CN1853882A - 用于切割弹性体材料的方法及由该方法制成的制品 - Google Patents

用于切割弹性体材料的方法及由该方法制成的制品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1853882A
CN1853882A CNA2005101358537A CN200510135853A CN1853882A CN 1853882 A CN1853882 A CN 1853882A CN A2005101358537 A CNA2005101358537 A CN A2005101358537A CN 200510135853 A CN200510135853 A CN 200510135853A CN 1853882 A CN1853882 A CN 1853882A
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China
Prior art keywords
raw material
cutting
backing plate
cut
lamination
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Granted
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CNA2005101358537A
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CN100509317C (zh
Inventor
D·R·道宁
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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B3/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B3/30—Bars, blocks, or strips in which the distance between a pair of faces is fixed, although it may be preadjustable, e.g. end measure, feeler strip
    • G01B3/303—Bars, blocks, or strips in which the distance between a pair of faces is fixed, although it may be preadjustable, e.g. end measure, feeler strip pre-adjustable, e.g. by means of micrometerscrew
    • G01B3/306—Bars, blocks, or strips in which the distance between a pair of faces is fixed, although it may be preadjustable, e.g. end measure, feeler strip pre-adjustable, e.g. by means of micrometerscrew with inclined slide plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D3/00—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor
    • B26D3/003—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor specially adapted for cutting rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D3/00—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor
