CN1986196B - 用于挤压的塑料管的校准套筒 - Google Patents

用于挤压的塑料管的校准套筒 Download PDF

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CN1986196B
CN1986196B CN2006101701254A CN200610170125A CN1986196B CN 1986196 B CN1986196 B CN 1986196B CN 2006101701254 A CN2006101701254 A CN 2006101701254A CN 200610170125 A CN200610170125 A CN 200610170125A CN 1986196 B CN1986196 B CN 1986196B
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calibration sleeve
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CN1986196A (zh
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J·施穆哈尔
B·迪考斯
R·米彻尔斯
J·莫勒
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/907—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article using adjustable calibrators, e.g. the dimensions of the calibrator being changeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/901—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies
    • B29C48/903—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies externally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/905—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article using wet calibration, i.e. in a quenching tank
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/908—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article characterised by calibrator surface, e.g. structure or holes for lubrication, cooling or venting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911—Cooling
    • B29C48/9115—Cooling of hollow articles
    • B29C48/912—Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films
    • B29C48/913—Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films externally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/919—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling using a bath, e.g. extruding into an open bath to coagulate or cool the material

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  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于挤压的塑料管的校准套筒，该校准套筒具有倾斜于校准装置纵轴线延伸的柔韧的第一层条带，以及柔韧的第二层条带，其中第一层的条带和第二层的条带按一种可拉伸的剪式格栅的方式彼此交叉，并且在交叉点彼此铰接在一起，并且其中第一层或第二层的条带以铰接方式固定在所述校准套筒端部上的一个刚性的可进行轴向调节的止动环上，并且其中另一层的条带以与该止动环保持轴向间距的方式而终止。本发明的任务是，提供一种所述的校准套筒，其内径可以在考虑到挤压的管子的收缩特性的情况下以简单方式进行精确调节。该任务如此得到解决，使得所述第一层和第二层(33、34)的条带位置固定地并且以铰接方式固定在校准套筒(10)的导入件上。

