CN1863974A - 非白色建筑表面 - Google Patents
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- CN1863974A CN1863974A CN200480029212.7A CN200480029212A CN1863974A CN 1863974 A CN1863974 A CN 1863974A CN 200480029212 A CN200480029212 A CN 200480029212A CN 1863974 A CN1863974 A CN 1863974A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4584—Coating or impregnating of particulate or fibrous ceramic material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D7/00—Roof covering exclusively consisting of sealing masses applied in situ; Gravelling of flat roofs
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
- Y10T428/24372—Particulate matter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
- Y10T428/24372—Particulate matter
- Y10T428/2438—Coated
- Y10T428/24388—Silicon containing coating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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Abstract
本发明提供一种非白色建筑表面,该非白色建筑表面包括:基底;第一反射涂层,其在所述基底的外表面的至少一部分上,该带涂层的基底表现出至少约25%的最小直射日光反射率值;和第二反射涂层,其在所述第一反射涂层的至少一部分上,其中,所述第一反射涂层和所述第二反射涂层的组合使得该基底具有以下性质中的至少一种:(i)在770到2500 nm的波长范围内的基本所有点上的反射率至少为约20%,和(ii)在770到2500nm的范围内(包括770和2500nm端值在内)测得的总反射率值至少为7000。还提供具有所述涂层的多种基底以及生成所述建筑表面的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在诸如沥青屋顶板(asphalt shingle)之类的屋顶和其它外表面上使用的用于提高太阳光反射率的反射涂层。
背景技术
为了能源节约,越来越期望将屋顶和其它外表面的太阳能反射掉。被吸收的太阳能增加建筑物的能源费。另外,在人口稠密区如大城市区,太阳能的吸收会增加环境气温。太阳能的主要吸收体为建筑屋顶。在大城市区中的环境气温比周边的农村地区高10或更多是非常常见的。这种现象通常称为城市热岛效应。将太阳能反射而不吸收它,可降低冷却费并由此降低建筑物中的能源费。另外,减少太阳能吸收可以通过帮助降低环境气温来提高人口稠密区的生活质量。
可以通过使用金属屋顶材料或带金属涂层的屋顶材料来实现太阳能反射。然而,因为金属屋顶材料或带金属涂层的屋顶材料的热发射率低,所以这种材料由于限制辐射热流而不能产生显著的能源节约,从而不能降低能源费。
还可以通过使用白色或浅色的屋顶来实现太阳能反射。然而,白色或浅色的斜式屋顶由于美学方面的原因而不被市场所接受,反而深色屋顶受到人们的青睐。但是,深色屋顶正是由于其彩色的或非白色的屋顶材料的性质而对太阳能的吸收程度更高,反射更少。
非平坦的或斜式的屋顶通常使用涂有附着于其外表面的彩色颗粒的屋顶板。这种屋顶板通常由在沥青中嵌入颗粒的沥青基材制成。使用屋顶材料颗粒既是出于美学原因,又是用于保护屋顶板下面的基材。这种颗粒特有的性质是在屋顶板上产生显著的表面粗糙度。由此,太阳辐射的反射率会降低,因为辐射以多次散射的方式被散射,这导致与置于光滑表面上的相同涂层相比吸收增加。
发明内容
本发明提供一种非白色建筑表面,该非白色建筑表面包括:基底、第一反射涂层和第二反射涂层,所述第一反射涂层在所述基底的外表面的至少一部分上,使得具有该第一反射涂层的所述基底表现出至少约25%的最小直射日光反射率值;所述第二反射涂层在所述第一反射涂层的至少一部分上,其中,所述第一反射涂层和所述第二反射涂层的组合使得该基底在770到2500nm的波长范围内的基本所有点上的反射率都至少为约20%。
