CN102630471A - Method for restoring heavy metal in garbage compost by using impermeable layer - Google Patents
Method for restoring heavy metal in garbage compost by using impermeable layer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for restoring heavy metal in garbage compost by using an impermeable layer, comprising the following steps of: placing 500g of air-dried soil into a PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) pipe, arranging a barrier layer in the middle of the PVC pipe, and then, and flatly spreading 280g of air-dried garbage compost in the pipe, wherein the barrier layer includes three layers, i.e., a lower layer containing 20g of zeolite, an upper layer containing 20g of rice straw and a middle layer containing 40g of colloidal particles with the particle size of 2mm, egg shells or vermiculite. Experimental results show that the heavy metal in the compost, moving towards the soil on the lower layer, can be effectively reduced through arranging the barrier layer on a soil layer before the garbage compost is applied. The method for purifying the garbage compost or soil polluted by heavy metal by utilizing the cooperation of a chelating agent and phytoremediation and simultaneously adding the barrier layer is a new method and can be developed into a new technology with the cooperation of an environment-harmless chemical method and phytoremediation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to garbage compost in urban lawn build and plant technology Application for Field; Relate to and adopt the effect of elution method research temperature to heavy metal from consumer garbage compost migratory behaviour in soil, a kind of employing impervious barrier of more specifically saying so is repaired the thermoregulator method of garbage compost heavy metal.
Background technology
Containing organic nutrients such as abundant N, P in the garbage compost, is the efficient resource of aspects such as developing agricultural, vegetables, forest production, and garbage compost has good physicochemical property, abundant nutrient, is to substitute the more satisfactory material of soil as lawn matrix.So consumer garbage compost as lawn matrix, not only can be avoided food chain, solved the problem of outlet of rubbish simultaneously again.Populous in China, land resources is poor relatively, has more realistic meaning with garbage compost as lawn matrix.Though use the physicochemical property that garbage compost can improve soil, improve the yield and quality of agriculture and forestry product, improperly also can cause harmful effect if use to environment.Particularly the heavy metal problem is the topmost negative effect of garbage compost; Its application that content of beary metal has exceeded standard to a great extent limit; How to reduce the toxic effect of heavy metal pollution, improve and improve the research focus that composting technology and compost quality have become garbage compost.
(2005) such as many upright peaces utilize EDTA as chelating agent; Studied the enrichment of turfgrass perennial ryegrass and Festuca Arundinacea to heavy metal in the producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life; The result shows; Use behind the EDTA two kinds of turfgrasss that the enriching quantity of heavy metal all is significantly improved, and EDTA concentration preferably is controlled at 10-20 mmol/kg.Many upright peace (2010) results of study find that perennial ryegrass has very big application potential in the garbage compost of repairing heavy metal pollution; At the collaborative perennial ryegrass down of the EDTA multiple metal ion of enrichment simultaneously in portion's organ on the ground; And the perennial ryegrass growth is fast; Regeneration capacity is strong, can cradle repeatedly in 1 year.But because the compound that EDTA and EDTA and heavy metal chelating form has very strong dissolubility and bio-toxicity, and is difficult to by light, chemical substance and biological degradation, so cause environmental problems such as polluting deep soil and underground water possibly in soil.Therefore; We attempt on its research basis; Adopt different discarded objects to pass through heavy metal accumulation, drip washing and fixing research in the composting substrate seepage system of lawn as separation layer; Analyze the fixation of different separation layers to heavy metal, the potential risk of heavy metal drip washing migration and proposition prevent and treat method accordingly when more systematically inquiring into the reparation of EDTA fortification of plants.
Summary of the invention
The present invention combines the turfgrass Festuca Arundinacea with rainwater drip washing, it is down collaborative to have studied EDTA, and lawn and the influence of different separation layers to heavy metal accumulation and drip washing have verified that lawn seepage system intercepts the feasibility of heavy metal migration.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the invention discloses a kind of method that adopts impervious barrier to repair the garbage compost heavy metal, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) lawn matrix seepage System Design:
1) preparing diameter is 7.5 cm, and height is each 9 of the pvc pipes of 21 cm and 25 cm, and the nylon wire that all is fixed with diameter in the bottom of all pvc pipes and is 0.2 mm is with soil in the stay pipe and compost, and the below of pipe is furnished with the container that connects percolate;
2) air-dry soil 500 g are placed pvc pipe, the layer of placing obstacles between wherein, the garbage compost after air-dry is tiled in the pipe with 280 g then; Barrier layer is wherein formed by three layers, and lower floor is 20 g zeolites, upper strata 20 g rice straws, and the intermediate layer is that 40g particle diameter 2 mm micelles, 40g particle diameter are that 2 mm egg shells or 40g particle diameter are 2 mm vermiculites;
(2) sowing:
1) sowing 0.6 g tall fescue seed in pvc pipe; Wherein 3 pvc pipes are not sowed as contrast; Make the water content of compost and soil mixture remain on the 60-65% of its field capacity with all pvc pipes of running water pouring, indoor temperature and relative moisture are respectively 16-22 ℃, 36-57%;
2) sowing 30 d after, with concentration be 10 mmol/kg the EDTA aqueous solution (amount of adding: 150 ml) impose on the compost surface,
(3) mensuration of content of beary metal:
1) Festuca Arundinacea is cradled processing after applying EDTA 10 d, toothing 1 cm places 80 ℃ baking oven to dry to weight plant, cradles continued and waters and make that water content remains unchanged in the pipe;
2) cradle the back in the time of the 2nd, 8 and 15 day,, be equivalent to the precipitation of 34.0 mm respectively with the artificial rainwater of 150 ml; Slowly water continuously in each pvc pipe; Behind pipe end collection percolate and gradation mensuration volume, mix, applied EDTA once more on the 20th day, concentration is with for the first time; Method also with for the first time, applies EDTA and cradles after 10 days afterwards, cradles the back in the time of the 2nd, 8 and 15 day, respectively with 150 ml artificial rain water wash and collection.Measure content of beary metal then.
