CN1857046A - Method for integrated repairing alkali spot soil by furfural slag and Atriplex hortensis - Google Patents
Method for integrated repairing alkali spot soil by furfural slag and Atriplex hortensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN1857046A CN1857046A CN 200610016933 CN200610016933A CN1857046A CN 1857046 A CN1857046 A CN 1857046A CN 200610016933 CN200610016933 CN 200610016933 CN 200610016933 A CN200610016933 A CN 200610016933A CN 1857046 A CN1857046 A CN 1857046A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to soil improvement method, and is especially method for repairing alkali spot soil with furfural slag and Atriplex hortensis. Furfural slag as a kind of acid biomass contains rich organic matter, humic acid, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and trace elements essential for plant to grow and has excellent effect of lowering soil pH value, activating calcium and magnesium salt and improving soil physical and chemical properties. The present invention repairs alkali spot soil through turning over soil, adding furfural slag, banking, leaching, seeding Atriplex hortensis, field management and other steps. The present invention has the advantages of environment friendship, low cost, fast effect, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a soil improvement method, is specifically related to the restorative procedure in alkaline spot bare area and salinization of soil soil.
Background technology
Mostly the anion salinity is the mixing of soda, chloride and sulphate in the alkaline land soil, wherein is mainly soda (NaCO
3, NaHCO
3), accounting for 80% ~ 90% of anion salinity total amount, the content of chloride and sulphate is all very low.The alkalization of soils degree is big, pH value about 10.The cation salinity mainly is Na
+And K
+, account for about 90% of cation total amount.The soluble sodium ion can be poisoned making deposits yields physiology, and the percentage of seedgermination of crop is reduced, and growth of seedling is bad, and makes the maturing stage postponement etc. of blooming.The replaceable high price ions such as calcium ion that go out on the soil colloid of exchangeable sodium ion, making soil colloid is colloidal sol by gel conversion.The increase of exchangeable sodium ion causes the diffuse double layer thickness of colloid and electro kinetic potential to increase in the soil colloid, and clay expansion, dispersed increase, soil aggregate stability are reduced, and causes soil macropore and fine pore avalanche.The avalanche of soil pore space hinders the motion of gas and moisture, and the soil aeration water penetration is descended, so that soil mire, hard when doing when wet, and plant can't survive.
The main method of administering the alkaline spot bare area at present has following several:
(1) sandy soil pressure alkali is a main method of improvement saline-alkali soil, and in long-term solodization process, people sum up the experience of " the husky alkali of pressing is matched golden plate ".After sand mixes saline-alkali soil, changed soil structure, promoted the formation of granular structure, strengthened soil permeability, the water salt direction of motion is changed, under the effect of rainwater, salinity from the topsoil leaching to dark soil layer.The enhancing of granular structure increases the water conservation of soil, storage capacity, has reduced surface evaporation, has suppressed salinity and has moved upward, thereby the topsoil salinization and alkalization is reduced.For the alkaline spot bare area then is the purpose that reaches improvement with the method for direct laying sandy soil.
This method mainly is by soil removal and replacement improvement, expends a large amount of human, financial, and material resources power, and destroys sandy soil district's natural situation and view, is unsuitable for large tracts of land or away from the improvement of the alkaline spot bare area in sandy soil district.
(2) take the method for gypsum improvement, promptly on the saline land by using the purpose that chemical substance reaches improvement.Gypsum improvement saline-alkali soil mainly is the effect of calcium ion, and the sodium, the magnesium ion that adsorb on the displacement soil colloid make sodium hydrophilic colloid become calcareous hydrophobic colloid, thereby improved soil structure and permeability, the Na in the soil
2CO
3Replaced into CaCO by calcium ion
3And NaSO
4Thereby, effectively reduce the alkalescence of soil, eliminated the murder by poisoning of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate to plant.After gypsum is handled, the saline-alkali soil chemical property be improved significantly.