在另一个方面中,本发明提供一种非白色建筑表面,该非白色建筑表面包括:基底、第一反射涂层和第二反射涂层,所述第一反射涂层在所述基底的外表面的至少一部分上,使得具有该第一反射涂层的所述基底表现出至少约25%的最小直射日光反射率值;所述第二反射涂层在所述第一反射涂层的至少一部分上,其中,所述第一反射涂层和所述第二反射涂层的组合使得该基底在770到2500nm(包括770和2500nm端值在内)的范围内测得的总反射率值至少为约7,000。
在另一个方面中,本发明提供一种产生非白色建筑表面的方法,该方法包括:将第一涂层溶液涂敷到基底外表面的至少一部分上;使所述第一涂层溶液固化成第一反射涂层,以形成带涂层的基底,所述第一反射涂层表现出至少约25%的最小直射日光反射率值;将第二涂层溶液涂敷到所述带涂层的基底的至少一部分上;以及使所述第二涂层溶液固化成第二反射涂层,其中,所述第一反射涂层和所述第二反射涂层的组合提供以下性质中的至少一种:(i)在770到2500nm的波长范围内的基本所有点上的反射率至少为约20%,和(ii)在770到2500nm(包括770和2500nm端值在内)的范围内测得的总反射率值至少为7000。
在另一个方面中,本发明提供一种非白色建筑表面,该非白色建筑表面包括:无机的非金属基底、第一反射涂层和第二反射涂层,所述第一反射涂层在所述基底的外表面的至少一部分上,该带涂层的基底表现出至少约25%的最小直射日光反射率值;所述第二反射涂层在所述第一反射涂层的至少一部分上,其中,所述第一反射涂层和所述第二反射涂层的组合使得该基底具有以下性质中的至少一种:(i)在770到2500nm的波长范围内的基本所有点上的反射率至少为约20%,和(ii)在770到2500nm(包括770和2500nm端值在内)的范围内测得的总反射率值至少为7000。本发明一个方面的优点为提供具有反射太阳能的性质的建筑基底。建筑基底的例子包括屋顶板和瓦。根据下面对本发明的详细说明部分和权利要求书,本发明的其它特点和优点是显而易见的。以上概述并不意味着描述了本发明的每一个示例性实施方案或每一种实施方式。以下的说明部分更具体地描述和举例说明利用本文所公开的原理的某些优选实施方案。
附图说明
图1示出本发明一个实施方案的包括基底、第一涂层和第二涂层的屋顶材料颗粒。
具体实施方式
本发明包括一种非白色建筑表面,该非白色建筑表面包括带涂层的基底,例如那些相对于常规的屋顶材料颗粒提高了太阳光反射率的用于屋顶材料中的颗粒。通过首先给基底颗粒提供反射性的底漆或底涂层,然后在底涂层上用包含非白色颜料的第二涂料提供第二涂层,来获得提高的反射率。在一些实施方案中,颜料可能提高了在太阳光谱的近红外线(NIR)(700-2500nm)部分上的反射率。在一些实施方案中,基底为无机的、非金属的。虽然在整个说明书中提及的是屋顶材料颗粒,但是可将底涂层和外涂层布置在其它建筑物表面上,如玻璃、瓦(如粘土瓦或混凝土瓦)、屋顶物质、混凝土、岩石,所述材料可以是(但不必是)颗粒状的。
已经发现,相对于具有单一涂层的类似可见颜色的颗粒,由涂有反射性底漆或底涂层和含非白色颜料的第二涂层或外涂层的基矿(base mineral)构成的屋顶材料颗粒提高了太阳光的反射率。在一些实施方案中,在所感兴趣的波长处所得到的反射率超过至少20%。至少25%的太阳光反射率值满足由美国环境保护局(EPA)提出的题为“Energy Star”项目下的目前太阳光反射率标准。短语“太阳光反射率”和“直射日光反射率”在本申请中可互换地使用。EPA允许制造商对于那些符合某些能量规格的屋顶材料产品使用标志“EnergyStar”。该“Energy Star”标志是置于屋顶材料产品的理想标志。在一些实施方案中,本发明使用与以前的着色剂相比提高了太阳光谱的NIR部分的反射率的有色颜料。NIR占太阳入射能的约50-60%。提高太阳光谱NIR部分的反射率,在能量效率方面会产生显著的效益,从而这种颜料可用于本发明的一些实施方案中。
直射日光反射率是指根据ASTM方法G159中所定义的纵坐标方法(ordinate procedure)的变型计算出的在300到2500nm的波长范围内从垂直于辐射轴的表面上被反射的太阳辐射占被接受的太阳辐射的比值。使用从位于美国加利福尼亚州伯克利市的LawrenceBerkley实验室承索可得到的电子数据表,在感兴趣的范围内以5nm为间隔计算内插的辐照度数据,所述电子数据表组合了根据ASTM方法G159获得的在大气质量1.5的法向直射和半球向日射辐的辐照度(Solar Irradiance Air Mass1.5)数据。使用5nm间隔数据通过将单个的辐照度除以300到2500nm的总辐照度来得到加权因子。然后,将加权因子乘以按5nm间隔得到的实验反射率数据,从而得到在这些波长处的直射日光反射率。
总反射率值是指在770到2500nm范围内(包括770和2500nm端值在内)以5nm间隔测得的各离散的反射率百分比数值的总和。