Wherein said artificial rain water wash refers to, and utilizes Na
2SO
4, (NH
4)
2SO
4, Mg (NO
3)
2, MgSO
4, K
2SO
4, Ca (NO
3)
2Configuration SO
4 2-, NO
3 -, NH
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+, Cl
-, K
+, Na
+Be respectively the acid rain of 14.96,6.54,3.71,0.82,1.38,1.68,0.64 and 0.78 mg/L, and it is subsequent use to regulate pH=5.6 with HCl.Wherein said heavy metal refers to Cd, Ni, Cu, the content of Pb and Zn.
Experiment material of the present invention is all selected discarded object for use as far as possible, combines with consumer garbage compost like this, can realize recycling of waste resources.Considering that rice straw is for a long time under water maybe be than the more water-fast corrosion of other stalks, and stalk can also provide nutritive element for plant growing, so rice straw is pulverized as the superiors; Zeolite is a kind of cheapness, uses general and has been successfully applied to the fixedly additive of various heavy, so with the bottom of zeolite as separation layer.Adopt discarded egg shell as the adsorbents adsorb heavy metal ion simultaneously, so in order to inquire into the influence of more waste material to the heavy metal migration, we select micelle for use, vermiculite and egg shell are as the intermediate layer.
Experimental result shows: use and separation layer is set on soil layer before the garbage compost will reduces effectively that heavy metal moves to lower soil in the compost.Can also consumer garbage compost be layered on the lawn soil as lawn matrix simultaneously, and between soil and compost, spread separation layer, so both can make full use of consumer garbage compost, also can make other utilizations of waste as resource.Though before large-scale field utilizes, also have the more deep research of a lot of needs of work; Selection like the constituent of operation conditions optimization and separation layer; To come the garbage compost of purification of heavy metal pollution or soil be a kind of emerging method but utilize the collaborative phytoremediation of chelating agent to add separation layer simultaneously, can develop into a kind of new technology of the collaborative phytoremediation of chemical method of environmental sound.
The more detailed preparation method of the present invention is following:
1 materials and methods
1.1 consumer garbage compost and soil property
Consumer garbage compost is taken from Tianjin Xiao Dian composting plant.Its physicochemical property is: pH 7.62, the content of organic matter 12.12%, full nitrogen 5.18%, available phosphorus 77.92 mg/kg, full potassium 50.83 g/kg, saturation moisture content 0.76 ml/g, unit weight 0.85 g/ml.Supply examination soil to take from the dark topsoil of the sample plot 0-20 cm of Tianjin Normal University.Soil property is: pH 8.30, the content of organic matter 4.68%, full nitrogen 0.21%, available phosphorus 22.03 mg/kg, saturation moisture content 0.58 ml/g.The soil texture is a dauk.2 mm sieve is subsequent use excessively respectively after air-dry for garbage compost and soil.
1.2 the preparation of artificial rainwater
According to Tianjin rainfall ion component in 2006 mean value (Han Yu, 2008), utilize Na
2SO
4, (NH
4)
2SO
4, Mg (NO
3)
2, MgSO
4, K
2SO
4, Ca (NO
3)
2Configuration SO
4 2-, NO
3 -, NH
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+, Cl
-, K
+, Na
+Be respectively the acid rain of 14.96,6.54,3.71,0.82,1.38,1.68,0.64 and 0.78 mg/L, and regulate pH=5.6 with HCl.