The solubility salinity increases in the soil solution but make behind the adding gypsum, if impeded drainage can be stranded in the soil solution in a large number.And gypsum also can reduce the availability of nutriments such as P, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn, so chemical modifying need cooperate drip washing or other physical measure together to use.And gypsum cost height, improvement the having high input of saline land, influence is applied.
(3) improve saline-alkali soil with withered grass, soil structure is changed, it is loose that quality becomes, and gas permeability and storage capacity increase.The main also field improvement method of withered grass that adopts, promptly the method that using artificial is set up litter layer on the saline land reaches the purpose of improvement.Withered grass consists of the withered straw of average length 5cm, withered standing grain herbaceous weed etc., with it with after by fermentation farm organic fertilizer material such as dried cow dung fully mix according to 1: 1 ratio, be applied directly on the saline land, and turn over rake and fully mix, turn over the rake degree of depth 0～20cm with soil.
Because developing rapidly of livestock breeding cause the forage grass shortage, also need be with the insufficient section of supplement feeds such as tangerine bar, thereby almost not can be used as the grass cultivation resource of alkaline spot bare area improvement; And process the withered straw of average length 5cm, withered standing grain herbaceous weed etc. and need drop into manpower, equipment, cost is higher.
(4) utilize ecological engineering method plantation wild barley to improve saline-alkali bare land in the heavy salinizedization meadow, be applicable to the quick planting of perennial vegetation of saline-alkali bare land in the heavy salinizedization meadow, northeast.Can make in the heavy salinizedization meadow saline-alkali bare land perennial plant that grows apace; increase vegetation cover degree; improve soil physico-chemical property; reduce saline-alkali bare land wind erosion and water erosion effect the extent of injury to contiguous meadow and farmland; the protection and improve the ecological environment; simultaneously make that again large-area saline-alkali bare land is utilized, provide high quality forage, produce higher economic and social benefit for livestock breeding already develops.
Wild barley mainly is distributed on the saline land of low humidity, is suitable for pH value 8.5 ~ 9.5 alkalescences or moderate saline-alkali soil.This test is found: in the high pH of pH10.3, salinity 11.37g/kg, high Na environment, be subjected to the stronger effect of coercing, plant individual short and small thin and weak, biomass is little.Because of it yields poorly, also uneconomical as the forage grass plant planting.And wild barley belongs to salt-tolerant plant, and far away from the polysalt plant, the poly-effect of the table of its root system can make soil salt raise on the contrary, is unfavorable for the improvement of soil physico-chemical property to the absorption and accumulation of salinity.
(5) utilize the quick planting ecological engineering technology of vegetation to transform saline-alkali bare land in the meadow.Promptly maize straw section youngster cuttage in saline-alkali bare land, and broadcast sowing the perennial plant seed at cuttage maize straw place.The cuttage maize straw is tackled therophytes speedwell seed effectively, and simultaneously stalk decomposes and discharges nutriment, and the physicochemical property of improving the soil reaches and forms annual speedwell grass spot apace at cuttage maize straw place.And careless spot further improves soil condition, for settling down of perennial plant sheep's hay and alkali thatch provides growing environment.When a plurality of careless spots constantly enlarge simultaneously, interconnect, thereby the meadow that can apace saline-alkali bare land be reverted to the vegetation covering is utilized.
