CN1846972B - 用于挤出的塑料管的无级调整的定径套 - Google Patents
用于挤出的塑料管的无级调整的定径套 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
- B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
- B29C48/907—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article using adjustable calibrators, e.g. the dimensions of the calibrator being changeable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
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- B29C48/901—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C48/919—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling using a bath, e.g. extruding into an open bath to coagulate or cool the material
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于挤出的塑料管的无级调整的定径套,其具有一个入口端(12)和两个层带件(16,17),这两个层带件以交叉网格形式相互交叉并在交点处相互铰接,所述入口端(12)和层带件(16,17)可根据管内径调整,入口端(12)具有设置在径向平面(20)内的、分布在待定径的塑料管(6)周围的且可径向调节的重叠的部件(19),这些部件在重叠区(23)内具有狭槽(21)并且它们交错式相互啮合,部件(19)的端侧(19.1)被构造成抵靠到待定径的塑料管(6)上,所述层带件(16,17)与所述端侧(19.1)平齐地被铰接固定在所述部件(19)上。借助上述定径套(10),可以实现真空壳(9)相对外界环境的有效密封,并避免挤出中的塑料管(6)的导入部的墩粗现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于挤出的塑料管的无级调整的定径套,其具有一个入口端和一个接在入口端上的、包围并支撑塑料管的且内径可变的构件。
背景技术
定径套在现有技术中是已知的,在实际生产中,其内径在小范围内变化。定径套内径的这种变化是为了在考虑使根据不同因素的塑料收缩在所要求的公差范围内来制造塑料管。这种定径套的例子可从DE4408064C1,DE-OS2626197,DE20000872U1,DE20023052U1,EP1157805A1以及US2981975中得到。
在DE19843340C2中描述了一种定径套,在实际生产中,其内径可根据不同外径的塑料管进行调整。为此需要考虑的问题是,在现在的生产条件下,订货批量总是很小,也就是说,必须不断调整挤出设备。这种调整会造成挤出设备停机,在更换单个挤出部件的过程中,这会引起很高的能耗以及塑料材料消耗。根据DE19843340C2的定径套包括多个沿其纵轴线设置的片状凸缘,每个凸缘的单个片可径向调整,在径向面之间重叠并且在重叠区内互相紧挨着。因此,形成一个实质上为中空圆筒形的管体,其在外侧支撑塑料管,其内径可调整成上述待挤出管的直径。这种公知定径套的结构相当复杂。此外,用这种定径套生产的塑料管没有精确的圆形横截面。
在WO2004/091891A1中同样公开了一种定径套,在实际生产中,其可根据所制造的塑料管的不同外径进行调整。这种定径套包括入口端,两个弹性层带固定在定径套上。上述层带以交叉网格方式相互交叉并在交点相互铰接。对待挤出塑料管的定径很重要的定径套内径随着上述交叉网格的张合而变化。该定径套的特征是在具有高的固有刚度的同时有一个大的调整范围。另外,交叉并相互铰接的层带数量保证了,在每次调整定径套内径时,定径套都具有绝对的圆形。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种定径套,它与公知的定径套相比结构简单,而且在入口端处保证了真空壳体相对外界环境的有效密封,避免了作业中的挤出塑料管的墩粗现象,并在每次调整直径时都有绝对的圆形。
本发明的目的通过按照本发明的用于挤出的塑料管的无级调整的定径套实现,所述定径套具有一个入口端和两个层带件,所述两个层带件以交叉网格形式相互交叉并且在交点处相互铰接,其中入口端和所述层带件可根据管内径来调整,该入口端具有设置在径向平面内的、分布在待定径的塑料管的周围的且可径向调节的重叠的部件,这些部件在重叠区内具有狭槽并且这些部件交错地相互啮合,所述部件的端侧被构造成抵靠到待定径的塑料管上,并且所述层带件与所述端侧平齐地被铰接固定在所述部件上。