1.3 lawn matrix seepage System Design
The drip washing experiment is carried out under indoor natural light.Preparing diameter is 7.5 cm, and height is each 9 of the pvc pipes of 21 cm and 25 cm, and the nylon wire that all is fixed with diameter in the bottom of all pvc pipes and is 0.2 mm is with soil in the stay pipe and compost, and the below of pipe is furnished with the container that connects percolate.(500 g) places pvc pipe with air-dry soil, highly is 12 cm.Then the garbage compost after air-dry (280 g) is tiled on the short tube soil, the height of compost is 8 cm.The saturable barrier of varying level being set in the long tube being placed between soil and the garbage compost, highly is about 4 cm.Barrier layer is formed by three layers, and lower floor is the zeolite of 20 g, and the upper strata is the rice straw of 20 g, and the intermediate layer is different, is each three of micelle, egg shell and vermiculites that 40 g particle diameters are about 2 mm.
Sowing 0.6 g tall fescue seed in pvc pipe, wherein 3 pvc pipes are not sowed as contrast.Make the water content of compost and soil mixture remain on 60% of its field capacity with all pvc pipes of running water pouring.Indoor temperature and relative moisture are respectively 16-22 ℃, 36-57%.After sowing 30 d, EDTA is dissolved in deionized water imposes on the compost surface then, concentration is 10 mmol/kg compost, and wherein to apply EDTA concentration be 0 mmol/kg to the short tube of three sowings.After applying EDTA 10 d Festuca Arundinacea is cradled processing, toothing 1 cm.Place the baking oven of 80 ° of C to dry plant to weight.Cradle continued water make the pipe in water content remain unchanged.
Cradle the back in the time of the 2nd, 8 and 15 day; Artificial rainwater (precipitation that is equivalent to 34.0 mm) with 150 ml slowly waters continuously in each pvc pipe respectively; Behind pipe end collection percolate and gradation mensuration volume, mix, applied EDTA once more on the 20th day, concentration is with for the first time.Method also with for the first time, applies EDTA and cradles after 10 days afterwards, cradles the back in the time of the 2nd, 8 and 15 day, respectively with 150 ml artificial rain water wash and collection.
1.4 content of beary metal analysis
Content of beary metal is measured: the accurate every strain above-ground plant parts of weighing, and each three parts under ground portion sample, every part of each 0.1 g adopts HNO
3Wet method also digests with the quick digestion system WX-4000 of microwave.Earlier sample is put into standard can, add 3 mL HNO
3, add 4 mL HNO in the control jar
3, condition is cleared up in adjustment, adopts the distribution digestion process, and first step pressure is 15 atm, and temperature is 150 ℃, times 4 min, the second step pressure is 20 atm, temperature is 180 ℃, times 4 min, last digestive juice is with 1% HNO
3Dissolving, constant volume adopt the wherein content of each heavy metal species of TAS-990 atomic absorption spectrophotometer in the volumetric flask of 25 mL.
The content of beary metal context analyzer (ug/g) of table 1 compost and soil matrix
1.5 data analysis
Data all are the mean value and the standard errors of 3 repetitions in the literary composition, and data analysis is accomplished with SPSS statistical software (SPSS 11.5).
Heavy metal diafiltration ratio=heavy metal drip washing total amount/(total metals in the compost+heavy metal in soil total amount)
2 results and analysis
2.1 different disposal is to the influence of growth of Festuca elata
Growth of Festuca elata is good among preceding 30 d of experiment, and it does not show the sign of obviously being injured yet among 10 d after adding variable concentrations EDTA solution.But finding has the Festuca Arundinacea biomass of separation layer bigger, and the intermediate layer has the biomass of micelle or eggshell maximum, does not have separation layer, use concentration be the biomass handled of 10 mmol/kg EDTA minimum (
p<0.05), like table 2.The eldish well-grown, 20 days after-applied as for the first time behind the identical EDTA, Festuca Arundinacea has leaf jaundice situation to occur, but the biomass influence is not too big, EDTA concentration be 0 mmolkg with the intermediate layer be the biomass of vermiculite maximum (
p<0.05).After cradling in 10 days, the 3rd batch of grass growth receives inhibition to a great extent.This explanation Festuca Arundinacea has very big adaptive capacity to the heavy metal in the consumer garbage compost, neither be big especially to its growth effect even add EDTA.
Table 2 different disposal is to the influence (g/PVC container) of Testuca arundinacea biomass
Annotate: it is 10 mmol/kg that the 10+ micelle representes to apply EDTA concentration, and the intermediate layer is 40 g micelles; It is 10 mmol/kg that the 10+ vermiculite representes to apply EDTA concentration, and the intermediate layer is 40 g vermiculites; It is 10 mmol/kg that the 10+ eggshell representes to apply EDTA concentration, and the intermediate layer is 40 g eggshells.
