68 1.42±0.05 ** |
| Root/shoot ratio | 0.98±0.14 | 0.57±0.17 | 1.83±0.26 | 0.50±0.03 ** | |
*p＜0.05；
**p＜0.01
One batch of careless plant height is dynamically respectively handled growing way significantly better than contrast (Fig. 1,2).In preceding 15 days, two turfgrasss that the compost leacheate is handled all show more consistent growth tendency with contrast; Then 15 days, each plant height of handling rised appreciably.Before one batch of grass cradled, each rye grass plant height of handling is difference extremely significantly (P=0.008) compared with the control; Festuca Arundinacea difference also reaches conspicuous level (P=0.022).Eldish, the two grass seeds growing ways that the compost leacheate is cultivated are mild than one batch of grass, the period of significantly increasing do not occur.Before eldish cradled, the Testuca arundinacea height is significant difference (P=0.034) compared with the control; Rye grass, though the eldish plant is higher than contrast, difference is remarkable (P=0.229) not.In a word, each is handled one batch of careless growing way and is better than eldish.
In turf soilless culture experiment, the chlorophyll content of one batch of grass and eldish is seen Fig. 3.For one batch of grass, the two grass seeds chlorophyll contents that the garbage compost leacheate is handled compared with the control difference extremely significantly (P=0.001, P=0.002).Eldish, rye grass do not have significant difference (P=0.08) compared with the control, and Festuca Arundinacea significant difference (P=0.013) compared with the control.Show that compost leacheate effect aspect the raising chlorophyll content in leaf blades is remarkable, it acts on the turfgrass growth and promptly shows early stage.
The foregoing description shows: high density compost leacheate is postponed rye grass and tall fescue seed germinating time, and sprout time prolongs, and postpone on the germination peak, causes sprouting delay of progression, thereby, select the leacheate of suitable concentration most important to there not being native sod culture.The leacheate of high density (as former leacheate) is sprouted by turfgrass and growth table reveals stronger restraining effect.Compared with the control, 60% and 80% leacheate all can obviously improve chlorophyll content in rye grass and Festuca Arundinacea ground biomass and the blade, but the growth of root is produced stronger restraining effect.In growth in earlier stage, leacheate can obviously promote rye grass and the growth of Festuca Arundinacea ground biomass, and lawn density and cover degree obviously improve, and accelerate turf speed, but to the stronger restraining effect of underground biomass growth performance.Although up and down, lawn plant ground biomass distribution pattern changes, do not change the performance of turf performance.Leacheate can significantly improve chlorophyll content in the blade, and this helps turf can keep green preferably degree performance.From the comprehensive characteristics analysis, there is notable difference in different grass species to leacheate growth response, and Festuca Arundinacea is more suitable for growing in leacheate than rye grass, therefore, selects grass seeds preferably can help the performance of leacheate trophic function.
Compost contains a large amount of heavy metals, directly imposes on the farmland and can bring many harm.For this reason, the reparation of heavy metal is the prerequisite of its Secure Application in the compost.This experiment is repaired the compost heavy metal by direct drip washing, and reaches the ideal desired result.The compost leacheate is used for the turf soilless culture and has also obtained result preferably.Utilizing the nutritive medium of compost leacheate as the lawn soilless culture, can widen the reparation approach of garbage compost heavy metal, reduce the turf production cost, and help protecting farmland, is an economically viable turf production approach.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life leacheate is characterized in that it is under the normal temperature producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life to be soaked in water, and fully stirs and filter the liquid that obtains.
2, the preparation method of the described producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life leacheate of claim 1 is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
1) consumer garbage compost is rejected plastic film, Fibre Bag, relatively large each metalloid, glasswork and brick and tile stone waste, pulverize, cross the 2mm sieve, collect screen underflow, seal standby respectively with plastics bag;
2) consumer garbage compost weight and water weight ratio are: 1: 1-3; After the stirring, soak 24-48h under the room temperature, filter, the leacheate of gained is the compost leacheate, places in the shading container and preserves.
3, the application of the described producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life leacheate of claim 1 is characterized in that it is direct nutritive medium as the lawn plant soilless culture.
4, a kind of method of using the described producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life leacheate of claim 1 as the nutritive medium of lawn plant soilless culture is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
1) the producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life leacheate of water preparation 60-80% weight percent concentration;
2) select lawn plant, carrying out the turf soilless culture is to carry out in illumination box, uses the medical tray of 24cm * 18cm, high 3cm, and bottom is spread into the clean fine sand of the thick elutriation of 0.5cm, last pad one deck aperture be the nylon net bag of 0.5cm as lapping, spread a medicated napkin more in the above;
3) thickness of sowing is 85.2g/m
2, after planting irritate permeable at once, to water an amount of water every day and guarantee normal seed germination, after 1 week, seed germination is stable, waters once isopyknic leacheate 40mL every day respectively, finishes until experiment.
During 4) from the pouring leacheate, measured a plant height in per 5 days, cradled in after planting the 30th day, the height for the stubble left is 3cm, measures ground biomass and chlorophyll content, and the 2nd flush with ground cradles after after this 30 days, measures ground, underground biomass and chlorophyll content respectively.
5,, it is characterized in that described lawn plant is rye grass or Festuca Arundinacea according to the described method of claim 4.
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| EP1215956A1 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2002-06-26 | Henri Dinel | Organic fertilizer containing compost |
| JP4490529B2 (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2010-06-30 | 株式会社ばんけいリサイクルセンタ− | Recycling method of shellfish to soil calcium supplement for agriculture |
| DE102004003458A1 (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2005-03-10 | Iska Gmbh | Process and hybrid reactor for residual waste treatment |
| CN1458093A (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2003-11-26 | 王怀东 | Quick resourcelizing treating system and method by urine and extrement dirty mud microbiological fermentation |
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2006
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