CN1868608A - 纳米筛选装置 - Google Patents

纳米筛选装置 Download PDF

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CN1868608A
CN1868608A CN200510034954.5A CN200510034954A CN1868608A CN 1868608 A CN1868608 A CN 1868608A CN 200510034954 A CN200510034954 A CN 200510034954A CN 1868608 A CN1868608 A CN 1868608A
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screening device
nanometer
sieve membrane
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CN100528382C (zh
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林孟东
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种纳米筛选装置，其包括：一筛膜，所述筛膜是一包含有多连接碳纳米管的多个碳纳米管的聚集体；及一多孔结构支撑体，该筛膜位于该多孔结构支撑体之上。该种纳米筛选装置，其采用一包含多连接碳纳米管的碳纳米管聚集体作为筛膜，由于碳纳米管聚集体中的碳纳米管具有纳米级直径，且多连接碳纳米管具有一主茎部分及与该主茎部分相连接的至少一分枝结构；使得该筛膜具有高比表面积、多孔性等特点。因此，该纳米筛选装置具有较高的筛选效率。另外，其可通过变更该筛膜的碳纳米管的堆积厚度来调整该筛膜滤孔的大小。

Description

纳米筛选装置
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种筛选装置，尤指一纳米级微粒的筛选装置。
【背景技术】
目前，纳米技术的生产与应用越来越广泛，而在许多纳米粉体的应用上，往往要求粉体粒径的一致性。常用纳米粉体的制造方法有化学还原法、气相沉积法、溶胶凝胶法等，由于反应条件影响及反应过程难以精确控制，使这些方法难以获得粒径均一的纳米粉体，因而需借助于其它方法，如通过筛选由上述方法所制备的纳米粉体产物，只要使筛选装置的孔径一致且达纳米级即可获取粒径均一的纳米粉体。
目前存在一种纳米筛选装置，其包括陶瓷材料支撑体及于该陶瓷材料支撑体上烧结而得到的γ-MnO2纳米筛膜。其中，陶瓷支撑体具有微米级滤孔；该γ-MnO2纳米筛膜的孔洞是由γ-MnO2分子间隔形成的，筛膜平均孔径为2～3nm，γ-MnO2原始粒径为20～30nm，聚集粒径为100～500nm，膜层厚度为10～15微米。但是，其孔洞是由分子的间隔形成的，因而孔洞面积相对于整个纳米筛膜的面积较小，即开孔率较小，不能充分利用其有效面积，造成该纳米筛膜筛选速率降低，筛选效率较低。
有鉴于此，提供一种筛选效率高的纳米筛选装置实为必要。
【发明内容】
下面将以具体实施例说明一种纳米筛选装置，其可具有筛选效率高的特点。
为实现上述内容，提供一种纳米筛选装置，其包括：
一筛膜，所述筛膜是一包含有多连接(Multi-junction)碳纳米管的多个碳纳米管的聚集体(Packing Mass)；及
一多孔结构支撑体，上述筛膜位于该多孔结构支撑体之上。
所述筛膜之滤孔孔径平均大小为5nm～65nm。
所述多孔结构支撑体的孔径大小为微米量级。
优选的，所述多孔结构支撑体包括陶瓷材料及纤维聚集体。
优选的，所述纤维聚集体的材质包括纤维素纤维(Cellulose Fibre)、玻璃纤维及聚合物纤维。
优选的，所述多连接碳纳米管包括二维连接(Two-dimensional Junctions)碳纳米管。
更优选的，所述二维连接碳纳米管包括L型连接、Y型连接、T型连接、及H型连接碳纳米管。
优选的，所述多连接碳纳米管包括三维连接(Three-dimensional Junctions)碳纳米管网。
所述碳纳米管的直径大小为15nm～100nm。
优选的，所述碳纳米管的直径大小为15nm～60nm。
