CN1838916A - 插入椎间植入物的器械和方法 - Google Patents

插入椎间植入物的器械和方法 Download PDF

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CN1838916A
CN1838916A CNA2004800238423A CN200480023842A CN1838916A CN 1838916 A CN1838916 A CN 1838916A CN A2004800238423 A CNA2004800238423 A CN A2004800238423A CN 200480023842 A CN200480023842 A CN 200480023842A CN 1838916 A CN1838916 A CN 1838916A
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Prior art keywords
arm
implant
distance piece
dimple
underarm
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西尔赖·玛纳伊
鲁道夫·伯特阿格
弗兰克·玛格
斯蒂芬·埃克霍夫
戴维·L·尼克尔斯
克里斯托夫·盖瑟特
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DePuy Spine LLC
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Spine Solutions Inc
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Publication of CN1838916A publication Critical patent/CN1838916A/zh
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  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

插入椎间植入物(210)的器械(90)和方法。植入物(210)的插入通过在具有臂(91A,91B)的插入器械(90)的臂(1,2)之间抓住所述植入物(210)来完成,所述臂(91A,91B)彼此分开,并且彼此相对的靠拢在植入物(210)上,以便插入器械的臂(91A,91B)的末端接合植入物(210)的凹座(214,217)。可以在插入器械(90)的臂(1,2)之间提供间隔件(60)来帮助放置被所述臂握着时的植入物(210)。

Description

插入椎间植入物的器械和方法
发明领域
本发明涉及椎间植入物,并且更具体地,它涉及新的而且改进的插入椎间植入物的器械和方法。
发明背景
目前,当需要将椎间盘从邻近的椎骨之间完全移走时,常规的治疗法是将邻近的椎骨融合在一起。最近,在椎间盘置换(即,椎间盘关节造形术)领域已有了重要的发展,其涉及将人造的椎间植入物插入邻近的椎骨之间的椎间空间中,并且允许邻近的椎骨相对于彼此进行有限的万向运动。
结合这样的人造椎间植入物的发展,开发出了用于插入人造椎间植入物的器械。这样的器械在2001年3月22日出版的已公开申请No.WO 01/19295中示出。被开发来与所述器械一起使用的人造椎间植入物在2001年1月11日出版的已公开申请No.WO01/01893中示出。
尽管这些公布中所示出的新的器械、方法以及人造椎间植入物代表了本领域中的重大改进,但对插入人造椎间植入物的器械和方法领域中的改进存在持续的需要,尤其是结合新开发的人造椎间植入物的器械和方法。