CIELAB为由CIE在1976年所采用的两个系统中的第二个,这两个系统作为在数值上更好地表示均匀色空间的模型。CIELAB为基于Richard Hunter较早(1942年)提出的被称为L,a,b系统的对立色系统。色彩对立(color opposition)与20世纪六十年代中期的发现相关联,所述发现即为:在视觉神经和脑之间的某处,视网膜的彩色刺激被转换为明和暗、红色和绿色、蓝色和黄色之间的区别。CIELAB用三个轴表示这些数值:L*、a*和b*。(全名为1976CIE L*a*b*Space)。中心纵轴表示亮度(用L*表示),其数值为0(黑色)到100(白色)。色轴是基于颜色不能同时为红色和绿色或同时为蓝色和黄色的事实,因为这些颜色彼此对立。在每个轴上,数值从正的到负的。在a-a′轴上,正值表示红色的量,而负值表示绿色的量。在b-b′轴上,黄色为正,蓝色为负。在这两个轴上,零都为中性灰色。
对于本申请的应用,具有落入以下方程式所定义的倒圆锥体内的颜色的制品为白色,而具有超出该圆锥体范围的颜色的制品为非白色:
-(L*)+[((L0 *)+(y(a*)^2+z(b*)^2)^0.5)/x]≤0
其中L0 *=67,x=1.05,y=1.0,z=1.0,并且L*、a*和b*的值根据CIE L*a*b*刻度定义。
对应于白色的色空间值靠近纵轴L*落入该圆锥体中,没有强烈的颜色,如其在a*和b*轴的任一个轴或两者上的小位移所示,并且具有比较高的亮度,如由大于L0 *的L*所示。L0 *为圆锥体的顶点。
现在参考图1,示出了用于非白色建筑表面的日光反射式屋顶材料颗粒(1)的实施方案。在基底(2)的表面的至少一部分上涂敷第一反射涂层(3),在这个实施方案中,基底为基材屋顶材料颗粒。在第一反射涂层(3)的至少一部分上涂敷第二反射涂层(4)。虽然在本发明的大多数实施方案中涂层优选为连续的,但是在任意一个涂层或两个涂层中偶然存在空隙在某些方面是可以接受的,例如当整个带涂层的建筑表面具有必要的反射性质时。还可以使用附加层。
在本发明的一个方面中,用作底涂层(或底漆涂层)的优选颜料为二氧化钛(TiO2)。适用于底涂层的其它颜料包括V-9415和V-9416(得自位于美国俄亥俄州克利夫兰市的Ferro公司)和黄195(得自位于美国俄亥俄州辛辛那提市的Shepherd Color公司),所有这些颜料都被认为是黄色颜料。底漆涂层可为使得所得到的层表现出至少约25%的最小直射日光反射率的任何颜色。
在一些实施方案中,第二涂层或最外涂层包含那些具有较高的NIR反射率的颜料。适用于该涂层的颜料包括上面所述的那些颜料以及“10415金黄”、“10411金黄”、“10364棕”、“10201隐色黑”、“V-780IR棕黑”、“10241森林绿”、“V-9248蓝”、“V-9250亮蓝”、“F-5686蓝绿(Turquoise)”、“10202隐色黑”、“V-13810红”、“V-12600IR钴绿”、“V-12650Hi IR绿”、“V-778IR棕黑”、“V-799黑”和“10203隐色蓝黑”(得自Ferro公司);和黄193、棕156、棕8、棕157、绿187B、绿223、蓝424、黑411、黑10C909(得自Shepherd Color公司)。这些颜料也可用于底涂层中。
本发明所得到的带涂层的颗粒在颜色上为非白色。那些太阳光反射率为人们所接受的白色颗粒却得不到市场的广泛接受。
涂敷本发明颗粒的方法在美国专利No.6,238,794和No.5,411,803中有大体的描述。用于本发明颗粒的基底为无机的。无机基底可选自岩石、矿物或再循环物质中的任一种。岩石和矿物的例子包括玄武岩、辉绿岩、辉长岩、厚层泥岩、流纹岩、英安岩、安粗岩、安山岩、绿岩、花岗岩、石英砂、板岩、霞石正长岩、石英或矿渣(再循环物质)。
优选地,无机材料被破碎为直径约300微米(μm)到约1800μm的颗粒。
用于在底涂层或底漆涂层中以及第二涂层或外涂层中提供颜料的涂料除颜料之外可具有基本上相同的组分。涂料由颜料、碱金属硅酸盐、铝硅酸盐和可任选的硼酸盐化合物的含水浆料形成。碱金属硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐起到无机粘结剂的作用并且是涂料的主要成分。作为主要成分,该材料的含量大于任何其它组分的含量,在一些实施方案中,该材料在涂料中的含量至少为约50体积%。由这种浆料形成的涂层通常本质上被认为是陶瓷质的。
硅酸钠水溶液由于其可用性和经济性而成为优选的碱金属硅酸盐,但是也可以全部或部分地用等效材料如硅酸钾替代。碱金属硅酸盐可表示为M2O∶SiO2,其中M表示碱金属如钠(Na)、钾(K)、钠和钾的混合物等等。SiO2与M2O的重量比优选为约1.4∶1到约3.75∶1。在一些实施方案中,根据要生产的颗粒材料的颜色,特别优选的比值为约2.75∶1和约3.22∶1,在生产浅色颗粒时优选前者,当希望深色颗粒时优选后者。
所用的铝硅酸盐优选为由式Al2Si2O5(OH)4表示的粘土。另一个优选的铝硅酸盐为高岭土Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O及其通过风化(高岭石)、适度加热(地开石)或通过深成方法(珍珠陶土)形成的衍生物。粘土的粒径对于本发明不是决定性的;然而,优选的是,粘土包含不超过约0.5%的粗粒子(直径大于约0.002毫米的粒子)。用于本发明颗粒的陶瓷涂层中的其它可市售的、有用的铝硅酸盐粘土为已知得自位于美国马里兰州哥伦比亚市的Grace Davison公司的商品名为“Dover”和得自位于美国康涅狄格州纽卡纳安镇的Unimin公司的商品名为“Sno-brite”的铝硅酸盐。