    • B26D3/02—Bevelling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D7/086—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by vibrating, e.g. ultrasonically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/26—Means for mounting or adjusting the cutting member; Means for adjusting the stroke of the cutting member
    • B26D7/2628—Means for adjusting the position of the cutting member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B29C66/496—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/38—Textile inserts, e.g. cord or canvas layers, for tyres; Treatment of inserts prior to building the tyre
    • B29D30/46—Cutting textile inserts to required shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/04—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member
    • B26D1/06—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/002—Materials or surface treatments therefor, e.g. composite materials
    • B26D2001/0026—Materials or surface treatments therefor, e.g. composite materials fiber reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B26D9/00—Cutting apparatus combined with punching or perforating apparatus or with dissimilar cutting apparatus
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    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/869—Means to drive or to guide tool
    • Y10T83/8821—With simple rectilinear reciprocating motion only
    • Y10T83/8822—Edge-to-edge of sheet or web [e.g., traveling cutter]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Tyre Moulding (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种用于将可包括增强帘线层的弹性体层压制品切成所需长度而不会切开帘线的方法和设备。这种方法包括以所需斜切角度切开弹性体复合材料的胶料部分，然后打开斜切的切口的步骤。接下来，在不切断增强帘线的情况下对帘线增强层进行切割。这样就形成了被切成所需长度的弹性体复合条并且其具有切头。切头之一具有在邻近增强层的悬垂部分处以所需斜切角度切割的胶料部分。弹性体复合段的另一端也具有斜切部分以便与第一切头的斜切部分配合，并且具有位于帘布层中的间隙以便与第一端的帘线悬垂部分配合，从而形成接头。还提供了一种具有独立控制真空区的改进型垫板以及改进型切割机构。

Description

用于切割弹性体材料的方法 及由该方法制成的制品
本申请对2004年12月23日提交的美国临时申请No.60/638,488的权益提出要求。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于以低斜切角度切割弹性体材料以及切割包括一个或多个包含加强材料的层的多层弹性体复合物的方法与设备。
背景技术