一个这样的需要进一步改进的领域包括将人造椎间植入物插入颈脊椎的器械和方法。这是因为颈脊椎以及椎骨之间的椎间空间尺寸相当小。例如,面对的邻近颈椎骨表面的面积可能只有腰部区域中椎骨面对表面的约20%,从而使得这里成为插入椎间植入物极端脆弱的区域。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供新的并且改进的将椎间植入物插入椎间空间,尤其是颈脊椎中的器械以及伴随的方法。
一般情况下,椎间植入物是从病人的前部移向病人的后部来插入的。然而,应该理解,还可以设计和安排植入物、器械以及方法来侧向(即,从侧面)插入植入物,在这种情形中,植入物将被构造成适合于这样的侧向运动,并且邻近椎骨中的任何切口将被开向侧面。虽然,术语“前面”和“后面”有时以针对病人身体的常规意义来使用,但为方便起见,本发明在此将主要针对与器械和方法本身相关的更简单的术语来描述。例如,在描述本发明时,术语“前”或者“向前”意味着器械面向椎骨的那部分,或者正在朝向椎骨运动的方向上移动,同时,文字“背后”、“后”或者“向后”是指器械离椎骨最远的那端,或者正从椎骨移开。还有,在本申请中,使用文字“上面的”或“下面的”或“最上面的”或“最下面的”,或者描述与本申请相关联的椎间植入物或器械或方法的方位的任何其他文字,仅仅是为了方便,并不打算传达任何限制。更具体地,本申请中参照上部分所描述的植入物、器械和/或方法的部分事实上可以作为上部分或下部分置于病人的椎骨中,其中这两个部分中的另一个为相反的部分。
虽然,本发明所开发的器械和方法已被用于颈脊椎,并且对颈脊椎尤其有利,但它们对于脊椎中的任何位置,包括腰部脊椎,同样适用。因此,本发明的器械和方法将被更概括地描述,没有具体地指明脊椎的任何特定部分。
本发明的器械和方法尤其适合用于具有上部分和下部分的椎间植入物,所述上部分和下部分相对于彼此经受有限的万向运动,其中上、下部分的上、下表面接合邻近的椎骨表面,并且其中植入物具有龙骨,所述龙骨从上、下部分的椎骨接合表面延伸到邻近椎骨中所形成的切口中,并且其中这些龙骨具有用于容纳插入器械的凹座,所述插入器械被利用来将椎间植入物插入到椎间空间中,其中所述龙骨被定位在所述切口中。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供插入椎间植入物的器械和方法。
根据第一实施方案以及伴随的方法,提供一种插入器械,所述插入器械包括一对被连接到本体的臂,并且包括用于将所述臂分开,然后使它们合在一起的交叉联动机构,以便所述臂的端牢固地接合椎间植入物,其中所述臂的小外末端被接合在植入物龙骨的凹座中。可以在离植入物接合端远的那端提供调节器,所述调节器可转动来操作交叉联动机构,以分开或者闭合所述器械的臂。
根据另一个器械以及它的方法,提供一种非常简单、优选的塑料插入器械,其中邻近植入物接合端的臂被弹性地驱使来靠着植入物,从而固定所述植入物。在一个实施方案中,提供拇指滑动件或者其他机构来将臂彼此分开到打开的位置。在另一个实施方案中,塑料插入器械具有一对弹性材料制成的臂,所述臂在它们的松弛状态下,可移到植入物上,在此之后,当它们被进一步移到植入物上,并且移进凹口221和223中时,它们被分得更开,产生将所述臂固定到植入物上的弹性力。在任一种实施方案中,为了将所述臂从植入物移走,仅需抓住并且强行将其从植入物移走。由于所述臂的弹性特性,它从植入物的龙骨出来时不会对植入物造成损害。
根据插入器械以及它的伴随方法的另一个实施方案,提供像剪那样的插入器械,其中两个枢轴地安装的像剪那样的臂在它与植入物接合端具有某种结构,所述结构像上面所描述的插入器械实施方案那样,接合在植入物龙骨的凹座中。另外,这种实施方案包括可移动到植入物上、下部分之间某个位置的间隔件,以使得植入物在它被上、下臂拿着时保持稳固,和/或造成解剖角度的形成。所述间隔件被可移走地固定到像剪那样的插入器械,以便可以针对不同尺寸的植入物,提供不同尺寸的间隔件。
因此,本发明的一个目标是提供新的并且改进的插入椎间植入物的器械。
提供新的并且改进的插入椎间植入物的方法是本发明的另一个目标。
本发明的上述目标和其他目标通过以下结合附图的详细说明将会更为清楚明了。
附图说明
本发明的优选实施方案现将参见附图,以实施例的方式来描述,其中:
图1是能够通过本发明的器械和方法来插入的那种类型的椎间植入物的透视图;
图2是图1的中央剖视图;
图3是图1植入物下部分的顶部透视图;
图4是图1植入物的塑料嵌体的顶部透视图;
图5是一对邻近的椎骨的示意性视图,所述椎骨已准备好,以使用器械,并且根据本发明的方法来容纳植入物;
图6示出了图5的椎骨,该图是从图5的线6-6的方向来看,并且示出了定位于待插入位置的已装配的植入物,并且示出了插入器械的一部分;
图7更详细地示出了图6所示的那部分插入器械;
图8示出了图5的椎骨,其中植入物在那里安装就位,并且插入器械的那部分仍与植入物接合;
图9示出了椎骨,其中植入物在原位,并且插入器械被移走;
图10是插入器械第一实施方案的透视图,以闭合状态示出;
图11是图10的纵向剖视图;
图12是部分图11的放大视图;
图13是沿图12的线13-13所获得的部分剖视图;
图14是图10和11的插入器械的剖视图,但以打开状态示出;
图15是类似于图11的纵向剖视图,但示出处于打开状态的插入器械;
图16是图10的顶部平面视图;
图17是插入器械另一个实施方案的纵向剖视图,以闭合状态示出;
图18是图17的一部分的放大视图,以剖视图示出;
图19是插入器械另一个实施方案的透视图,以闭合状态示出;
图20是图19的植入物接合端的放大视图;
图21是类似于20的视图,但其中多个部分被移走,以示出内部特征;
图22是图21的端的放大视图,示出了处于被移动状态的部件;
图23是类似于图20的视图,但示出了插入器械的另一个实施方案;
图23A示出了将植入物附着到图23的插入器械的方法;
图24是插入器械另一个实施方案的透视图;
图25是图24的植入物接合端的放大透视图;
图26A和26B分别示出了图24插入器械的两个臂;
图27是图24插入器械的侧正视图;
图28是图27的顶部平面视图;
图29是沿图27的线29-29所获得的部分剖视图;
图30是图24的间隔件的顶部平面视图;
图31是图30的间隔件的侧正视图;
图32是间隔件已放置在其上的植入物的底部的平面视图;
图33是间隔件已放置在其中的植入物的侧视图;
图33A和33B是类似于图33的侧视图,但示出了某些改变;以及
图34-37示出了图24-33的插入器械操作中的不同步骤,其中图37相对于图34-36被大大地放大了。
具体实施方式
现参见附图,在所有几个视图中,同样的元件由同样的标号来表示。
图1-4示出了被构造来使用器械,并且根据本发明的方法来插入的植入物。图1和2示出了已装配的椎间植入物210,所述椎间植入物包括上部分211和下部分230,以及塑料嵌体250,所述嵌体250位于上、下部分之间,但基本上被连接到下部分230。图3详细示出了下部分230,以及图4详细示出了塑料嵌体250,所述嵌体250适合于以下面要描述的方式来连接到下部分230。
上部分211包括接合并且支撑邻近的椎骨表面的上表面212。上表面212以整个围绕微的稍斜切的棱边为界,如213所示,所示出的斜切面的大部分沿前表面。在斜切的棱边213以下,所述上部分以具有前支撑切口215的围绕的侧壁214为界。因此,在这个图中,如下所述的龙骨的所示出的方位为从前面到背面,其中龙骨的实心部分面向前,并且插入接合凹座面向后。
在上部分211的上表面212上凸起的是龙骨216,所述龙骨包括被形成在其中的凹座217。所述凹座向上并向后开放。参见图2,所述凹座在它的基部包括凹口221。龙骨216的前端包括V形上斜面219。参见图1,龙骨前端的下部分呈V形斜面220的形式。为了使得龙骨易于插入形成在邻近椎骨中的切口,两个V形斜面219和220提供“箭”形的前端。所述凹座的后开口在218处向外展开,以将龙骨216的后端紧固在它在邻近椎骨中的切口中。
上部分211包括平面的下内表面224,所述内表面224包括界定了凹球形部分225的凸起边226。所述球形部分225与塑料嵌体250的凸表面252相配。