2.2 different disposal is to the influence of Festuca Arundinacea enriching heavy metal
Table 3 is under the different disposal, the concentration of first batch and second batch Festuca Arundinacea acrial part enriching heavy metal, and at first, the interpolation of EDTA has promoted absorption and the accumulation of Festuca Arundinacea to heavy metal very significantly.First batch does not have in the separation layer, and does not apply comparing of EDTA, apply 10 mmol/kg EDTA after, Cd, Cu, the concentration of Pb and Zn improved respectively 87.5%, 55.9%, 87.1% and 57.4%, the second batch also improved 88.2%, 59.2%, 44.6% and 72.7% respectively.In addition, apply EDTA after, first batch of concentration that the Festuca Arundinacea overground part Cu in the separation layer pvc pipe is arranged is a little less than the concentration that does not have the Festuca Arundinacea overground part Cu in the separation layer pvc pipe.Yet the existence of separation layer has but obviously promoted the concentration of Festuca Arundinacea overground part Cd and Pb, compare with Festuca Arundinacea in the no separation layer pvc pipe concentration difference reach significance level (
p<0.05).Have in the separation layer at first batch, the intermediate layer is that the effect to Festuca Arundinacea enrichment Cd and Cu of eggshell is best, reached significance level (
p<0.05), and the intermediate layer be vermiculite to the effect of Festuca Arundinacea enrichment Pb and Zn comparatively obviously (
p<0.05), the intermediate layer be micelle effect a little less than, but with no separation layer compare Festuca Arundinacea enrichment Pb still have significant effect (
p<0.05).
Eldish is compared with first batch of grass; On Cd and Pb concentration, have substantial degradation, Zn also has reduction to a certain extent, does not especially have the situation of separation layer; And Cu concentration does not have and decreases a little under the situation of separation layer, but the raising that but has under the situation of separation layer is to a great extent being arranged.In the eldish, compare, the Festuca Arundinacea Cd of separation layer is arranged with no separation layer; Cu, Pb and Zn four heavy metal species concentration all improve a lot, and apply comparing of 10 mmol/kgEDTA with no separation layer; Have separation layer four heavy metal species respectively maximum improved 21.9%, 35.5%, 19.1% and 52.9%.In second batch as showing in the table 4.3, the intermediate layer be the effect to Festuca Arundinacea enrichment Cd and Zn of eggshell best (
p<0.05), the intermediate layer be vermiculite to Festuca Arundinacea enrichment Pb effect best (
p<0.05), and the intermediate layer is a micelle, vermiculite or eggshell are similar to Festuca Arundinacea enrichment Cu effect, do not have the significance difference opposite sex.
Table 3 different disposal is to the influence (ug/g) of Festuca Arundinacea overground part heavy metal concentration
Fig. 1 is under the different disposal condition, and first batch and second batch of Festuca Arundinacea are to the enrichment condition of each heavy metal species.By knowing among the figure, apply EDTA after, first batch still second batch of Festuca Arundinacea all obviously be better than without EDTA to the concentration effect of each heavy metal species, have the significance difference opposite sex (
p<0.05), but Festuca Arundinacea has nothing in common with each other to the enrichment discipline of various metals in the different separation layers.For Cd, the enriching quantity of second batch of Festuca Arundinacea is apparently higher than first batch; And in first batch, what separation layer was arranged has very significant facilitation effect to Festuca Arundinacea enrichment Cd, and the intermediate layer is the best results of vermiculite; And only have in second batch the intermediate layer be the separation layer of eggshell have significant effect (
p<0.05).For Cu, the enriching quantity highly significant of second batch of Festuca Arundinacea be higher than first batch, maximum has improved 121%; In first batch, three kinds of separation layers do not have significant facilitation to Festuca Arundinacea enrichment Cu, in addition to a certain degree reduced the enriching quantity of Cu; And in second batch, the intermediate layer be vermiculite and eggshell Festuca Arundinacea enrichment Cu is had significant facilitation effect, eggshell significantly (
p<0.05).Yet for Pb, the enriching quantity of first batch of Festuca Arundinacea is apparently higher than second batch; In first batch, three kinds of separation layers all have significant facilitation to the rich Pb of Festuca Arundinacea, and the intermediate layer be vermiculite effect the most obviously (
p<0.05); And three kinds of separation layers all do not have significant effect to Festuca Arundinacea enrichment Pb in second batch, the indifference opposite sex.For Zn, first batch and second batch of Festuca Arundinacea do not have significant difference to the enriching quantity of Zn; In first batch, the intermediate layer is that the separation layer of vermiculite has certain facilitation to Festuca Arundinacea enrichment Zn, and that the intermediate layer is the effect of micelle and eggshell is very little, the indifference opposite sex; In second batch, having only the intermediate layer is the enrichment to Zn of eggshell.
2.3 different separation layers are to the influence of heavy metal migration
Using for the first time leacheate that the 7th d, 14 d, 21 d behind the EDTA collect and mix the back and be first, is second batch after using leacheate that the 7th d behind the EDTA, 14 d, 21 d collect for the second time and mixing, and the leacheate volume of first and second batch is seen table 4.The leacheate volume of contrast is obviously more than the leacheate volume of other processing, explain that Festuca Arundinacea possibly utilize root system of its fine and close and extensive branch and transpiration can absorb effectively and the fixing leacheate on compost and the soil profile.By contrast; There is the leacheate volume of separation layer pvc pipe less; Possibly be to have stronger water binding capacity owing to form the materials such as beans stalk of separation layer, and position, intermediate layer vermiculite is minimum, eggshell takes second place; Possible vermiculite has stronger suction and moisture holding capacity than eggshell and micelle, and fine and close eggshell is also to the certain function that maintains of water.