历史上，充气轮胎被制造成基本上为环形的层压结构，其具有胎圈、胎面、带束增强层以及胎体。大多数零件所使用的制造技术涉及将多个轮胎部件连续装配于轮胎成型鼓上，其中每个轮胎部件被切成定长并在鼓上进行拼接。典型的轮胎可以包括大约六个绕着轮胎彼此隔开的接头。
轮胎子配件构造的第一阶段中的新进展涉及使用单个未硫化层压结构，例如美国专利No.5,762,740和5,746,101中所述，其在此被引入作为参考。作为连续地将多个轮胎部件应用于轮胎成型鼓上的的替代方案，单个层压结构被切成适当长度，然后被应用于轮胎成型鼓上，其中层压结构的端部拼接在一起。于是，就需要以低斜切角度来切割层压结构的端部，因为其容许对接接头或者其中少数帘线重叠的接头，从而生成更坚固的接头。
如果层压结构包括增强层例如包含密集增强帘线的增强帘布层，那么在不切开任何帘线的情况下，尤其是不以低斜切角度切开任何帘线的情况下，将层压结构切成所需长度的能力就是一种工程挑战。这种切割必须在平行对齐的增强帘线之间进行，而不会切开任何的增强帘线。由于增强帘线通常非常密集，在30线/英寸左右，所以这可能是极其难以完成的任务。理想的切割方法与设备还应当能够按照快速且可靠的方式相对于正在切割的弹性体薄片的平面以较低的角度进行切割。
定义
“扁平率”是指轮胎的断面高度与其断面宽度之比。
“轴向”和“沿轴向”是指平行于轮胎的旋转轴线的线或方向。
“胎圈”或“胎圈芯”通常是指轮胎的包括环状抗拉构件的那部分，径向内侧胎圈与将轮胎保持于由帘布卷绕并成形的轮辋上相关联，其带有或不带其它加强元件如外护圈包布、胎跟加强层、三角胶芯、护趾胶和胎圈包布。
“带束层结构”或“增强带束层”是指至少两个平行帘线的环形层或帘布层，其可以为织物或非织物，位于胎面之下，非锚定于胎圈上，并且其相对于轮胎赤道面的左、右帘线角度均处于从17°至27°的范围内。
“斜交轮胎”是指胎体帘布层中的增强帘线相对于轮胎的赤道面成大约25-65°的角度从胎圈向胎圈对角地延伸跨过轮胎，帘布在交替的层中成相反角度延伸。
“缓冲层”或“轮胎缓冲层”指的与带束层或带束层结构或增强带束层相同。
“胎体”是指轮胎帘布层材料的层压制品以及其它按照适用于拼接或已经拼接的长度而被切割成圆柱形或环形的轮胎部件。在对胎体进行硫化以便生成模制轮胎之前，可以将其它部件加入胎体中。
“圆周方向”是指沿着与轴向垂直的环形胎面表面的周长延伸的线或方向；其还可以指一组相邻圆曲线的方向，当沿截面进行观察时，这些圆曲线的半径确定了胎面的轴向曲度。
“帘线”是指用于加强帘布层的包括纤维的增强绳股之一。
“内衬层”是指弹性体或其它材料的层，其形成无内胎轮胎的内表面并且包含轮胎内的充气流体。
“插件”是指通常用于增强安全轮胎胎侧的月牙-或楔形加强层；其还可以指位于胎面之下的弹性体非月牙形插件。
“帘布层”是指一种由覆盖着弹性体的沿径向展开或者否则平行的帘线构成的帘布增强层。
“径向的”和“径向地”是指沿径向朝向或背离轮胎旋转轴线的方向。
“子午线帘布层结构”是指一个或多个胎体帘布层，或者至少一个帘布层具有相对于轮胎赤道面成介于65°至90°之间的角度的增强帘线。
“子午线帘布层轮胎”是指一种带束的或沿圆周方向箍紧的充气轮胎，其中从胎圈延伸至胎圈的帘布相对于轮胎赤道面所处的帘线角度介于65°至90°之间。
“胎侧”是指胎面与胎圈之间的轮胎的一部分。
“斜切”或“斜切角度”是指刀具相对于正在切割的材料的切割角度；斜切角度是相对于正在切割的扁平材料的平面来进行测量的。
“层压结构”是指由一个或多个轮胎的层或弹性体部件例如内衬层、胎侧以及任选的帘布层制成的未硫化结构。
附图说明
在结合附图仔细考虑以下描述之后，将会更加清楚本发明的结构、操作和优点，其中：
图1为多层弹性体复合条的示意图，其示出了待切割的位置；
图2为被切成所需长度的图1的多层弹性体复合物的俯视图；
图3为沿图2的3-3方向观察的剖视图；
图4为本发明的两级式切割机构的透视图；
图5为图4的两级式切割机构的俯视图；
图6为图4的两级式切割机构的侧视图；
图7为两级式切割机构的切割段的特写透视图；
图7A为图7中的圆圈部分的放大立体图；
图8a和8b为从两级式切割机构的切割段底部观察的特写图，其分别示出了带有和不带层压原料的情况；
图9为从两级式切割机构的切割段底部观察的特写图，其中为清楚起见将支承托架等等拆下；
图10为图9的两级式切割机构的前视图；
图11为从图10的两级式切割机构的右侧观察的视图；
图12为只有第二级切割系统的透视图；
图13-19为逐步示出了第一和第二级切割操作的每个步骤的第一、第二级切割系统的侧视图；
图20a为在第一、第二级切割操作之后的层压段的切头的侧视图；
图20b为层压段的切头的侧视图，其在轮胎鼓上拼接在一起(部分示出)；