下部分230包括椎骨支撑并接合下表面231,以及上内表面232。所述下部分包括在表面232以下,并且在基部表面238以上形成于它的内侧壁的槽233和234。基本上平坦的壁235从基部表面238向上延伸到上表面232。
下部分230包括背面支撑切口237。龙骨240从下表面231向上凸起(或者以通常的方位,向下延伸)。所述龙骨包括向下并向后开的凹座241,并且在242处具有漏斗形入口,所述入口提供与漏斗形入口218同样的功能,即,使得龙骨的后端易于耦合在椎骨中的切口中。凹座241向下并且向后开,并且包括凹口243。在它的前端,龙骨240包括V形下斜面245和V形垂直部分(未示出),二者一起提供“箭”形前端,以使得龙骨易于插入在邻近椎骨中所形成的它的切口中。参见图3和4,塑料嵌体250包括滑入下部分中的槽233和234的一对侧凸缘253和254。塑料嵌体250的底部可以包括凸出部分(图2中可见),当塑料嵌体被插入下部分230中时,所述凸出部分弹压在基部表面238中所形成的凹座244中。
图1-4所示,并且要通过本发明的器械和方法来插入的椎间植入物主要被设计来用于插入颈脊锥中。当在平面视图中来看时,所述植入物的宽度将约为12-16mm,并且长度约为15-19mm。提供三种不同的尺寸,15mm×19mm,14mm×17mm以及16mm×19mm,已认为是可行的。植入物的高度,指从上部分的上表面212到下部分的下表面231的高度,一般情况下将在5mm和9mm之间。尽管所述植入物特别被设计来应用于更脆弱、更小的颈脊椎,但在此所描述的原理也适用于具有不同尺寸和设计的椎间植入物,例如用于腰部脊椎中的。
上、下部分由合适的材料(例如,钛、钴铬钼、不锈钢或者陶瓷)制成。上部分的上表面和下部分的下表面,以及龙骨的侧表面,用钛的可渗透涂层来涂覆。涂层的多孔性理想地允许脉管形成和成骨细胞形成与随后的骨生长一起进行。
在可以使用本发明的器械,以及着手本发明的方法来插入植入物之前,当然需要通过提供对相关椎间空间的通道,并且通过清理相关椎间空间来使病人作好准备。这样的准备一旦完成,将实验性植入物插入椎间空间中,以确定哪个实验性植入物是正确的,从而确定要插入椎间空间中的植入物的尺寸。用于颈脊椎的实验性植入物可以以三种不同的表面积来提供,以与植入物的三种基本尺寸匹配,即,当在平面视图中来看时,为12mm×15mm,14mm×17mm,以及16mm×19mm。然后,这三种表面积中的每一种可以以从5mm到9mm(包括5mm和9mm)的5种不同高度来提供,于是提供了一组15个的实验性植入物。然后,将在邻近的椎骨中形成切口来容纳龙骨。
然后,使用本发明的插入器械和方法,将植入物插入椎间空间中。
插入过程被大致示出并描述在图5-9中。图5是在已清理的椎间空间I相对侧的一对邻近椎骨V的前视图。作为椎间植入物插入的准备,切口C应该已形成。如图6所示,这些切口从椎骨的前面开始,并且朝椎骨的后面延伸大部分而不是所有的距离,每个切口沿它的整个长度与椎骨面对椎间空间的表面相交。如果由凿子形成的话,后端可以是不偏不倚或者后倾的,如线D所示。切口C在椎骨V中的深度通过精确地控制切割工具的深度来确立。
图6示出了正对着已备好的邻近椎骨右侧的已装配并且准备被插入的椎间植入物,以及对着椎间植入物右侧的是一部分插入器械90的示意性图示。所述插入器械包括被安排来如图6的箭头B所指示的那样彼此接近和分开的上下臂91A和91B。一种使所述臂彼此接近和分开的机构是图7部分示出的交叉联动机构98。上臂91A和下臂91B包括分别与凹座217和214接合的狭窄的龙骨接合部分92A和92B。这些臂包括接近它们外端的凸出部分93A和93B,所述凸出部分被分别构造来容纳在凹口221和243中。应该注意,这些龙骨接合部分92A和92B相当狭窄。事实上,应该考虑每个龙骨的总宽度将大约为2mm,从而允许实际的凹座少于2mm。臂91A和91B还包括侧向支撑表面94A和94B,当器械与植入物接合时,所述侧向支撑表面94A和94B将接合前支撑切口215和237。臂91A和91B将被分隔开,正好足以使得凸出部分93A和93B通过凹座217和241的底部,直到这些凸出部分抵达凹口221和234,在这个时候,臂91A和91B将彼此接近,以便所述凸出部分接合在所述凹口中,并且侧向支撑表面94A和94B被接合在切口215和237中。在这个位置,分别在上、下臂91A和91B的邻接表面95A和95B将彼此毗邻,从而限制了臂91A和91B进一步移向彼此。