设置在定径套的入口端的可径向调整的部件使得根据待定径管径对入口进行精确调整成为可能,也就是说,上述部件和两个层带件共同配合并同时根据待确定的直径进行调整。挤出的塑料管的出现在定径套入口区域的墩粗现象因此得以避免。这对生产出的塑料管的平面质量具有积极影响。为抵靠到待定径的塑料管上而形成的上述部件的端侧通过与塑料管环绕接触保证了真空壳体相对外界环境的密封。上述部件的端侧构成的圆周面和挤出的塑料管之间的微小的不圆度借助此生产过程所提供的塑料管变形量得以补偿。在上述部件的狭槽重叠区内相互啮合的部件形成了迷宫式密封,其改善了真空壳体相对外界环境的密封性。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,压力水出口通入上述狭槽内。因此,保证了入口处的加强冷却并形成一个用于挤出的塑料管的滑动冷却的润滑膜。此外,在狭槽内形成的水膜进一步改善了密封性。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,每个部件配设一个齿轮箱,用于所述部件的径向调节,并且所有的齿轮箱的驱动通过一个电机来实现。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,所述层带件通过轴向突出于所述部件的固定角件与所述部件铰接,所述层带件大致平齐地连接到所述部件的端侧上。
通过将水流出口仅设置在挤出方向后侧的狭槽内,从中排出的水被吸入真空壳,从而避免了水向外流。
本发明还给出了其它优选的实施例。
附图说明
下面基于实施例对本发明进行详细说明。所述附图中:
图1:一带有主要组件的、用于制造塑料管的挤出设备示意图;
图2:图1中A部分的局部放大截面图;
图3:以图2中箭头B方向观察的定径套前端的壳体。
图4:图5中A-A的截面图;
图5:图4中B-B的截面图;
图6:带有固定位置的某部分侧视图,其中固定位置用于固定定径套的层带件;
图7:图6视图的仰视图。
具体实施方式
图1所示的挤出装置包括挤出单元1,其包括料斗2、挤出螺杆3和挤压模具4。料斗2供应挤出单元所用的粒状或粉状热塑塑料5。在挤出装置1内,粒料或粉料被加热、混合和塑化。随后,塑料作为可成型物质被挤出螺杆3推入挤压模具4,在此处受到环形截面缝隙的挤压。
在从挤压模具4中出来后,还可变形的热的塑料管6借助设置在挤出线一端的拉拔单元7被拉动穿过定径冷却单元8,其中定径冷却单元8包括一个真空壳体9,该壳体在其入口设有管状的定径套10。定径套10的直径是可无级调节的,这样,上述挤出的还可成型的塑料管6就能够被定径为所期望的任意数值。塑料管6在通过定径冷却单元8后进入冷却段11,在这里,它被冷却到室温。
下面,对定径套10的结构做出进一步描述。
定径套10包括环形入口端12和环形出口端13。入口端12设置在真空壳体9之外,而出口端13位于真空壳体9内部。上述出口端13具有恒定内径,其大小至少能等于在挤出机中挤出的最大管径。上述出口端在定径套10的轴向上能相对已定位的入口端12移动。为此,至少设置两个螺杆单元14,其螺杆14.1可由图中未示出的电机和同步带15驱动。出口端13与螺杆螺母14.2相连。根据螺杆14.1的驱动方向,出口端13或者远离入口端12移动,或者朝着入口端12移动。
在入口端12和出口端13之间,设有两个层带件16,17,它们以交叉网格形式交叉并在交点处相互铰接。上述两个层带件16,17共同构成一个孔状空心圆筒。在出口端13上仅连有层带件16,而在入口端12上,以后面将描述的方式铰接固定有层带件16,17。通过螺杆单元14轴向调节其出口端13,可以改变由层带件16,17构成的空心圆筒的直径。通过向着入口端12移近地调节出口端13,空心圆筒的直径变大,而通过远离入口端12地移动出口端13,空心圆筒的直径缩小。根据上述两者分离程度的不同,到出口端13的过渡部分就会出现一个或大或小的锥形过渡部分18。通过下面叙述的实施方式,在入口端12处,这样的锥形过渡部分应当并且将会得以避免。
入口端12包括12个可径向调节的部件19,它们在径向平面20内均匀分布在定径的塑料管6的圆周上。上述各部件19在它们的下部重叠,其中重叠区由附图标记23表示,如图3所示。正如图4所示,在重叠区23内,各部件19带有被各桥部22限定的狭槽21。相邻的各部件19的狭槽21和桥部22在重叠区23内相互交错配合,为了保持在径向平面20内,在挤出方向上或者与挤出方向相反地交替绕着各部件19的狭槽21或者桥部22彼此交错。
如图4所示,每一部件19的三个前侧的桥部22构成入口斜坡19.2,这将方便挤出的塑料管6进入入口端12。
上述各部件19在内环线24和外环线25(图3)的范围内可以径向调整。这里,内环线24用于限定塑料管6的最小直径,外环线25用于限定塑料管6的最大直径。部件19的端侧19.1具有一个半径,该半径与可由定径套10形成的塑料管6的最大直径相适应。
上述各部件19放置在壳体26内,上述壳体包括部件19的侧面引导件27(图3),壳体26中的部件19的引导筒28直接插入水箱29中,水箱通过输入通道30供入压力水。在这里,每三个部件19作为一组配备一个独立的水箱29。每个部件19有两个径向通道31,其外端与所配备的水箱29连接,其内端分别与轴向支通道32相通,该支通道在挤出方向的一端为盲孔,与之相对的、向外伸出的一端由塞头33封住。从支通道32起,水流出口34引向在挤出方向的后三个狭槽21。
部件19的无级径向调整通过用法兰连接在齿轮箱37上的电机36来实现。上述齿轮箱37的一侧固定在入口端12的壳体26的12个多角面35之一上(图3)。所述12个多角面35的每一个配属于一个这样的齿轮箱37(在图3中省去了齿轮箱37),只有其中一个上述齿轮箱37由电机36直接驱动。其它齿轮箱37的齿轮装置的驱动通过相互啮合的齿轮38,39和与齿轮39同轴设置且相互啮合的齿轮40来驱动,所述齿轮40驱动另一齿轮箱37的齿轮39。在每个齿轮箱37内,齿轮38抗扭固定在螺纹轴41上,该螺纹轴旋入部件19的螺纹45内。根据受驱动的齿轮38的转动方向,部件19向里或向外移动。