图21为带有分区真空系统的垫板的实施例；
图22为本发明的校准块的侧视图；
图23为图22的校准块的后部透视图；
图24为本发明的可调式校准块的替代实施例；
图25为图26和26中所示的具有真空宽度调节装置的垫板的替代实施例的端视图；
图26为沿着箭头26-26的方向观察的图25的垫板的剖视图，其以一半比例绘出；以及
图27为图25的垫板的替代实施例的剖视图，其以一半比例绘出。
具体实施方式
图1-3中示出了待通过本发明的方法和设备进行切割的弹性体复合物的条或层压结构1。然而，本文中所述的切割设备并不限于用来切割层压制品，因为可以使用其它材料如帘布层或胶料成分。层压制品1具有宽度W和由L方向表示的不定长度。虚线3示出了将要跨过层压制品1的宽度进行侧向切割的位置或路径。路径3可以垂直于层压制品的长度L或者以倾斜角度跨过宽度W。如果层压制品1具有一个或多个定向类似的平行帘线22的增强层，那么优选地，切割路径3相对于帘线22路径定向。
在所示的各幅图中，层压制品1可以包括用于轮胎制造中的各种部件。图2和3示出了层压制品1的一个实例，其具有包括帘线22并且宽度小于层压制品宽度W的任选帘布层20、插件30、胎肩胶条40、内衬层50、一对胎圈包布条60以及一对胎侧部件70。在不背离本发明精神的情况下，还可以包括用于轮胎制造中的其它部件。
图4-6示出了本发明的切割装置100的第一实施例。切割装置100用于于将层压制品切割成所需长度的条以便按照所需斜切角度对每个端部进行切割。然后，将斜切端连接在一起，其中用于子午线充气轮胎的胎体例如在以下进行更详细地描述。本发明的一个优点在于所形成的合成对接接头非常牢固，并且由于只有一个接头，所以形成的轮胎就更加牢固、均匀。
切割系统100可以包括任选的输送系统、垫板系统、胶料切割系统以及任选的帘布层切割系统，所有这些将在下面进行更详细地描述。
输送系统
层压原料通常安装于较大的辊子132上，辊子132可旋转地安装于邻近供料输送带110的心轴134上。层压制品1安装成使得在输送带上的胶料层面朝下，而帘布层面朝上。然而，本发明并不限于这种构型，因为可以将机构翻转。如图4中所示，切割装置100包括供料输送机110，其用于使得层压原料1前进至切割装置100的切割段120。在图7中看得最为清楚，供料输送机110具有在切割操作之前背离垫板平移的可收缩的鼻部112。供料输送机110具有安装于侧面导轨118中的侧面支承件116以便使得供料输送机的鼻部112前后滑动，从而使得鼻部收缩离开斜切机构的路径，从而使得其可以向下平移，如图8中所示。连接于供料输送机110的顶部安装导轨115上的致动臂114收缩，以便移动输送机的鼻部。
在对层压制品进行切割之后，下游输送机130运送层压条离开切割装置100，通常是朝向轮胎成型鼓133运送。
输送机110、130还可以包括位于第二输送带上或者邻近第二输送带的长度传感器(未示出)，其与控制系统200(未示出)相联系，以便使得层压制品经过切割装置100的垫板上的切割线前进直至已经达到要切割的所需长度。
垫板组件
垫板组件140包括矩形棒，其长度适用于跨过层压制品的宽度进行切割。垫板的纵向轴线可以按照与层压制品的宽度成九十度的角度来定向。尽管并不需要如此，但是垫板142和第一、第二级切割装置144、146(总起来说，切割系统)可以可滑动地安装于垂直侧向导轨148上，以便在供料输送系统的鼻部从垫板上移开之后，使得切割系统144、146可以向下平移直至垫板142的下表面与层压制品接触为止。液压缸149使得切割系统沿着支承导轨148的轨道上下运动。
垫板下表面被分成三段。前缘段150所成的角度通常为所需斜切角度，该角度在大约3-8度的范围内。如图9和13中所示，垫板下表面具有可以为平面或者略成角度的中段152以及成通常在大约5至大约15度的范围内的角度的第三或后段154。
这三个垫板段的每一个都具有联接于一个或多个真空源上的多个密集的真空孔156。在一个实例中，真空系统被分成两个或两个以上的区158、159，其中每个区都具有独立控制的真空源。第一区158具有向位于垫板的前缘段150和中段152上的多个真空孔供应的内部真空室。第二区159具有向位于垫板的中段152和后段154上的多个真空孔供应的独立的内部真空室。在第二个实例中，垫板具有三个区，即对每个段150、152、154中的真空孔进行独立控制，以便使得每个段可以彼此独立地进行接通或关闭(未示出)。