为了将植入物附着到插入器械,以适当的方式握着所述植入物并将臂92A和92B张开,将所述植入物移入凹座217、241,并且闭合所述臂92A和92B,以便突出部分93A和93B接合凹口221和243。可替换地,植入物可以被放在下臂上,其中臂92B在凹座241中,并且突出部分93B在凹口223中,在此之后,可以使得上臂92A下降到凹座217中,其中突出部分93A进入凹口221。从而随着所述植入物被附着到插入器械,所述插入器械将整个植入物移入椎间空间I中,其中龙骨216和240进入切口C中,而在龙骨后方并且跟它邻近的表面212和231接合邻近的椎骨表面。
应该注意,图8中,在龙骨凹座217和241中,在臂91A之上以及臂91B之下,存在一定的空间,所述空间的垂直尺寸比突出部分93A和93B的高度要大,一般情况下,该尺寸将约为1.2mm。这一点是必要的,以便在上、下臂91A和91B能够水平移出切口之前,臂91A和91B能够分别从它们各自的凹座基部向上和向下移开,以使得凸出部分从它们各自的凹口解脱出来,而不会在切口C的至高端接合椎骨。然后,可以从植入物前面移出臂91A和91B,剩下所述植入物在如图9所示的地方。
图10-16示出插入器械的第一实施方案。
这种交叉联动的插入器械包括本体3,所述本体3在其后端具有调节器4,并且在其向前端具有臂1和2。这些臂1和2的前方,所示出的有图6、7和8示出的插入器械的臂91A和91B,其中臂91A和91B握着已装配的植入物210。
图11,像图10那样,示出了插入器械,其中处于闭合状态的臂1和2握着植入物210。参见示出处于闭合状态的插入器械的图11,以及示出处于打开状态的插入器械的图14和15,可见臂1和2被操作来彼此接近和分开,或者更具体地,相对于本体3升高臂1,而臂2固定不动。用于升高臂1的机构包括交叉联动机构,所述联动机构包括第一连杆5,所述第一连杆5在其一端具有枢销6,并且在另一端具有枢销7。第二连杆8在其一端具有枢销9,并且在相反的一端具有第二销10。如图10中所见的那样,两个后枢销7和10可以在槽22和23中经历有限的水平运动。第三连杆11在其一端借助于枢销10被连接到第二连杆8,在它的另一端借助于枢销12被连接到套筒13。套筒13又被附着到螺杆15,所述螺杆15在销16被附着到正方形横截面杆17,所述杆17被可滑动地容纳在调节器4中的正方形开口18中。弹簧19搁靠在本体3中的肩上,并且驱使杆15和16向左,即,向使臂处于打开位置的方向。
图10-16的插入器械操作如下。参见图12和13,螺杆15接合斜垫圈14,所述斜垫圈14被固定在下臂2(下臂2在它很远的右手端向上延伸来实际上覆盖工具的整个周边)的右手端和本体部分3的左手端之间的空间中。为了打开器械,即,从图10和11的位置移到图14和15的位置,转动调节器4。正方形凹座18接合正方形轴杆17,转动它,然后通过销16转动螺杆15。这导致杆15通过它与斜垫圈14的螺纹接合来移向右。这导致被可旋转地容纳在套筒13中的杆15的端21来移动套筒13向左,从而还移动连杆11向左。通过观察图11和15中各个连杆的位置,明显可见,连杆11的这种向左的运动移动了所有其他连杆,从而相对于下臂2向上移动上臂1。为了将该插入器械从图15的位置闭合到图10和11的位置,简单地压下上臂1的拇指接合部分。这将向下移动连杆11,从而移动套筒13向右。这又将移动螺杆15向右,使得它的螺纹简单地滑过垫圈14的凸耳22(见图13)。
图17和18示出了交叉联动插入器械的另一个实施方案25。除在它右手端的圆形调节器26以及图18中详细示出的螺纹接合机构以外,这种插入器械类似于图10-16的插入器械。因此,在图17和18中,与图10-16中示出的那些元件同样的元件由相同的标号表示。