Description

用于挤压的塑料管的校准套筒
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于挤压的塑料管的校准套筒。
背景技术
由现有技术已经公开一些校准套筒，其内径在连续运行中可以在很窄的界限内变化。校准套筒的内径的这种变化用于在考虑到一种取决于不同因素和塑料种类的收缩的情况下在所要求的公差极限范围内来制造塑料管。所述校准套筒的实例可以在DE 203 17 941 U1、DE 20305 616 U1、DE 200 23 052 U1、DE 200 23 052 U1、DE 200 00 872 U1和EP 1 157 805 A1中找到。这些公开的校准套筒的缺点是，由此生产的塑料管和一种圆形的横截面有偏差。
在US 2 981 975中公开了一种校准套筒，它具有第一组和第二组倾斜于校准套筒的纵轴线延伸的柔韧的条带，其中两层条带按一种编织物的方式进行布置，也就是说，两层条带交替着从校准套筒的内侧导引到外侧，由此彼此进行交叉。两层条带在这些交叉点上彼此并不连接，并且仅仅在其端部上以铰接方式固定在一个导入环或导出环上。在导出环位置固定时，导入环可以按一种活塞的方式进行轴向移动。该导入环可以通过一个动力源比如一个压缩空气源得到加载，从而它可以沿着轴向方向快速地来回移动。由于导入环的这种脉动式移动，两组条带在很窄的界限内沿着轴向方向进行脉动式移动，由此它们以这种移动的频率与压出胶(Extrudat)的外表面接触或不与压出胶的外表面接触。在另外一种实施方式中，通过导入环的来回转动来产生相同的效应。
在DE 103 18 137 B3中公开了一种校准套筒，它为连续生产中的尺寸更换而设计，也就是说，它有一个很大的调节范围，该调节范围可以在不停止生产的情况下从一种管径更换到另一种管径。在此，两组相互交叉彼此耦合的条带保证所生产的管子在每种所调节的直径的情况下都具有绝对圆形的横截面。尽管这种校准套筒不是为塑料的收缩设计，但也当然可以通过校准套筒的相应的细微的调节来考虑塑料的收缩。
在DE 10 2004 029 498 B3中公开了所述类型的校准套筒。它同样为在连续生产中的尺寸更换而设计，并且其特征在于，其导入头通过可径向调节的扇形段构成，由此可以避免挤压的塑料管在导入区中的墩粗。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供另外一种所述类型的校准套筒，其内径可以在考虑到所挤压的管子的收缩特性的情况下以简单的方式进行精确调节。
该任务用一种按本发明的校准套筒得到解决。按本发明的用于挤压的塑料管的校准套筒具有倾斜于校准装置纵轴线延伸的柔韧的第一层条带以及柔韧的第二层条带，其中第一层的条带和第二层的条带按一种可拉伸的剪式格栅的方式彼此交叉，并且在交叉点彼此铰接在一起，并且其中第一层或第二层的条带以铰接方式固定在所述校准套筒端部上的一个刚性的可进行轴向调节的止动环上，并且其中另一层的条带以与该止动环保持轴向间距的方式而终止并且第一层和第二层的条带按铰接方式固定在该校准套筒的导入件上，其特征在于，所述导入件是刚性的环形的导入头。
事实已经表明，一种所述结构的校准套筒可以通过对布置在校准套筒的输出端上的止动环进行的轴向调节如此墩粗或拉伸，从而-在导入口上开始-产生校准套筒的收敛的或发散的直径变化。所述可以通过止动环的相应轴向移动实现的校准套筒的直径变化完全足以在考虑到塑料的收缩的情况下在所要求的公差极限范围内制造所产生的塑料管。除此以外，由于两个按一种剪式格栅的方式并合的带层的固有刚性，可以制造出具有精确圆形横截面的塑料管。
附图说明
下面借助于一种实施例对本发明作详细解释。在附图中示出：
图1示出了一种用于制造塑料管的挤压设备及其主要部件的示意图，
图2示出了按照图1的放大截取部分A在校准套筒处于中性调节中的局部剖面图，
图3示出了在校准套筒的最大程度墩粗时按照图2的示意图，并且
图4示出了在校准套筒的最大程度拉伸时按照图2的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1所示的挤压设备包括一个挤压单元1，该挤压单元1具有一个加料漏斗2、一个挤压蜗杆3和一个挤压模具4。通过所述加料漏斗2向挤压单元1中供给粒料或粉末形式的热塑性塑料5。在挤压单元1中对所述粒料或粉末进行加热、揉捏和塑化加工。随后该塑料作为可成型的材料通过所述挤压蜗杆3输送到所述挤压模具4中，并且在那里通过一个环形穿通间隙进行挤压。
在从挤压模具4出来之后，很烫的并且还可变形的管子6借助于一个布置在挤压线的末端上的排出单元7拉过一个校准及冷却单元8，该校准及冷却单元8具有一个真空箱9，该真空箱9则具有一个布置在其入口处的校准套筒10。在离开校准及冷却单元8之后，该管子6移进一个冷却段11中，该管子6在该冷却段11中冷却到室温。
所述离开挤压模具4的管子6由于所使用的冷却工序而经受一个收缩过程，该收缩过程取决于不同的因素，比如取决于所挤压的塑料的种类、挤压速度、塑料管的壁厚、冷却水的温度以及在校准及冷却单元8中的真空。因此，在使用一种刚性的校准套筒10时，必须容忍所挤压的塑料管的很大的公差波动或者必须暂时提供直径不同的校准套筒，而后这些校正套筒应该根据塑料管的收缩特性予以更换。为了避开这些缺点，按现有技术的校正套筒的直径可以变化。在按照图1的挤压设备中所使用的校准套筒10就是这样，以下对其结构作详细解释。