The volume of the pvc pipe leacheate that table 4 variable concentrations EDTA handles
The collaborative separation layer in different intermediate layers down of EDTA and EDTA is handled influence such as Fig. 2 to heavy metal drip washing.With do not apply comparing of EDTA, no matter for the first time still for the second time, apply Cd in the leacheate of EDTA of 10 mmol/kg; Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn five heavy metal species total amounts all improve a lot; Wherein contrast does not have the heavy metal amount maximum that the drip washing of grass growth goes out, and is respectively not apply 5.1,8.6 of EDTA; 15.4 14.1 and 8.4 times, this explanation EDTA has significantly strengthened the dissolubility and the mobility of heavy metal.Have that content of beary metal is not obviously than there being the low of grass growth in the leacheate of growth of Festuca elata, this is the absorption fixation of root system of plant to heavy metal, has reduced the drip washing of heavy metal.
The low of no separation layer that various content of beary metal in the pvc pipe leacheate of separation layer all handle than same EDTA arranged, and the intermediate layer is Cd in the pvc pipe leacheate of vermiculite, Ni, Pb all than same EDTA handle all low, have significant difference (
p<0.05), explain that vermiculite has suction-operated preferably to this three heavy metal species, hinder the effect of its drip washing, the intermediate layer is the similar to this three heavy metal species barriering effect of micelle and eggshell, content of beary metal little than no separation layer pvc pipe all in the leacheate.For the drip washing of Cu, the intermediate layer is that the inhibition of eggshell is less, and micelle and vermiculite have and hinder effect comparatively significantly.The content of Zn does not have the significance difference opposite sex in the leacheate of the pvc pipe in three kinds of intermediate layers, but has comparatively significant difference with comparing of no separation layer.From figure, find out, under the different disposal, Cd in second batch of leacheate, Ni, Cu, the content of Pb and Zn five heavy metal species is all medium and small than first, but otherness is less.
Table 5 has been listed different disposal to Cd, Ni, and Cu, the influence of Pb and Zn five heavy metal species diafiltration ratios, rule is with content of beary metal in the percolate.The result shows that EDTA has significantly strengthened the dissolubility and the mobility of heavy metal.Simultaneously, experimental data shows that also rainwater and EDTA use back Festuca Arundinacea and separation layer the migration of heavy metal is had stronger inhibitory action.In first leacheate, when EDTA concentration is 10 mmol/kg, Cd in the percolate of plantation Festuca Arundinacea pvc pipe, Ni; Cu, the diafiltration ratio of Pb and Zn is respectively 13.77%, 5.81%; 8.90%, 12.25% and 13.35%, and the diafiltration ratio of not planting pvc pipe percolate five heavy metal species of Festuca Arundinacea reaches 17.43% respectively; 7.46%, 12.58%, 16.24% and 18.42%.On the other hand, horizontal interlayer has also reduced the wash out amount of heavy metal effectively under EDTA handles.In 10 mmol/kg EDTA handle, the minimum Cd that has approximately in 10.51% garbage compost in first drip washing of separation layer is arranged, 4.60% Ni, 7.38% Cu, 9.04% Pb and 11.40% Zn by rainwater drip washing to leacheate.
Table 5 different disposal is to the influence (%) of each heavy metal species diafiltration ratio
3 conclusions
Studied to this experimental system the collaborative Festuca Arundinacea enrichment Cu of EDTA, Zn, Pb and Cd and Festuca Arundinacea suppress the ability of heavy metal to the deep soil migration.As shown in table 2, first batch does not have in the separation layer, and does not apply comparing of EDTA, apply 10 mmol/kg EDTA after; Cd, Cu, the concentration of Pb and Zn has improved 87.5%, 55.9% respectively; 87.1% and 57.4%, the second batch also improved 88.2%, 59.2%, 44.6% and 72.7% respectively.On the other hand, but one of harvested biomass key factor that to be phytoremediation technology successful.Turf-type tall fescue fast growth and can cradling repeatedly in 1 year, what this experiment was just adopted is two batches of grass growths.Though the heavy metal amount of Festuca Arundinacea enrichment is more less relatively than the heavy metal amount of drip washing; But the growth of Festuca Arundinacea in garbage compost matrix obviously reduced the volume of percolate and heavy metal concentration wherein; Possibly be that this is fixing most important for heavy metal in garbage compost and the soil matrix because the higher transpiration rate of Festuca Arundinacea significantly reduces the moisture in compost and the soil; In addition, Festuca Arundinacea is fine and close and distribute widely that root system also can play control action preferably to the migration of heavy metal.