当包含硼酸盐化合物时,每kg基底颗粒中硼酸盐化合物的含量至少为约0.5g,但是优选不超过约3g。优选的硼酸盐化合物为以Borax商品名可得的硼酸钠(得自位于美国加利福尼亚州Valencia市的美国Borax公司);然而,可使用其它硼酸盐,如硼酸锌、氟硼酸钠、四硼酸钠五水合物、高硼酸钠四水合物、偏硼酸钙六水合物、五硼酸钾、四硼酸钾及其混合物。另一种硼酸盐化合物为通过将废硼硅酸盐玻璃加热到足以使玻璃脱水的温度所得到的硼硅酸钠。
将无机基底颗粒在旋转窑或等效装置中预热到约125-140℃的温度范围,然后用浆料涂布这些无机基底颗粒以形成多个涂有浆料的无机颗粒。闪蒸去水,并将颗粒的温度降低到约50-70℃的范围。然后在足以形成多个涂有陶瓷的无机颗粒的温度下将涂有浆料的颗粒加热一段时间。通常,将涂有浆料的颗粒优选在约400℃到约530℃的温度下加热约1到约10分钟的时间。本领域技术人员应该知道,在较高的温度下可使用较短的时间。热量通常并优选来自于燃料(如烃类气或油)的燃烧。所需的颗粒颜色可能稍微受燃烧条件(时间、温度、氧气的百分含量、燃烧气体等)的影响。
然后以类似的方式涂敷第二涂层或外涂层。
可使用本发明的颗粒生产含沥青的板材如屋顶板。屋顶板通常包含诸如毡、玻璃纤维等之类的材料。应用饱和剂或浸渍剂如沥青对于完全渗透毡或玻璃纤维基材是必不可少的。通常,在已浸透的基材上涂敷防水或抗水的涂料如沥青,然后在该防水/抗水涂料上面涂敷矿物颗粒面层,从而得到常规的屋顶板。
提供以下实施例,以进一步说明本发明的各个方面。这些实施例并不意味着以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例
材料
在实施例中使用以下材料:
硅酸钠溶液(39.4%的固体,SiO2与Na2O的比为2.75),得自位于美国宾夕法尼亚州福吉谷村的PQ公司。
高岭粘土(得自位于美国康涅狄格州纽卡纳安镇的Unimin公司的SnobriteTM,典型组成:45.5%SiO2,38.0%Al2O3,1.65%TiO2以及少量的Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、K2O和Na2O)。
硼砂(硼酸钠,5摩尔,典型组成:21.7%Na2O,48.8%B2O3,和29.5%H2O),得自位于美国加利福尼亚州Boron市的美国Borax公司。
二氧化钛(TronoxCR-800,典型组成:95%TiO2,氧化铝处理的),得自位于美国密西西比州Hamilton市的Kerr-McGee公司。
颜料(10411金黄,10241森林绿,V-3810红,V-9250亮蓝),得自位于美国俄亥俄州克利夫兰市的Ferro公司。
等级#11的未带涂层的屋顶材料颗粒(石英安粗岩/英安斑岩)(得自位于美国明尼苏达州圣保罗市的3M公司),规格范围如下(按照ASTM D451):
表1
保留的百分比 | |||||
US筛号 | 公称开孔 | 最小 | 最大 | 目标 | 典型值 |
8 | 2.36mm | 0 | 0.1 | - | - |
12 | 1.70mm | 4 | 10 | 8 | - |
16 | 1.18mm | 30.0* | 45.0* | - | 37.5 |
20 | 850μm | 25.0* | 35.0* | - | 30 |
30 | 600μm | 15.0* | 25.0* | - | 20 |
40 | 425μm | 2.0* | 9.0* | - | 5.5 |
-40 | -425μm | 0 | 2 | 1 | - |
*典型范围
试验方法1
使用配备有PELA-1000积分球附件的Perkin Elmer Lambda900分光光度计进行反射率测量。这个球的直径为150mm(6英寸),并且符合1991年ASTM出版的“ASTM Standards on Color andAppearance Measurement”(第三版)中收录的ASTM方法E903、D1003和E308。在250-2500nm光谱范围内测量光漫反射率(DLR)。UV-可见光积分设为0.44秒。狭缝宽度为4nm。使用“陷波器(trap)”来消除由镜面反射率所产生的问题。
用位于样品前或标准白板前的清洁的、光学上平坦的熔融二氧化硅(石英)板进行所有的测量。将直径约50mm和深度约10mm的杯子用要表征的颗粒填充。
试验方法2
使用配备有样品容器的Labscan XE分光光度计(得自位于美国弗吉尼亚州雷斯顿区的Hunter Associates实验室)和使用横动辊(traversing roller)来测量L*a*b*颜色,使用横动辊是为了确保制备均匀的水平面,以便测量。将支架填充到约5mm的深度以确保测定值是由颗粒产生的。关于样品容器和样品制备的更详细说明,参阅美国专利No.4,582,425。
颗粒涂布方法