Stalk is the resource that multiple development and utilization measure is arranged, and can be used to carry out feed processing, as: straw is compressed into the block feed of high density, also can carries out various ways such as gasifying stalk and the exploitation of the stalk raw material of industry and produce high value added product.If, can stitch the seed that dams with the spade sled in the alkaline spot bare area in order to tackle the speedwell kind effectively; If, can reach this purpose with organic waste residues of biomass in order to improve soil physico-chemical property, and can open up organic waste residues the resource approach, save stalk resource, make stalk create more high value added product.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly reduce its salinization and alkalization and salt content, improve soil structure, increase the method for the practicable reparation alkaline spot of soil nutrient bare area.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to utilize furfural dregs and the integrated reparation alkaline spot of mountain spinach bare area.Furfural dregs is the acid organic waste residues of biomass of industrial chemicals furfural production process discharging, because it is rich in organic matter, and humic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other necessary for plant growth trace element are all very high, can improve organic matter and soil nutrient content rapidly.The raising of the soil organic matter has reduced the bulk density of soil, soil density; Increased soil porosity, increased soil permeability, prevented that the face of land from hardening, and then improved water retention capacity.The organic acid that produces in the acidic materials that furfural dregs contains, humic acid and the organic matter decomposition process can effectively reduce soil pH value, basicity, and activation calcium magnesium salts helps the release of substitutional ion and various nutrients.The ion-exchange capacity that humic acid is stronger, surperficial suction-operated and cohesion peptization, to the structure of improving the soil, the increase gas permeability of soil, improving soil physico-chemical property all has good effect.Utilize furfural dregs to participate in repair process as biomass resource, obvious environment benefit but also can reduce the rehabilitation cost of alkaline spot bare area greatly not only, and developed the new approach that effectively utilizes for waste resource.
Mountain spinach (Atriplex hortensis L.) belongs to Chenopodiaceae (Chenopodiacea) Atriplex (Atriplex L.).Plant is tall and big, about 60 ~ 200cm (relevant) with the soil environment condition, and blade is meat slightly.Because of big, the poly-sodium ability of its biomass is strong, be fabulous saline land rehabilitation plant.This plant belongs to the true halophytes of mesophyll materialization, and the salt ion of the true halophytes of mesophyll materialization is accumulated in the vacuole of blade carnification tissue and chlorenchyma; And the close living salt-secreting gland in cauline leaf surface, also be a kind of can with in the body too much salinity excrete secrete the salt plant.Because of having this two kinds of characteristics simultaneously, at absorption and accumulation salinity (sodium ion is had characteristic absorption) in a large number in vegetative period.Root system of plant can stop the gathering of salinity to the face of land by absorbing a large amount of moisture; Flourishing root system has increased noncapillary poropsity and permeance property, suppresses soil water evaporation, reduces salinity with moving on the moisture; Axis, leaf also can reduce soil evaporation to the closing on ground, form the barrier that moves on the salinity.Can effectively reduce soil salt by this plant process, further improve soil condition, settling down for other plant provides growing environment, and the alkaline spot bare area is reverted to the alkali ground that vegetation covers, and realizes the purpose of ecological recovery.Treat to cut off immediately after its maturation, salinity in the soil can be removed.
Method by furfural dregs and the integrated reparation alkaline spot of mountain spinach bare area is improved the regional alkaline spot bare area of heavy salinizedization soil compaction, permeability is poor, the content of organic matter is extremely low, and situations such as no vegetation promote the cohesion of soil colloid and the formation of granular structure.Utilize the absorption and accumulation of mountain spinach to salinity, especially to the characteristic absorption ability of sodium ion in the soil solution, the reduction root system can reach the position soil salt, improve soil condition, invades and settle down for slight salt-tolerant plant to create conditions; Recover bio-diversity gradually, improve vegetation cover degree, promote the ecological recovery of alkaline spot bare area; Prevent that alkaline spot from spreading, slow down the deterioration of the ecological environment, avoid salinization of soil that commodity grain base, grassland are constituted a threat to.Secondly also can solve SO in the flue gas that furfural dregs brings for coal combustion as boiler oil
2The atmospheric pollution that severe overweight causes, stack environment and social concerns such as soil that the rainwater leaching brings and groundwater contamination naturally, bring certain indirect economic effect to enterprise.