在下部的重叠区46内(见图3),在部件19面向出口端13的一侧拧上一个固定角件42,该固定角件用于在部件19上铰接固定层带件16,17,如图6和图7所示。为此,在朝向部件19的内层带件16的一端上设有焊接螺栓43,它通过在外部层带件17的孔穿过固定角件42并用可松开的螺母44被拧紧。固定角件42这样设置在部件19上,使得在内层带件16和部件19的端侧19.1之间一般来说有一个很小的径向台阶。
上述定径套10可在大直径范围内无级调整,并在循环生产过程中使得待制造的塑料管6的尺寸变化成为可能。在尺寸变化过程中,可同时实现对螺杆单元14和齿轮箱37内的齿轮38的驱动,就是说,部件19和层带件16,17可共同配合并被同时调整。为此,在入口端12处始终有一个实质上与层带件16,17所构成的空心圆筒的内径相等的内径。部件19依靠其端侧19.1紧贴在挤出的塑料管6的表面上并用于相对环境密封在真空壳体9内的负压。通过水箱29、通道31、32以及部件19的狭槽21内的水流通道34而受引导的压力水用于加强入口端12处的冷却以及形成针对挤出的塑料管6的滑动冷却的润滑膜的改善并改善真空壳体9的密封。
产量、水压以及由此在挤出的塑料管6上产生的水压可以根据塑料性质、管尺寸以及真空壳体9内的负压而调整。在这里,四个水箱29负责产生所需要的可选择的压力。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于挤出的塑料管的无级调整的定径套,它具有一个入口端(12)和两个层带件(16,17),所述两个层带件以交叉网格形式相互交叉并且在交点处相互铰接,其中入口端(12)和所述层带件(16,17)可根据管内径来调整,该入口端(12)具有设置在径向平面(20)内的、分布在待定径的塑料管(6)的周围的且可径向调节的重叠的部件(19),这些部件在重叠区(23)内具有狭槽(21)并且这些部件交错地相互啮合,所述部件(19)的端侧(19.1)被构造成抵靠到待定径的塑料管(6)上,并且所述层带件(16,17)与所述端侧(19.1)平齐地被铰接固定在所述部件(19)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的定径套,其特征在于:压力水流出口(34)通入所述狭槽(21)内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的定径套,其特征在于:所述压力水流出口(34)仅位于在挤出方向上靠后的狭槽(21)内。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的定径套,其特征在于:所述压力水流出口(34)通过与压力水源相连的部件(19)的管道系统(31、32)供应压力水。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的定径套,其特征在于:所述部件(19)成组地连接到压力水源上。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的定径套,其特征在于:所述部件(19)包括一个入口斜坡(19.2)。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的定径套,其特征在于:每个部件(19)配设一个齿轮箱(37),用于所述部件(19)的径向调节,并且所有的齿轮箱(37)的驱动通过一个电机(36)来实现。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的定径套,其特征在于:所述层带件(16、17)通过轴向突出于所述部件(19)的固定角件(42)与所述部件(19)铰接,所述层带件(16、17)大致平齐地连接到所述部件(19)的端侧(19.1)上。
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DE102005002820.9 | 2005-01-20 | ||
DE102005002820A DE102005002820B3 (de) | 2005-01-20 | 2005-01-20 | Stufenlos einstellbare Kalibrierhülse für extrudierte Kunststoffrohre |
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US (1) | US7112047B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1683624B1 (zh) |
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DE102005002820B3 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
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US7112047B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 |
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