Experimental result shows that separation layer has stronger water holding water retention capacity, can suppress the following of percolate to a certain extent and ooze, and the diafiltration to heavy metal simultaneously also has very big inhibitory action.Three kinds of intermediate layers also have nothing in common with each other to various inhibition of heavy metals; Wherein vermiculite is to Cd, Ni, and Pb three heavy metal species have the effect of adsorbing preferably and hindering its diafiltration; The intermediate layer is the less to this three heavy metal species barriering effect of micelle and eggshell; For the diafiltration of Cu, the intermediate layer is that the inhibition of eggshell is less, and micelle and vermiculite have and hinder effect comparatively significantly.The content of Zn does not have the significance difference opposite sex in the percolate of the pvc pipe in three kinds of intermediate layers, but has comparatively significant difference with comparing of no separation layer.On the other hand; We find EDTA to efficient that the Festuca Arundinacea enriching heavy metal in the separation layer pvc pipe is arranged apparently higher than to there not being the Festuca Arundinacea in the separation layer pvc pipe; Stalk is described, vermiculite, micelle; Thereby materials such as eggshell have improved the water retention capacity of separation layer and have prolonged the time that plant contacts and adsorbs with heavy metal, make that plant can the more heavy metal of enrichment.
The heavy metal concentration of first batch and second batch Festuca Arundinacea enrichment differs less, and the mcroorganism amount causes eldish bigger to the enriching quantity of heavy metal because second batch of Festuca Arundinacea has more, especially Cu.In percolate, also can find out, first with the second batch of percolate in content of beary metal have certain otherness, but difference is less; After this explanation applies EDTA for the first time; Each heavy metal species in the garbage compost has only part to be activated, by plant absorbing and rainwater drip washing, after applying EDTA for the second time; There is very most of heavy metal to be activated again, thereby come out by Festuca Arundinacea enrichment and rainwater drip washing.
In a word; Because distinctive form of turf-type tall fescue and physiological characteristic, for example growth is rapid, and regeneration capacity is strong; Have densification, the wider root system and of distributing to the high resistance of EDTA and heavy metallic poison, it has very big potentiality and value in phytoremediation.In addition; Festuca Arundinacea is the ground cover plant of a kind of manageability and extensive cultivation; If so the intercropping such as arbor or shrub that can be used for Festuca Arundinacea and other phytoremediation together, remediation efficiency will improve greatly, and such Spatial Distribution Pattern can be utilized resource and space more fully.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is under the different disposal condition, and first batch and second batch of Festuca Arundinacea are to the enrichment condition of each heavy metal species;
Fig. 2 different disposal is to the influence of content of beary metal in the percolate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described; The scheme of embodiment described here; Do not limit the present invention; One of skill in the art can make improvements and change according to spirit of the present invention, and described these improvement and variation all should be regarded as within the scope of the invention, and scope of the present invention and essence are limited claim.Used reagent has commercially available.
Embodiment 1
(1) lawn matrix seepage System Design:
Preparing diameter is 7.5 cm, and height is each 9 of the pvc pipes of 21 cm and 25 cm, and the nylon wire that all is fixed with diameter in the bottom of all pvc pipes and is 0.2 mm is with soil in the stay pipe and compost, and the below of pipe is furnished with the container that connects percolate;
2) air-dry soil 500 g are placed pvc pipe; Highly be 12 cm, the garbage compost after air-dry is tiled on the short tube soil with 280 g then, and the height of compost is 8 cm; The saturable barrier of varying level being set in the long tube being placed between soil and the garbage compost, highly is 4 cm; Barrier layer is wherein formed by three layers, and lower floor is 20 g zeolites, and the upper strata is 20 g rice straws, and the intermediate layer is that 40 g particle diameters are the micelle of 2 mm;
(2) sowing:
1) sowing 0.6 g tall fescue seed in pvc pipe makes the water content of compost and soil mixture remain on 65% of its field capacity with all pvc pipes of running water pouring, and indoor temperature and relative moisture are respectively 22 ℃, and 57%;
2) behind sowing 30 d, be that the EDTA aqueous solution of 10 mmol/kg imposes on the compost surface (amount of adding: 150 ml) with concentration;
(3) mensuration of content of beary metal:
1) Festuca Arundinacea is cradled processing after applying EDTA 10 d, toothing 1 cm places 80 ℃ baking oven to dry to weight plant, cradles continued and waters and make that water content remains unchanged in the pipe;
2) cradle the back in the time of the 2nd, 8 and 15 day,, be equivalent to the precipitation of 34.0 mm respectively with the artificial rainwater of 150 ml; Slowly water continuously in each pvc pipe; Behind pipe end collection percolate and gradation mensuration volume, mix, applied EDTA once more on the 20th day, concentration is with for the first time; Method also with for the first time, applies EDTA and cradles after 10 days afterwards, cradles the back in the time of the 2nd, 8 and 15 day, with 150 ml artificial rain water wash and collection, measures heavy metal Cd then, Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn content respectively.Wherein said artificial rain water wash refers to, and utilizes Na
2SO
4, (NH
4)
2SO
4, Mg (NO
3)
2, MgSO
4, K
2SO
4, Ca (NO
3)
2Configuration SO
4 2-, NO
3 -, NH
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+, Cl
-, K
+, Na
+Be respectively the acid rain of 14.96,6.54,3.71,0.82,1.38,1.68,0.64 and 0.78 mg/L, and it is subsequent use to regulate pH=5.6 with HCl.