The present invention realizes by following steps:
(1) plough and earlier the alkaline spot bare area is turned over one time, dark 15 ~ 20cm, it is stiff not stay, and claps broken clod;
(2) mix above slag evenly is layered on furfural dregs, the alkaline earth of 0 ~ 15cm degree of depth and furfural dregs are mixed, rake by turning over rake.Every mu applies furfural dregs 850-1250kg;
(3) the ridging alkaline spot bare area of mixing behind the slag is got ridge as required, is convenient to man-made irrigation, sowing and field management etc.;
(4) leaching is mixed slag, the alkaline spot bare area after mixing, raking needs can sow after next day through the natural precipitation (can remove man-made irrigation from, reduce the input of manpower, material resources and financial resources) or the leaching of manually spraying;
(5) sowing is raised the mountain spinach seed equably and is broadcast on the furrow face, gently harrows earthing with rake, gently steps on a suppression with pin again.The mountain spinach seeding quantity is about 6-10kg/ha;
(6) the after planting timely fence envelope of field management is educated, and prevents that livestock from entering trample, gnawing.
After applying furfural dregs, soil physico-chemical property and soil structure be can improve, the soil organic matter and nutrient content improved.Potted plant experiment shows: the furfural dregs sowing amount is about at 6% o'clock (being equivalent to mix 1000 kilograms/mu of slags in 0 ~ 15cm degree of depth), and organic content is brought up to 86.06g/kg, increases more than 641.9%; Humic acid content is brought up to 13.18g/kg, increases more than 778.7%; N content is brought up to 0.5459g/kg, increases by 35.8%; P content is brought up to 0.3262g/kg, increases by 4.16%; K
+Content is 0.2037g/kg, reduces by 45.58%.
Significant change also takes place in pH and salinity.PH reduces to 9, reduces by 1.5 units; CO
3 2-Complete obiteration reduces by 100%; HCO
3 -Content is reduced to 2.214g/kg, reduces by 2.51%; Cl
-Content is brought up to 0.3570g/kg, increases by 95.62%; SO
4 2-Content is brought up to 2.696g/kg, increases by 197.637%.Cl in the soil
-To reducing the pH value certain effect is arranged, and Cl
-Content is in the tolerance range of plant; SO
4 2-Being the main existence form of element sulphur in the soil, can promoting plant growing, is the indispensable element of plant growing.Na
+Content is brought up to 2.1g/kg, increases by 37.08%; Ca
2+Content is brought up to 0.364g/kg, increases by 651.29%; Mg
2+Content is reduced to 0.119g/kg, reduces by 42.60%.Also showed increased of soluble cation salinity in the soil, solubility Na
+Raising help plant absorbing and rainwater leaching; Ca
2+Raising can improve soil structure and permeability, play desalination and press down the effect of the salt accumulation of salt in the surface soil, these all can promote the improvement of soil physico-chemical property.
Field result shows, mix slag after alkaline spot bare area physical behavior be greatly improved, the one, the increase of the soil organic matter changes soil aggregate, it is loose that quality becomes, THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SOILS unit weight descends; The 2nd, improved the permeability of soil, increased air content, the gas permeability of soil is thoroughly improved, and has solved seed and can not sprout and rotten problem because of anoxic in salinized soil; The 3rd, improved the moisture state of soil, improved water storage, the water retention capacity of soil.Specific gravity of soil is from 2.51g/cm
3Reduce to 1.98g/cm
3, reduce by 21%; Unit weight is from 1.72g/cm
3Reduce to 1.10g/cm
3, reduce by 36%; Porosity is brought up to 44.84g/cm from 31.58
3, increase by 42%; Air content rises to 25.26%, increase by 153% from 9.97%; Moisture content rises to 20.3%, increase by 92% from 10.59%.