相对于现有技术，本技术方案所提供的纳米筛选装置，其采用由一多孔结构支撑体支撑的包含有多连接碳纳米管的多个碳纳米管的聚集体作为筛膜，由于碳纳米管具有较高的机械性能及纳米级直径，且碳纳米管聚集体中的多连接碳纳米管具有一主茎部分及与该主茎部分相连接的至少一分枝结构；使得该筛膜具有高比表面积(High Surface Area)及多孔性(High Porosity)等特点。因此，该筛膜具有较高的筛选效率，可高达99.9％。另外，可通过变更该筛膜的碳纳米管的堆积厚度来调整该筛膜滤孔的大小。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明实施例的纳米筛选装置的示意图。
图2是图1的II部分的放大图。
图3是本发明实施例的三维连接碳纳米管网的结构示意图。
图4是本发明实施例的L型连接碳纳米管的结构示意图。
图5是本发明实施例的T型连接碳纳米管的结构示意图。
图6是本发明实施例的Y型连接碳纳米管的结构示意图。
图7是本发明实施例的H型连接碳纳米管的结构示意图。
【具体实施方式】
下面将结合附图对本发明实施例作进一步的详细说明。
参见图1及图2，本发明的一实施例所提供的纳米筛选装置10，其包括一筛膜12，其是一包含有多连接碳纳米管的多个碳纳米管的聚集体；及一多孔结构支撑体14，该筛膜12位于该多孔结构支撑体14之一表面上。
该筛膜12是由多个碳纳米管聚集而成，该多个碳纳米管呈无序分布状态，且该多个碳纳米管中包含有多连接碳纳米管122。该多个碳纳米管通过范德华力(Van der Waals Force)在其各个接触位置相互结合而形成大量滤孔124，其滤孔124的孔径平均大小范围为5nm～65nm。另外，对于该滤孔124大小的调节，可根据实际应用的需要，通过适当变更该筛膜12的碳纳米管的堆积厚度来实现；碳纳米管的堆积厚度越大，先前形成的滤孔被其上堆积的碳纳米管再次分割成若干个更小的滤孔，从而使得所形成的筛膜的滤孔更小。该包括多连接碳纳米管122的多个碳纳米管的直径大小范围为15～100nm；优选为15～60nm。
参见图3，其中，多连接碳纳米管122可为三维连接碳纳米管网20，其具有一主茎部分21及与该主茎部分21相连接的多个分枝结构22；该主茎部分21的管轴与多个分枝结构22的管轴不完全在同一平面内，而是分布在一三维空间内。
参见图4～图7，多连接碳纳米管122也可为二维连接碳纳米管，其具有一主茎部分及与该主茎部分相连接的至少一个分枝结构；如L型连接(参见图4)、T型连接(参见图5)、Y型连接(参见图6)、及H型连接(参见图7)等二维连接碳纳米管，或其混合。且该二维连接碳纳米管的主茎部分的管轴与其分枝结构的管轴位于同一平面内。其中，L型连接碳纳米管30具有一主茎部分31及与该主茎部分31相连的一个分枝结构32；T型连接碳纳米管40也具有一主茎部分41及与该主茎部分41相连的一个分枝结构42；而L型连接碳纳米管30具有两个末端(Terminals)，T型连接碳纳米管40具有三个末端。Y型连接碳纳米管50具有一主茎部分51及与该主茎部分51相连接的两个分枝结构52，其具有三个末端。H型连接碳纳米管60具有一主茎部分61及与该主茎部分61相连接的三个分枝结构62，其具有四个末端。
多连接碳纳米管122也可为上述二维连接碳纳米管与三维连接碳纳米管网的混合。
该多孔结构支撑体14具有多个孔洞结构(图中未示出)，该孔洞结构的孔径大小优选为微米量级；上述筛膜12与该多孔结构支撑体14的一表面结合在一起。对于该多孔结构支撑体14的材质可选用陶瓷材料、纤维聚集体等；其中，纤维聚集体优选为纤维素纤维、玻璃纤维、及聚合物纤维。
该纳米筛选装置10的筛膜12是通过包含有多连接碳纳米管122的多个碳纳米管聚集而成，由于碳纳米管具有较高的机械性能及纳米级直径大小；使得该筛膜12具有高比表面积、多孔性等特点，其可大大提升其筛选效率。并且，由于多连接碳纳米管122本身具有一个主茎部分及与该主茎部分相连的至少一个分枝结构，其在聚集过程中易于形成纳米级滤孔124。该纳米筛选装置10可用于纳米粒子的筛选以及气体过滤等领域。
下面将详细描述一种制作上述纳米筛选装置的筛膜的方法。
首先，采用热化学气相沉积法(Thermal CVD)制备含有多连接碳纳米管的多个碳纳米管：利用一单晶硅晶圆作为碳纳米管生长的基底，该硅基底经600Grit砂纸打磨、超声清洗后，将其置于一加热炉中的一水平石英管中；将一盛装铁粉的陶瓷舟置于该基底的上游(Upstream)5cm处，以作为碳纳米管生长的催化剂。该种设置使得上述铁粉的蒸发-沉积发生在预期温度，进而使得纳米尺寸的铁催化剂粒子播种(Seeded)在上述硅基底上。然后，通过甲烷在1100℃温度条件下的高温分解，在该铁催化剂粒子位置将生长出含有多连接碳纳米管的多个碳纳米管，其直径大小为20nm～50nm；该多连接碳纳米管包括Y型连接的二维连接碳纳米管、T型连接的二维连接碳纳米管、H型连接的二维连接碳纳米管、及三维连接碳纳米管网。