垫板140还可以包括真空宽度的调节装置。这种调节装置在待切割原料的宽度变化时有用。真空宽度调节装置使真空宽度适合于原料宽度，从而不会因为露出的孔而造成真空损失。图21示出了具有垫板402的垫板系统400的第三实例，该垫板402具有多个内部分段的腔，其中每个腔连接于位于垫板表面上的一行真空孔及其自身独立控制的真空管路404上。每条真空管路具有用于断开真空源的手阀406或控制阀。使用独立控制的区就容许对真空宽度进行调节，以便保证不会因为并未与层压制品接触的孔而造成失去吸力。
图25-27中示出了垫板真空系统的替代实施例。图25示出了垫板系统500的第三实例的端视图。垫板500具有成角度的前源502、任选的第二成角度的部分504和后段506。垫板500具有两个独立的真空室508、509，其中室508向前缘部分502、504中的真空孔510供应，室509向后段中的真空孔510供应。如图26中所示，真空室509具有用于连接于真空源(未示出)上的真空供应孔512或入口。通过位于室的每个端部处的可动式塞子514可以对真空室509的宽度进行调节。塞子514的头部具有密封件516以便密封室的端部。每个塞子向内或向外滑动以便调节室的宽度与原料宽度相配。
图27示出了与前述段中描述相同的垫板系统的第四实例。室509由密封塞520分成三个区509A、509B、509C。室509B和509C由于可动式塞子514在垫板内的位置情况而宽度可变。
第一级切割系统
如图10中所示，第一级切割系统144用来只切开层压制品的胶料层或胶料/弹性体原料而并不包括帘布层。切割刀片160可以是超声刀片。如图22-23中所示，刀片160优选地为楔形并且具有平面切削刃162，其中整个切削刃162为节点。如图11中所示，刀片160安装于支架170上，支架170可以调节斜切角度α、冲角β以及进行垂直与水平调节。刀架170可滑动地安装于下部支承棒172上，以便使得刀片162可以从一侧向另一侧穿过垫板下表面142，从而切割层压制品的胶料部件。滑轮系统、滚珠螺杆或其它任何常规型平移装置可以用于移动刀架和刀片。平移伺服系统174可以用于跨过层压制品的宽度来跟随刀片的位置。平移的速度可以被编程入控制器(未示出)从而使得速度可以跨过垫板的宽度而变化。
相对于切割线的刀片角度的调节对于切割成功非常重要。如图11中所示，刀片160的前缘162被设定为相对于层压制品的胶料表面的平面和垫板下表面成所需的斜切角度α。因此，在进行切割之后，胶料端将会具有斜切角度α。如图22-23中所示，刀片的前缘162还围绕垫板的纵向轴线转动冲角角度β，角度β根据层压原料的厚度情况而在大约10至大约60度的范围内，通常为大约20-30度。
为了有助于刀片安装，可以使用校准块180。校准块包括具有成角度的校准表面182的块，其中超声刀片的扁平边缘184可以放置成靠着校准表面齐平，以便将斜切角度α和角度β调整至所需设定值。校准表面上可以具有角度符号以便易于调节。刀片160的前缘角162与校准块表面上的角度标记的顶点对齐。刀片的边缘角186与顶点的对准处可以是系统校准点或“零点”。优选地，校准块安装于邻近垫板组件的端部处以便易于使用。校准块还可以用作伺服系统所用的“原位”。因此，术语“原位”可以包括斜切角度α和角度β、x和y(间隙高度或从刀片至垫板的距离)的刀片设定值。
优选地，刀片还具有高度调节机构161。刀架安装于伺服驱动垂直调节机构例如线性致动器或滚珠螺杆和导轨组件161上，其在刀片跨过层压原料的宽度时，容许对刀片的高度(刀片与垫板之间的距离)进行调节。可以将刀片的高度进行编程成使其随着刀片跨过帘布层的宽度而变化。优选地，当刀片接近帘布层边缘时，可以将刀片的高度调节成略微大于帘布层的厚度，从而使得刀片不会扎破帘布层。在刀片的前缘已经过帘布层的前缘之后，优选地，将刀片的高度降低以便更靠近层压制品的表面，从而使得刀片紧靠帘布层而擦过，将所有的内衬层丁基橡胶或胶料从帘布层表面上去除。
帘布层切割系统
在将层压制品的胶料部件斜切之后，可以使用用于切割帘布层的第二切割系统146。第二切割系统146包括切割机构200和收缩式下拉棒300。切割机构200通过位于层压制品的帘布层侧的支承臂212而安装于位于支承导轨210上的垫板上方。切割机构200还包括平行于垫板安装的导向构件214。切割装置220为具有两个侧面222a、b的分开式刀片，这两个侧面222a、b在切割装置插入帘布层的中心之后分开。带束层224跨过刀片将其分开，从而切割帘布层。本发明并不限于分开式刀片，还可以使用其它切割装置，例如单个刀具。刀片222或切割装置220停靠于加热板上，优选地，加热板为弹簧承载并且被加热至适用于切割帘布层原料的温度。