Seedling stage, the density of mountain spinach reached 98 strains/m
2, cover degree reaches 35%, and (spend more, is called for short " De Shi spends more " by 6 grades of systems of general Drude for Copl for many degree.Copl: the quantity of plant is more.), the average plant height of plant is 10.5 (4.6 ~ 17.2) cm.The alkaline spot bare area by integrated reparation after, make the alkaline spot bare area that originally not even a blade of grass grows grow plant, soil physico-chemical property also improves, and for other slight salt-tolerant plant invasion with settle down the condition created; The raising of vegetation at alkali spot, bareground cover degree, the recovery and the stabilization of environment of bio-diversity there is very big facilitation.
This invention has low, the instant effect of cost, and is workable, be easy to promote, and helps advantages such as sustainable development.The environmental economy social benefit:
(1) environment aspect
Improve the physicochemical property of alkaline spot bare area, improve vegetation cover degree, recover bio-diversity gradually, quicken the recovery of saline-alkali land vegetation, ecotope is improved.Also can solve SO in the flue gas that the discharging of furfural mill in the past waste residue brings for coal combustion as boiler oil
2Severe overweight and environmental problem such as the soil that brings of stacking rainwater leaching and groundwater contamination naturally are brought certain indirect economic effect to enterprise.
(2) economic aspect
Mountain spinach (Atriplex hortensis L.) Europe, original producton location, the original work vegetable growing, nutritive value is higher.Because plant is tall and big, the output height, quality better, salt tolerant alkali is commonly used for the forage grass cultivation in recent years.Be mainly used in green grass or young crops and raise, suitable feed cow and pig, ox, sheep are all liked food, and the man chicken in chopping back is also liked to peck at, and is the first-class feed of domestic animal.At present, Jilin Province does not still have the mountain spinach resource, and the introduction of this kind can be Jilin Province's " vegetable basket " superior new varieties are provided, and peasant's extra earning is also had very big impetus.Develop the alkaline spot bare area, can enlarge the effective area of land resources.
(3) social aspect: enforcement of the present invention can be introduced the regenerated resources that have much economic worth, increase the green vegetation coverage rate, also can drive the development of plant husbandry, animal husbandry, food industry, the reasonable disposition of guiding and transfer social resources is for new growth engines is opened up in the economic construction in rural area.
Embodiment
Experimental field be located at the alkaline spot bare area in north, village, Mitsui Zi Zhen pasture, Fuyu County, two sample plots are 5 * 9m
2(wherein another piece of fertilising or not, and all the other steps are identical) establishes contrast ground 3 * 5m
2
For the ease of with salt-tolerant plant, nitrogen-fixing plants relatively, we are except sowing chenopod mountain spinach (Atriplexhoruensis L.), also sowed leguminous plant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), gramineous plants wild barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link).
Before the sowing, carried out the germination test of 3 plant species, the germination rate of wild barley, alfalfa and mountain spinach is all more than 90% in three days.
The field test process is divided into following step and carries out:
(1) mix slag and will experimental field turn over one time earlier, about dark 15 ~ 20cm, do not stay stiff, clap broken clod.According to potted plant experimental result, the sowing amount of furfural dregs is 6% then.The even spreading of furfural dregs on the alkaline spot bare area, is turned over rake gently the alkaline earth of 0 ~ 15cm degree of depth and furfural dregs are mixed evenly, at last the alkaline spot bare area is raked.Every mu of ground applies about furfural dregs 1000kg.
(2) execute farmyard manure (sheep excrement) 500kg/ mu and make base fertilizer.
(3) irrigate leaching mix slag turn over rake evenly after with the thin leveling of alkaline spot bare area rake and around experimental field the folded ridge, carry out man-made irrigation, sowing next day.
(4) the sowing next day of folded ridge in the experimental field, to experimental field be equally divided into three, sow mountain spinach, alfalfa and wild barley respectively, seed is evenly distributed on the furrow face, harrow one time with rake is light again, to plant subcovering with soil, gently step on a suppression with pin then, and contrast ground and experimental field do same processing.Seeding quantity: mountain spinach 8kg/ha; Alfalfa 18kg/ha; Wild barley 24kg/ha.