所述校正套筒10具有一个刚性的环形的导入头12和一个刚性的环形的导出头13。所述导出头13的直径稍微大于圆锥形导入头12的最小直径，用于使所挤压的管子6顺利地从校准套筒10出来。
所述导入头12旋紧在一个紧固法兰14上，该紧固法兰14具有一个用于所述挤压的管子6的导通口15。为了对导入头12进行冷却并且同时构成一层由水组成的润滑膜用于对所挤压的管子6进行滑动冷却，所述导入头12具有一个带有一个环状通道16的供水系统，该环状通道16向一个环绕的朝管子表面敞开的槽17供水。
所述导出头13可轴向调节。为此设置两个径向彼此相对的螺母-丝杠-调节单元18、19，以下简称为“调节单元”。每个调节单元18、19具有一个螺母20和一个丝杠21。通过将该丝杠21朝一个或另一个方向转动，将该螺母20旋进一个壳体22中或者从该壳体22中旋出。
所述调节单元18的丝杠21的驱动直接通过一个在所述紧固法兰14与一个第一安装盘24之间延伸的连接轴23进行。该连接轴23在其背离所述紧固法兰14的端部上不可相对转动地与所述丝杠21的端部相连接。该丝杠21在该端部上在一个固定在所述第一安装盘24上的轴承39中导引。在与所述第一安装盘24保持间距的情况下布置一个第二安装盘25，所述调节单元18、19的壳体22法兰连接在该安装盘25上。在第一安装盘24和第二安装盘25之间，一个齿形皮带轮26不可相对转动地安装在丝杠21上。通过该齿形皮带轮26，一根未示出的齿形皮带通过多个导向辊27导引到另一侧上的调节单元19，在附图中仅示出其中一个导向辊27。在另一侧上另一个齿形皮带轮28不可相对转动地安装在丝杠21上，该丝杠21在其背离螺母20的端部上同样在一个法兰连接到所述安装盘24上的轴承29中导引。在校准套筒10的这一侧，在所述紧固法兰14和所述第一安装盘24之间延伸着一根定距管30。
所述调节单元18和19的驱动通过手动借助于一个未示出的曲柄进行，该曲柄可以套接在一个凸肩31上。该凸肩31穿过紧固法兰14，并且可转动地支承在一个旋紧在紧固法兰14上的轴承32中。连接轴23不可相对转动地与所述凸肩31的一个从轴承32中伸出来的端部相连接。
在导入头12和导出头13之间，布置了两个带层33、34，它们按一种剪式格栅的方式彼此交叉，并且在交叉点上彼此铰接。这两个带层33、34共同形成一个多孔的空心圆筒37，所述带层33布置在其内侧上，而带层34则布置在其外侧上。两个带层33、34的条带的端部在导入头12的侧面上以铰接方式定位在角形接头35上，而角形接头35则在导通口15的圆周上旋紧在紧固法兰14上。
在导出头13的侧面上，设置了一个刚性的与导出头13相连接的止动环36。该止动环36用于固定所述带层33的条带的端部，所述端部按铰接方式定位在止动环36的内侧上。而带层34的条带的端部没有在导出头13的侧面上导引到止动环36处，而是以与该止动环36保持轴向间距的方式而终止，并且其端部按铰接方式定位在带层33的条带上。
图2示出校准套筒10的一种中性调节状态。在该调节状态中，由两个带层33、34所形成的空心圆筒37除了所述带层33的形成一个导出圆锥体的定位在止动环36上端部以外，在其整个长度内具有一个保持相同的直径，该直径由带层33、34在止动角形接头35上的固定点所确定。
如果需要改动空心圆筒37的直径使其与所校准的管子6的收缩特性相匹配，那就要相应地对所述调节单元18、19进行调节。图3和4示出两种可达到的最大调节状态。在按照图3的调节情况下，螺母20完全旋入壳体22中，由此所述通过一个法兰38固定在螺母20的端部上的导出头13最大限度地朝导入头12方向进行了轴向移动。由此就对空心圆筒37的带层33、34进行墩粗，由于在所述两个带层33、34的交叉点上的间隙，这种墩粗过程使空心圆筒37朝导出头13方向进行轻微的锥形扩径。由此产生一个直径dmax，该直径确定了所校准的管子6的外径并且大于空心圆筒37在导入头12的侧面上的直径。
在图4所示的情况中，螺母20最大限度地从壳体22出旋出，也就是说，导出头13最大限度地远离了导入头12。由此，对带层33、34进行了拉伸，这就导致空心圆筒37在导出头13的侧面上进行收缩。该空心圆筒37由此在导入头12的侧面上开始具有一种收敛的形状，其最小的直径dmin在导出头13的侧面上。显而易见，当然也可以在按照图3和图4的最大调节状态之间调节出所有的中间调节状态。

Claims (1)

1. 用于挤压的塑料管的校准套筒，具有倾斜于校准装置纵轴线延伸的柔韧的第一层条带以及柔韧的第二层条带，其中第一层的条带和第二层的条带按一种可拉伸的剪式格栅的方式彼此交叉，并且在交叉点彼此铰接在一起，并且其中第一层或第二层的条带以铰接方式固定在所述校准套筒端部上的一个刚性的可进行轴向调节的止动环上，并且其中另一层的条带以与该止动环保持轴向间距的方式而终止并且第一层和第二层的条带按铰接方式固定在该校准套筒的导入件上，其特征在于，所述导入件是刚性的环形的导入头(12)。
CN2006101701254A 2005-12-22 2006-12-22 用于挤压的塑料管的校准套筒 Expired - Fee Related CN1986196B (zh)

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