切割系统146还包括收缩式下拉棒300。下拉棒300可转动地安装于垫板上，其中棒的位置靠近垫板前缘表面，如图8b中所示。下拉棒可以通过液压臂310致动而与帘布层形成接合。下拉棒用于拉动帘布层离开垫板下表面的前缘部分150和中间部分152，从而使得帘布层只与垫板的后部154接触。通过按照这种方式拉动帘布层离开垫板，所斜切的胶料部件垫带就打开，从而使得切割装置220就位以便插入并且只切割帘布层。帘布层的张力可以通过在下拉帘布层之前或期间略微向前移动供料输送带来进行调节以便防止过度拉伸。
操作方法
现在可以对本发明的切割系统的操作进行描述。切割系统可以切割如上所述的层压制品，或者如在轮胎制造中所使用的常规型弹性体原料。待切割的层压制品或原料1通常在大辊子上安装于邻近供料输送带的心轴上。层压制品被送到输送带上，以便使得帘布层面朝上而胶料层面朝下。层压制品的前缘被向前送进至通向切割输送带的供料输送带上直到在垫板的切削刃处到达所需长度为止。安装于切割输送带上或者邻近切割输送带的传感器检测何时到达待切割的所需长度，从而使得层压制品的切割线位于垫板的切削刃上。在层压制品已经位于垫板的切削刃上之后，将供料输送机的鼻部从切割线移开，并且降低垫板组件直至层压制品与垫板的下表面接触。更优选地，将垫板组件经过运输机上表面的平面降低直到层压制品处于略微张紧状态的位置，并且层压制品缠绕着垫板的下表面，如图8a所示。在所有的三个表面上转动垫板真空区，从而通过来自垫板表面的吸力而使层压制品保持就位。吸力、缠绕力以及张力共同起到将层压制品牢固地保持就位以便切割的作用。
接下来，切割刀片160沿着垫板的切削刃穿过，以所需的角度α只切开胶料层，角度α通常在大约5至大约45度的范围内。切割刀片边缘还可以离开垫板的纵向轴线转动冲角β，冲角β通常在大约20至大约45度的范围内。切割刀片优选地为带有斜角边缘刀片的超声切割机。刀架可以安装于线性致动器和伺服系统上，例如线性螺钉(未示出)和如图11中所示的导轨组件161上，其容许在刀片横跨垫板的宽度时对刀片与垫板下表面之间的距离或间隙进行垂直调节。垂直高度调节容许帘布层的厚度变化。垂直高度调节还容许刀片刚好在帘布层边缘之前增大间隙，而在刀片经过帘布层边缘之后减小间隙以便使得帘线不会被意外扎破。
可以定期检查刀片角度设定值以便确保保持适当的刀片倾角。靠近垫板安装的校准块可以用于确保设定适当的刀片角度。校准块具有成角度表面，以便与垫板表面的所需角度匹配并且按照所需的冲角β和切割角α将刀片定位。刀片的位置邻近校准决的成角度校准表面。为了调节切割角α，对刀片进行调节直至刀片的前缘与校准块外表面齐平。为了调节冲角β，操作者转动刀片直至刀片的切割表面处于校准块的表面上所显示的所需角度。
在刀片切割机以斜切角度α切开层压制品的胶料部分后，就形成胶料的垫带。层压制品中的张力以及层压制品绕着垫板的缠绕力就确保垫带保持开放并且不会重新密封。
如果层压制品具有帘布层，下一个步骤就是利用插入切割机切开帘布层，这里帘布层裸露于垫带之下。为了完成这一步骤，首先对层压制品进行定位以便第二次切开帘布层。为了完成这一步骤，关闭前缘段150和中段152中的真空，只是后段的真空要开通。随后，通过在通常为大约0.25至大约1英寸的范围内略微向前驱动供料输送带，使得层压制品上的张力松脱。接下来，将下拉棒致动以便使其拉动层压制品向下离开垫板前缘部分和中间部分，而层压制品保持吸在垫板的后表面上。下拉棒打开垫带以便为第二插入切割机提供间隙。现在层压制品就已处于适合插入切割的位置。使用下拉棒的一个优点在于将层压制品从垫板移开以便使得帘布层帘线能够在切割过程中略微“浮动”或移动。下拉棒的另一个优点在于天然橡胶的斜切垫带被打开从而为插入刀片提供了足够的间隙。
然后，致动帘布层切割设备从而使得帘布层切割机在邻近胶料垫带(垫带打开)的露出帘布层中插入帘布层。优选地，帘布层切割机从层压制品的帘布层侧插入，这就减少了损坏胶料垫带的可能性。优选地，帘布层切割机受到加热并且为两片式刀片，其在帘布层的中心进行切割。两片式刀片插入帘布层中并且随后分成两个刀片。然而，还可以使用其它刀片构型例如横跨帘布层的单个刀片。
加热帘布层切割机的一种方法是使用位于设备上的加热块。加热块由传导金属制成，其被加热至在大约550至600华氏度范围内的温度。刀片的基座停靠在加热块上。刀片的基座必须被加热至550-600度，以便于使得刀片尖端温度达到大约300度。更优选地，使用弹簧承载的加热板，其中在不使用时，刀片尖端停靠在加热表面上。弹簧承载加热板表面被加热至大约300-350度。