(5) after field management had experimental field been sowed seed, the high fence of about 1.3m all around in the experimental field prevented that livestock from entering the experimental field trample and gnawing, and sends special messenger's nurse.Note observing, guarding against plague of insects poultry evil during the plant growing.
(6) field inspection is after planting regularly carried out in field inspection, and the upgrowth situation of record plant comprises density, cover degree, plant height, photosynthetic rate and rising intensity; And the interior salinity of biomass, growth indexes, soil and the plant corpus of having measured plant distributes.
The field test observed result
In unmanured experimental field, vegetation growth state is relatively poor, individual slight of stature of plant and insect infestation.This experiment shows the soil fertility deficiency, makes that resistance is poor a little less than the plant growing gesture.
Sow after a spot of sheep excrement (500kg/ mu) is made base fertilizer applying, alfalfa and mountain spinach are emerged in succession after three days, and wild barley was emerged since the 4th day a little later, and vegetation growth state is better.After this alfalfa growing way is slowed down gradually, and the mountain spinach growing way is better, and wild barley takes second place.Through field inspection: mountain spinach grows fine, and it is more even to distribute; Wild barley density is very big, growing way a little less than; Alfalfa density is also bigger, and growing way is the most weak.Remove observation density, cover degree during this period, be outside one's consideration more, also observed the biomass, plant height of plant etc.Though this duration of test has been strengthened management, still to be gnawed regrettably by flock of sheep, seedling stage, the biometric measurement definite value was possible on the low side than real value.
(1) seedling stage plant biomass:
Biomass (the g/m of table 1 test plant
2)
| Alfalfa | Wild barley | Mountain spinach | ||||
| Fresh weight | Dry weight | Fresh weight | Dry weight | Fresh weight | Dry weight | |
| The acrial part under ground portion | 141.96 57.79 | 36.31 17.53 | 55.25 43.29 | 15.22 9.69 | 495.36 103.20 | 93.46 37.34 |
| Add up to | 199.75 | 53.84 | 87.54 | 24.91 | 598.56 | 130.8 |
Table 1 provides the biomass of three plant species acrial parts and under ground portion.As can be seen: mountain spinach acrial part fresh weight is 3.489 times of alfalfa, is 8.966 times of wild barley; Mountain spinach acrial part dry weight is 2.574 times of alfalfa, is 6.141 times of wild barley.Mountain spinach under ground portion fresh weight is 1.786 times of alfalfa, is 2.384 of wild barley; Mountain spinach under ground portion dry weight is 2.130 times of alfalfa; Be 3.853 times of wild barley.The biomass of mountain spinach is much larger than alfalfa and wild barley in three plant species.
(2) salt content in the plant sample in seedling stage:
Cation salinity measurement result (%) in table 2 plant corpus
| Plant | Ca 2+ | Mg 2+ | K + | Na + |
| On the wild barley under the wild barley | 0.274 0.244 | 0.118 0.119 | 1.104 1.518 | 0.409 0.471 |
| On the alfalfa under the alfalfa on the mountain spinach under the mountain spinach | 0.345 0.262 0.334 0.325 | 0.304 0.213 0.333 0.369 | 2.213 1.596 11.53 2.408 | 1.178 0.811 22.62 3.016 |
(annotate: on represent acrial part; Under represent under ground portion.)
That crop seed sprouting, growth of seedling and soil structure are had the greatest impact is Na
+As can be seen from Table 2: mountain spinach is the Na of acrial part, expression under ground portion no matter
+Content all is far longer than alfalfa and wild barley.Mountain spinach acrial part Na
+Content is 19.20 times of alfalfa, is 55.31 times of wild barley; Mountain spinach under ground portion Na
+Content is 3.72 times of alfalfa, is 6.403 times of wild barley.This result shows that mountain spinach is to repair the desirable plants that the alkaline spot bare area reduces soil salt.