Embodiment 2
(1) lawn matrix seepage System Design:
Preparing diameter is 7.5 cm, and height is each 9 of the pvc pipes of 21 cm and 25 cm, and the nylon wire that all is fixed with diameter in the bottom of all pvc pipes and is 0.2 mm is with soil in the stay pipe and compost, and the below of pipe is furnished with the container that connects percolate;
2) air-dry soil 500 g are placed pvc pipe; Highly be 12 cm, the garbage compost after air-dry is tiled on the short tube soil with 280 g then, and the height of compost is 8 cm; The saturable barrier of varying level being set in the long tube being placed between soil and the garbage compost, highly is 4 cm; Barrier layer is wherein formed by three layers, and lower floor is 20 g zeolites, and the upper strata is 20 g rice straws, and the intermediate layer is 2 mm egg shells for the 40g particle diameter;
(2) sowing:
1) sowing 0.6 g tall fescue seed in pvc pipe makes the water content of compost and soil mixture remain on 60% of its field capacity with all pvc pipes of running water pouring, and indoor temperature and relative moisture are respectively 18 ℃, and 38%;
2) behind sowing 30 d, be that the EDTA aqueous solution of 10 mmol/kg imposes on the compost surface (amount of adding: 150 ml) with concentration;
(3) mensuration of content of beary metal:
1) Festuca Arundinacea is cradled processing after applying EDTA 10 d, toothing 1 cm places 80 ℃ baking oven to dry to weight plant, cradles continued and waters and make that water content remains unchanged in the pipe;
2) cradle the back in the time of the 2nd, 8 and 15 day,, be equivalent to the precipitation of 34.0 mm respectively with the artificial rainwater of 150 ml; Slowly water continuously in each pvc pipe; Behind pipe end collection percolate and gradation mensuration volume, mix, applied EDTA once more on the 20th day, concentration is with for the first time; Method also with for the first time, applies EDTA and cradles after 10 days afterwards, cradles the back in the time of the 2nd, 8 and 15 day, with 150 ml artificial rain water wash and collection, measures heavy metal Cd then, Ni, Cu, the content of Pb and Zn respectively.Wherein said artificial rain water wash refers to, and utilizes Na
2SO
4, (NH
4)
2SO
4, Mg (NO
3)
2, MgSO
4, K
2SO
4, Ca (NO
3)
2Configuration SO
4 2-, NO
3 -, NH
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+, Cl
-, K
+, Na
+Be respectively the acid rain of 14.96,6.54,3.71,0.82,1.38,1.68,0.64 and 0.78 mg/L, and it is subsequent use to regulate pH=5.6 with HCl.
Embodiment 3
(1) lawn matrix seepage System Design:
Preparing diameter is 7.5 cm, and height is each 9 of the pvc pipes of 21 cm and 25 cm, and the nylon wire that all is fixed with diameter in the bottom of all pvc pipes and is 0.2 mm is with soil in the stay pipe and compost, and the below of pipe is furnished with the container that connects percolate;
2) air-dry soil 500 g are placed pvc pipe; Highly be 12 cm, the garbage compost after air-dry is tiled on the short tube soil with 280 g then, and the height of compost is 8 cm; The saturable barrier of varying level being set in the long tube being placed between soil and the garbage compost, highly is 4 cm; Barrier layer is wherein formed by three layers, and lower floor is 20 g zeolites, and the upper strata is 20 g rice straws, and the intermediate layer is 2 mm vermiculites for the 40g particle diameter;
(2) sowing:
1) sowing 0.6 g tall fescue seed in pvc pipe makes the water content of compost and soil mixture remain on 65% of its field capacity with all pvc pipes of running water pouring, and indoor temperature and relative moisture are respectively 22 ℃, and 57%;
2) behind sowing 30 d, be that the EDTA aqueous solution of 10 mmol/kg imposes on the compost surface (amount of adding: 150 ml) with concentration;
(3) mensuration of content of beary metal:
1) Festuca Arundinacea is cradled processing after applying EDTA 10 d, toothing 1 cm places 80 ℃ baking oven to dry to weight plant, cradles continued and waters and make that water content remains unchanged in the pipe;
2) cradle the back in the time of the 2nd, 8 and 15 day,, be equivalent to the precipitation of 34.0 mm respectively with the artificial rainwater of 150 ml; Slowly water continuously in each pvc pipe; Behind pipe end collection percolate and gradation mensuration volume, mix, applied EDTA once more on the 20th day, concentration is with for the first time; Method also with for the first time, applies EDTA and cradles after 10 days afterwards, cradles the back in the time of the 2nd, 8 and 15 day, with 150 ml artificial rain water wash and collection, measures heavy metal Cd then, Ni, Cu, the content of Pb and Zn respectively.Wherein said artificial rain water wash refers to, and utilizes Na
2SO
4, (NH
4)
2SO
4, Mg (NO
3)
2, MgSO
4, K
2SO
4, Ca (NO
3)
2Configuration SO
4 2-, NO
3 -, NH
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+, Cl
-, K
+, Na
+Be respectively the acid rain of 14.96,6.54,3.71,0.82,1.38,1.68,0.64 and 0.78 mg/L, and it is subsequent use to regulate pH=5.6 with HCl.