在立式混合器中将表2中所示的浆料组分混合。将1000重量份的基底预热到90-95℃,然后在立式或卧式搅拌器中将该基底与所示量的浆料混合。实施例1使用等级#11的未带涂层的屋顶材料颗粒作为基底。实施例2-4使用实施例1中生产的颗粒作为基底。然后将涂有浆料的颗粒在旋转窑(天然气/氧火焰)中烧制,在约10分钟的时间内达到所示的温度。在烧制之后,使颗粒冷却到室温。
实施例1-4
通过颗粒涂布方法1生产实施例1-4,并根据试验方法1和2对实施例1-4进行测试。其结果总结在表3中。
表2
除非另有说明,所列出的量为重量份。
实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
高岭粘土 | 22.5 | 15 | 20 | 20 |
硅酸钠溶液 | 65 | 34 | 40 | 40 |
水 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
CR800二氧化钛 | 8.75 | - | 3 | 0.8 |
10241森林绿 | - | 14 | - | 1.6 |
10411金黄 | - | 1.2 | 4 | - |
V-13810红 | - | - | 0.2 | - |
V-9250亮蓝 | - | - | - | 0.6 |
硼砂 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - |
每1000份中的浆料份数 | 57.1 | 40.1 | 41.6 | 39.0 |
最终烧制温度 | 470℃ | 460℃ | 460℃ | 460℃ |
表3
实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
直射日光反射率(%) | 30 | 27 | 34 | 30 |
L* | 68.75 | 55.90 | 64.40 | 62.63 |
a* | -0.46 | -8.62 | 5.96 | -5.32 |
b* | 1.27 | 12.45 | 26.06 | 2.29 |
最小反射率(770-2500nm) | 20.53% | 29.07% | 23.83% | 20.21% |
总反射率值 | 8560 | 12078 | 10659 | 9686 |
虽然已经参考优选实施方案描述了本发明,但是本领域技术人员应该认识到,在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可对形式和细节进行改变。
Claims (21)
1.一种非白色建筑表面,该非白色建筑表面包括:
基底;
第一反射涂层,其在所述基底的外表面的至少一部分上;所述带涂层的基底表现出至少约25%的最小直射日光反射率值;和
第二反射涂层,其在所述第一反射涂层的至少一部分上,其中,所述第一反射涂层和所述第二反射涂层的组合使得该基底在770到2500nm的波长范围内的基本所有点上的反射率至少为约20%。
2.权利要求1所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述第一反射涂层包含无机粘结剂。
3.权利要求2所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述无机粘结剂为所述涂层的主要成分。
4.权利要求1所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述第二反射涂层包含无机粘结剂。
5.权利要求1所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述基底包含选自瓦、混凝土、玻璃和岩石的材料,所述材料可任选为颗粒状的。
6.权利要求1所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述基底包括颗粒并还包括支撑所述颗粒的基片,所述基片为屋顶板的形式。
7.一种非白色建筑表面,该非白色建筑表面包括:
基底;
第一反射涂层,其在所述基底的外表面的至少一部分上,该带涂层的基底表现出至少约25%的最小直射日光反射率值;和
第二反射涂层,其在所述第一反射涂层的至少一部分上,其中,所述第一反射涂层和所述第二反射涂层的组合使得该基底在包括770和2500nm端值在内的770到2500nm的范围内测得的总反射率值至少为约7,000。
8.权利要求7所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述第一反射涂层包含无机粘结剂。
9.权利要求7所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述无机粘结剂为所述涂层的主要成分。
10.权利要求7所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述第二反射涂层包含无机粘结剂。
11.权利要求7所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述基底包含选自瓦、混凝土、玻璃和岩石的材料,所述材料可任选地为颗粒状的。