Mountain spinach has certain reviviscence, carries out cradling the first time when plant height 60 ~ 70cm, and aftergrass can cradle during up to 50 ~ 60cm.As cradle too lately, and plant looks too high, though output is high, the leaf biomass significantly reduces.By regularly cradling, the salinity that plant can be absorbed from soil is removed.
(3) the pH value of soil specimen:
PH value variation test result in the soil specimen behind table 3 kind of the plant
| pH | The top layer | The middle level |
| Background values sample value alfalfa wild barley mountain spinach | 10.35 10.26 10.06 10.13 9.92 | 10.25 10.17 9.28 9.78 9.80 |
Table 3 is as can be seen: the experimental field adds furfural dregs behind leaching, the sowing test plant.Through the integrated reparation of furfural dregs and plant, the pH of topsoil and middle level soil all decreases.It seems that generally the reduction of middle level soil is obvious slightly, organic acid, enzyme such as the citric acid that root system of plant discharges in soil, malic acid and the root cap cell that comes off and residual root system reduce the pH value certain effect, help the activity of edaphon, promote the dissolving of nutriments such as P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn, increase soil fertility.
The reduction of the experimental field topsoil pH of plantation mountain spinach is the most obvious, just reduces by 0.43 pH unit seedling stage, and middle level soil pH reduces by 0.45; Middle level, the experimental field soil pH of plantation alfalfa reduces at most, reduce by 0.97 unit, and topsoil pH only reduces by 0.29.On the integral body, mountain spinach has certain effect to reducing pH, in, the pH value of topsoil all drops to below 10.
(4) nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in the soil specimen:
N, P and the organic test result that changes in the soil specimen behind table 4 kind of the plant
| N | P | Organic | ||||
| The top layer | The middle level | The top layer | The middle level | The top layer | The middle level | |
| Background values sample value clover wild barley mountain spinach | 0.166 0.311 0.327 0.254 0.256 | 0.195 0.204 0.28 0.28 0.283 | 0.254 0.357 0.338 0.277 0.269 | 0.223 0.279 0.312 0.295 0.291 | 3.246 33.03 29.92 27.37 27.79 | 3.527 32.45 41.96 38.93 33.09 |
Nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter are the important indicators of weighing soil fertility.The content of N, P and organic matter is very low in the soil of the preceding experimental field of experiment, three all corresponding risings of index (seeing Table 4) behind the adding furfural dregs, and wherein organic matter has improved nearly 10 times, and this is because contain a large amount of organic matters in the furfural dregs, can effectively improve soil property.After plant effect in seedling stage, BC soil nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter generally are higher than the top layer, this with nutrient component with irrigate and the leaching of rainwater moves down and the table of root system of plant gather act on relevant.
(5) soluble cation salinity in the soil specimen:
Soluble cation distribution (g/kg) in the soil after the integrated reparation of table 5
| The top layer | The middle level | |||||||
| Ca 2+ | Mg 2+ | Na + | K + | Ca 2+ | Mg 2+ | Na + | K + | |
| Background values sample value mountain spinach | 2.391 2.164 2.054 | 0.586 0.518 0.515 | 1.997 1.878 1.825 | 2.424 2.352 2.357 | 2.092 2.084 1.807 | 0.508 0.519 0.412 | 2.025 1.915 1.84 | 2.395 2.273 2.346 |
By above data as can be seen: though plant seedling stage biomass very low, to the repairing effect of salinity still clearly, it mainly is due to the rainwater leaching promotes that salinity moves down in the soil that surface soil salinity reduces reason; The BC soil salinity reduces then relevant with the root system of plant absorption.Plant is through seedling growth, Na in the soil
+, Ca
2+Reduction apparent in view, reduce by 8.876%, 13.87% respectively.The root system activity of plant can activate CaCO in the soil
3And quicken its dissolving, sufficient Ca is provided
2+With the Na on the replacement soil colloid
+, promote soil aggregate to recover, thereby the Ca in the soil solution
2+Content reduces; Na in the soil
+Minimizing be the acting in conjunction of plant absorbing accumulation and rainwater leaching.K in the soil
+, Mg
2+Also descend to some extent, absorption and accumulation and rainwater leaching that visible phytoremediation helps salinity have quickened the soil desalination.