在将层压制品切成所需长度的段后，可以将其输送至轮胎成形鼓，其中各段端部被拼接在一起，如图20a和b中所示。图20a中示出了层压段的切头。第一端400具有斜切胶料层404和帘布层402的悬垂部分。段的第二端408具有斜切胶料层410和帘布层412中从自由端408离开的偏移量，其通常为大约半英寸。随后，端部400和408连接在一起形成偏移接头。图20b中示出了偏移接头420，其中一条或多条帘线在形成接头的过程中重叠，并且胶料层的斜切端配合在一起，从而形成牢固的接头。然而，接头还可以在没有任何帘线重叠的情况下形成。
尽管为了对本发明进行示例说明而示出了一些代表性实施例和详细情况，但是应当理解在不背离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在本发明所属领域中仍然可以对其进行各种变化和改动。例如，尽管以上依据胶料部件朝下而帘布层侧朝上的情况对切割方法进行了描述，但是本发明所属领域的普通技术人员能够认识到切割可以通过倒转机器的方位而在胶料部件朝上且帘布层朝下的情况下完成。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于将层压原料切割成所需长度的段的方法，层压原料的宽度为W，层压原料由多个轮胎部件形成，至少一个轮胎部件为帘线增强部件，帘线沿着跨过原料的宽度W而形成的切割路径方向大致平行并定位；这种方法的特征在于：
将层压原料放置于垫板上；
以斜切角度α只切开层压制品的胶料层以便形成垫带；打开所述垫带并且将刀具插入所述垫带的开口中，然后切割层压制品的帘布层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征还在于以下步骤：
使相对于垫板的纵向轴线以锐角β倾斜的刀具上的切削刃定位。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征还在于以下步骤：
相对于层压原料成斜切角度α将切削刃定位于刀具上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征还在于相对于层压原料定位垫板以便使得层压原料与垫板的整个下切割表面接触的步骤。
5.一种根据权利要求1所述的方法而形成的段，其特征在于第一切头；第一切头具有从帘线增强部件向外延伸的切割拼接表面。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征还在于在切割帘布层之前拉动层压原料离开垫板前缘的步骤。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于使下拉棒转动至与层压原料形成接合，拉动层压原料离开垫板的前缘。
8.一种用于将弹性体原料切割成所需长度的段的方法，原料的宽度为W，这种方法的特征在于：
使原料相对于垫板定位，其中原料缠绕着垫板下切割表面的第一部分和第二部分；
移动刀具而使其与原料形成切割接合关系；以及
切割原料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于将垫板降低至与原料形成接合。
10.一种用于将弹性体原料切割成所需长度的段的方法，该原料的宽度为W，这种方法的特征在于：
定位切割设备相对于垫板保持间隙距离d；
利用切割设备切割原料；以及
在切割设备切割原料时调节间隙距离d。
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CN101234534B (zh) * 2006-12-21 2011-03-02 固特异轮胎和橡胶公司 带有切割机构的轮胎组装敷贴设备
CN104908071A (zh) * 2015-07-08 2015-09-16 安徽华天机械股份有限公司 一种异形分切刀片及其制造方法
CN108654885A (zh) * 2018-07-19 2018-10-16 湖南三匠人科技有限公司 一种涂布设备

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US20060137500A1 (en) 2006-06-29
EP1674252A1 (en) 2006-06-28
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JP2006175875A (ja) 2006-07-06
JP5179719B2 (ja) 2013-04-10
CN100509317C (zh) 2009-07-08

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