Claims (3)
1. method that adopts impervious barrier to repair the garbage compost heavy metal is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) lawn matrix seepage System Design:
1) preparing diameter is 7.5 cm, and height is 21 cm pvc pipes, and the nylon wire that is fixed with diameter in the bottom and is 0.2 mm is with soil in the stay pipe and compost, and the below of pipe is furnished with the container that connects percolate;
2) air-dry soil 500 g are placed pvc pipe, the layer of placing obstacles between wherein, the garbage compost after air-dry is tiled in the pipe with 280 g then; Barrier layer is wherein formed by three layers, and lower floor is 20 g zeolites, upper strata 20 g rice straws, and the intermediate layer is 2 mm micelles, egg shell or vermiculite for the 40g particle diameter;
(2) sowing:
1) sowing 0.6g tall fescue seed in pvc pipe makes the water content of compost and soil mixture remain on the 60-65% of its field capacity with all pvc pipes of running water pouring, and indoor temperature and relative moisture are respectively 16-22 ℃, 36-57%;
2) behind sowing 30 d, be that the EDTA aqueous solution 150 ml of 10 mmol/kg impose on the compost surface with concentration;
(3) mensuration of content of beary metal:
1) Festuca Arundinacea is cradled processing after applying EDTA 10 d, toothing 1 cm places 80 ℃ baking oven to dry to weight plant, cradles continued and waters and make that water content remains unchanged in the pipe;
2) cradle the back in the time of the 2nd, 8 and 15 day,, be equivalent to the precipitation of 34.0 mm respectively with the artificial rainwater of 150 ml; Slowly water continuously in each pvc pipe, collect at the pipe end and mix after volume is measured in percolate and gradation, applied EDTA on the 20th day once more; Applying EDTA cradled after 10 days; Cradle the back in the time of the 2nd, 8 and 15 day, with 150 ml artificial rain water wash and collection, measure content of beary metal then respectively.
2. the described method of claim 1, wherein said artificial rain water wash refers to, and utilizes Na
2SO
4, (NH
4)
2SO
4, Mg (NO
3)
2, MgSO
4, K
2SO
4, Ca (NO
3)
2Configuration SO
4 2-, NO
3 -, NH
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+, Cl
-, K
+, Na
+Be respectively the acid rain of 14.96,6.54,3.71,0.82,1.38,1.68,0.64 and 0.78 mg/L, and it is subsequent use to regulate pH=5.6 with HCl.
3. the described method of claim 1, wherein said heavy metal refers to Cd, Ni, Cu, the content of Pb and Zn.
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| CN104841692A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-19 | 天津师范大学 | Application of siduron in reinforcing extraction of municipal refuse compost heavy metal by virtue of turfgrass |
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| CN103270869A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-09-04 | 天津师范大学 | Method for repairing sludge heavy metal by combination of DTPA and ryegrass |
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| CN103978025A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-08-13 | 青岛理工大学 | Landfill method for rapid stabilization of chromium-containing soil and household garbage |
| CN103978024A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-08-13 | 青岛理工大学 | Landfill method for synchronous stabilization of chromium-containing soil and household garbage |
| CN103978025B (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2016-03-09 | 青岛理工大学 | A kind of can rapid stabilization containing the burying method of chromium soil and house refuse |
| CN104844281A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-19 | 天津师范大学 | Application of siduron in controlling composite heavy metal form of municipal refuse compost |
| CN104841692A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-19 | 天津师范大学 | Application of siduron in reinforcing extraction of municipal refuse compost heavy metal by virtue of turfgrass |
| CN104892291A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-09-09 | 天津师范大学 | Application of chlorpyrifos for reinforcing turfgrass to extract house refuse compost heavy metal |
| CN106083225A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-09 | 天津师范大学 | The method using carbon nanomaterial regulation and control consumer garbage compost Pd release power |
| CN106116723A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-16 | 天津师范大学 | The method using Graphene regulation and control heavy metal from consumer garbage compost burst size |
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