由于通过上述过程获取的包含多连接碳纳米管的多个碳纳米管，其含有铁催化剂等杂物；因此，对上述获得的多个碳纳米管依次进行酸洗、纯水稀释及清洗、离心、氧化等步骤，以纯化上述多个碳纳米管。
接着，将上述纯化的多个碳纳米管进行表面氧化。取一定量的表面氧化德碳纳米管分散于一媒质(Medium)中，并将该混合物置于一低功率超声波浴进行声波处理20～30分钟以形成一悬浮液。该媒质可选用水、有机溶剂、或其混合物；优选的，该有机溶剂可选用甲醇、酒精、丙三醇、表面活性剂、聚乙烯乙二醇、聚乙烯亚胺、聚丙烯乙二醇。本实施例采用甲醇作为媒质。
然后，在真空条件下，采用一厚度为0.2μm的聚碳酸酯膜过滤上述悬浮液；之后，将其置于真空50℃条件下烘烤2小时。由于各个表面氧化的碳纳米管在其接触点位置的自粘合作用较强，其将在聚碳酸酯膜表面聚集形成一碳纳米管薄膜。将该碳纳米管薄膜从聚碳酸酯表面揭下，即可获得一筛膜；优选的，为获取更高的比表面积，可先将该碳纳米管薄膜置于真空600℃温度条件下裂解以去除氧。上述悬浮液中碳纳米管的含量会影响该筛膜的碳纳米管的堆积厚度，进而影响该筛膜的滤孔孔径的平均大小。为使最终所获得的筛膜具有较均一的厚度，在上述过滤过程中，采用一高功率超声波震碎机(Branson Sonifier 450)间歇震荡上述悬浮液，每次震荡约30秒至1分钟，以使该悬浮液中的碳纳米管充分均匀分散。
最后，根据实际应用的需求，调整该碳纳米管薄膜的大小，并将其敷在一多孔结构支撑体上，如陶瓷材料、纤维聚集体等的表面；进而可获取一纳米筛选装置。
可选的，在本发明上述实施例的纳米筛选装置的制作方法中，也可直接采用一多孔结构支撑体，如陶瓷材料、纤维聚集体过滤包含有多连接碳纳米管的碳纳米管悬浮液。因此，无须将所形成的碳纳米管薄膜从多孔结构支撑体揭下，只需根据实际应用的需要，调整该承载有碳纳米管薄膜的多孔结构支撑体的大小，即可获得一纳米筛选装置。
可选的，在本发明上述实施例的纳米筛选装置的制作方法中，也可采用其它方法制备的包含有多连接碳纳米管的多个碳纳米管，如采用热丝化学气相沉积法(Hot Filament CVD)或二茂镍(Nickelocene)高温分解法获取包含有Y型连接碳纳米管的多个碳纳米管，该多个碳纳米管的直径范围为15nm～100nm；或氧化铝模板法生长包含有Y型连接碳纳米管的多个碳纳米管，该多个碳纳米管的直径范围为35～60nm。
另外，本领域技术人员还可在本发明精神内做其它变化，如变更筛膜的制作方法、或采用其它多连接碳纳米管等以用于本发明；只要其不偏离本发明的技术效果均可。这些依据本发明精神所做的变化，都应包含在本发明所要求保护的范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种纳米筛选装置，其包括：一筛膜，所述筛膜是一包含有多连接碳纳米管的多个碳纳米管的聚集体；及一多孔结构支撑体，该筛膜位于该多孔结构支撑体之上。
2.如权利要求1所述的纳米筛选装置，其特征在于所述筛膜的滤孔孔径平均大小为5nm～65nm。
3.如权利要求1所述的纳米筛选装置，其特征在于所述多孔结构支撑体的孔径为微米量级。
4.如权利要求3所述的纳米筛选装置，其特征在于所述多孔结构支撑体包括陶瓷材料及纤维聚集体。
5.如权利要求4所述的纳米筛选装置，其特征在于所述纤维聚集体的材质包括纤维素纤维、玻璃纤维及聚合物纤维。
6.如权利要求1所述的纳米筛选装置，其特征在于所述多连接碳纳米管包括二维连接碳纳米管。
7.如权利要求6所述的纳米筛选装置，其特征在于所述二维连接碳纳米管包括L型连接、Y型连接、T型连接、及H型连接碳纳米管。
8.如权利要求1所述的纳米筛选装置，其特征在于所述多连接碳纳米管包括三维连接碳纳米管网。
9.如权利要求1所述的纳米筛选装置，其特征在于所述碳纳米管的直径大小为15nm～100nm。
10.如权利要求9所述的纳米筛选装置，其特征在于所述碳纳米管的直径大小为15nm～60nm。
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