By application example, mountain spinach output height, biomass are big as can be seen for we, and can gather in more than 2 batches every year.The salinity of accumulation vegetation period of can removing by cradling ripe plant, the content of salinity in the reduction soil.
Characteristics such as the distinctive biomass of mountain spinach is big, the polysalt ability is strong show that it is containing huge alkaline spot bare area reparative potential, are to repair the desirable plants that the alkaline spot bare area reduces soil salt, and west area, Jilin Province ecological recovery is of great immediate significance.
Claims (2)
1, the method for the integrated reparation alkaline spot of furfural dregs and mountain spinach bare area is characterized in having following steps:
(1) plough and earlier the alkaline spot bare area is turned over one time, it is stiff not stay, and claps broken clod;
(2) mix slag and apply furfural dregs 850-1250kg/ha, with furfural dregs evenly on the ground, alkaline earth and furfural dregs are mixed, rake by turning over rake;
(3) the ridging alkaline spot bare area of mixing behind the slag is got ridge as required;
(4) leaching is mixed slag, the alkaline spot bare area after mixing, raking needs through natural precipitation or the leaching of manually spraying;
(5) the sowing rainfall or the leaching of manually spraying are raised the mountain spinach seed equably and broadcast on the furrow face next day, gently harrow earthing with rake, gently step on a suppression with pin again, and the mountain spinach seeding quantity is 6-10kg/ha;
(6) the after planting timely fence envelope of field management is educated.
2, by the method for described furfural dregs of claim 1 and the integrated reparation alkaline spot of mountain spinach bare area, be characterized in having following steps:
(1) plough and will experimental field turn over one time earlier, about dark 15 ~ 20cm, do not stay stiff, clap broken clod;
(2) sowing amount of mixing the slag furfural dregs is 6%, and the even spreading of furfural dregs on the alkaline spot bare area, is turned over rake gently and makes the alkaline earth of 0 ~ 15cm degree of depth and furfural dregs mixed even, at last the alkaline spot bare area is raked, and every mu of ground applies about furfural dregs 1000kg;
(3) execute sheep excrement 500kg/ha and make base fertilizer;
(4) irrigate leaching mix slag turn over rake evenly after with the thin leveling of alkaline spot bare area rake and around experimental field the folded ridge, carry out man-made irrigation;
(5) the sowing man-made irrigation next day of folded ridge in the experimental field, to experimental field be equally divided into three, sow mountain spinach, alfalfa and wild barley respectively, seed is evenly distributed on the furrow face, harrow one time with rake is light again, subcovering be will plant with soil, a suppression, seeding quantity: mountain spinach 8kg/ha gently stepped on pin then; Alfalfa 18kg/ha; Wild barley 24kg/ha;
(6) field management is after planting gone up fence all around in the experimental field, guards against plague of insects poultry evil.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100522400C (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2009-08-05 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Matrix improvement method for red mud storage yard vegetation restoration |
| CN103609219A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-05 | 吉林师范大学 | Soil improvement method for planting blueberries |
| CN103636308A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-03-19 | 北京东方园林股份有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil management structure |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1130165A (en) * | 1995-01-14 | 1996-09-04 | 魏坤峰 | Improved fertilizer for hortriculture saline-alkali soil and its preparing method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100522400C (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2009-08-05 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Matrix improvement method for red mud storage yard vegetation restoration |
| CN103609219A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-05 | 吉林师范大学 | Soil improvement method for planting blueberries |
| CN103609219B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-11-11 | 吉林师范大学 | The method of the soil melioration of plantation blueberry |
| CN103636308A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-03-19 | 北京东方园林股份有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil management structure |
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