12.权利要求7所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述基底包括颗粒并还包括支持所述颗粒的基片,所述基片为屋顶板的形式。
13.一种产生非白色建筑表面的方法,该方法包括:
将第一涂层溶液涂敷到基底外表面的至少一部分上;
使所述第一涂层溶液固化成第一反射涂层,从而形成带涂层的基底,所述第一反射涂层表现出至少约25%的最小直射日光反射率值;
将第二涂层溶液涂敷到在所述带涂层的基底的至少一部分上;和
使所述第二涂层溶液固化成第二反射涂层,其中,所述第一反射涂层和所述第二反射涂层的组合提供以下性质中的至少一种:
(i)在770到2500nm的波长范围内的基本所有点上的反射率至少为约20%;和
(ii)在包括770和2500nm端值在内的770到2500nm的范围内测得的总反射率值至少为7000。
14.权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述基底包含瓦、混凝土、玻璃和岩石,所述材料可任选地为颗粒状的。
15.权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述第一涂层溶液或所述第二涂层溶液或者两者包含作为所述涂层的主要成分的无机粘结剂。
16.一种非白色建筑表面,该非白色建筑表面包括:
无机的非金属基底;
第一反射涂层,其在所述基底的外表面的至少一部分上,该带涂层的基底表现出至少约25%的最小直射日光反射率值;和
第二反射涂层,其在所述第一反射涂层的至少一部分上,其中,所述第一反射涂层和所述第二反射涂层的组合使得该基底具有以下性质中的至少一种:(i)在770到2500nm的波长范围内的基本所有点上的反射率至少为约20%;和(ii)在包括770和2500nm端值在内的770到2500nm的范围内测得的总反射率值至少为7000。
17.权利要求16所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述第一反射涂层包含无机粘结剂。
18.权利要求17所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述无机粘结剂为所述涂层的主要成分。
19.权利要求16所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述第二反射涂层包含无机粘结剂。
20.权利要求16所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述基底包含选自瓦、混凝土、玻璃和岩石的材料,所述材料可任选地为颗粒状的。
21.权利要求16所述的非白色建筑表面,其中,所述基底包括颗粒并还包括支持所述颗粒的基片,所述基片为屋顶板的形式。
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- 2004-08-05 WO PCT/US2004/025293 patent/WO2005040520A1/en active Application Filing
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CN113147112A (zh) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-07-23 | 埃米尔·夏伊·卢蒂安 | 地下无窗侧防水片材膜及其制作和使用方法 |
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CA2541884C (en) | 2012-07-17 |
US7648755B2 (en) | 2010-01-19 |
US7455899B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 |
US20100047580A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
US20090047474A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
WO2005040520A1 (en) | 2005-05-06 |
US20050074580A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
MXPA06003780A (es) | 2006-06-23 |
US7919170B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 |
CN100549341C (zh) | 2009-10-14 |
CA2541884A1 (en) | 2005-05-06 |
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