参见图18,在这个情形中,斜垫圈14被锥形的垫圈或者螺母27代替。在螺母27的左边,锥体摩擦地接合在下臂2的右手端上形成的圆锥形壁28。因此,当通过转动调节器26来使螺杆15向左移时,螺母27的圆锥形部分摩擦地接合圆锥形表面28,这防止了螺母27旋转,螺杆15借此被拧过螺母27来移动套筒13,从而向左移动连杆11来以上面针对图35-39的实施方案所描述的相同的方式来向上移动上臂1。为了闭合联动机构,即,向下移动臂1,又一次抓住并向下推动臂1的手指接合顶部。如前面的实施方案的情形中那样,这将以像移动连杆11向右那样的方式来移动连杆。这移动了套筒13,并且从而还向右移动螺杆15。垫圈27变成与圆锥形壁28脱离。本体3的面壁29以低摩擦力的方式与螺母27的右手一侧结合,螺母因此27可以旋转,允许螺杆15向右进行简化运动,导致臂1朝臂2闭合到图17所示的位置的动作。将植入物附着到图10-18的器械,以及将植入物插入椎间空间中,基本上如上面针对图5-9所描述的那样。
图19-22示出插入器械的另一个实施方案30。这个实施方案非常简单,从而是经济的。基本上,这个插入器械30包括塑料本体31,所述塑料本体31具有与本体31整体形成的前部分32,并且包括上、下臂33和34。图19中,示出插入器械30处于它的闭合状态,握着植入物210。
图20和21示出插入器械30的前部分32。图20示出拇指滑动件35和销36,而在图21中,侧壁的部分以及拇指滑动件35被移走,从而显露将被附着到拇指滑动件35的销38,以及接合销36的杆37。一般情况下,两个臂33和34被弹性地驱向彼此,到一个闭合的植入物握着位置。然而,参见图22,通过移动杆37向左,销36拱出它的凹座39,并且驱使臂33和34分开,从而打开插入器械。
将植入物附着到图19-22的器械,以及将植入物插入椎间空间中基本上与上面针对图5-9所描述的相同。
图23示出插入器械的另一个实施方案。这个实施方案40类似于图19-22的实施方案,除了它甚至被更高度地简化以外。本体41的前方是前部分40,所述前部分40在其外端包括上、下臂42和43,所述上下臂是由弹性的材料做成,并且在它们的静止状态是展开的,如图23所示。这个实施方案不包括使臂42和43彼此分开的分离机构。为了将植入物附着到图23的器械,人们将在塑料嵌体250的球形表面周围移动植入物的上部分,如图23A所示,以便龙骨的前底部比突出部分42和43在松弛状态下的间距彼此稍微更近,如示出的那样,臂42和43然后被移入凹座中,直到凸出部分93A和93B移到凹口221和243中,并且顶部旋回到它的正确位置。当顶部旋回到它的正确位置时,臂42和43被进一步分开,从而在臂中产生弹力来将它们固定到植入物上。插入器械40被制成具有某种程度的弹性,以便插入器械40可以被简单地从已插入的植入物里拉出,于是凸出部分93A和93B将简单地向上拱出它们各自的凹口221和243,但不伤害已插入的植入物。这是因为在植入物已被插入,并且邻近椎骨已松弛(肿胀已去除),以便允许邻近椎骨相对于植入物来移动之后,所述植入物然后将被邻近椎骨以非常强大的力来固定,以致于移走器械40的力比较起来相对较小,使得凸出部分93A和93B能够轻易地向上拱出它们各自的凹口,如上面所描述的那样。
参见图24和25,以透视图分别示出整个插入器械45以及它的向前端的放大视图。这个插入器械包括第一臂46和第二臂47,所述臂被以剪的方式安装在共同的枢轴上,所述枢轴是在锁紧螺母65的区域中,如下面更详细描述的那样。间隔管55从位于它的后端的调节器57沿器械的长度延伸到位于它的相反端(即向前的端)的打开端56。
两个臂46和47在枢轴连接的后方基本上是共面的,并且对着间隔管的一侧。这两个臂然后在枢轴连接的附近侧向弯曲,以便它们在它们的枢轴连接的向前方,变成与间隔管55共面。
在该插入器械的向前端,最好正如图25中看到的那样,臂46和47中的每一个分别具有狭窄的龙骨连接端50和48,所述龙骨连接端50和48中的每一个在它的端分别具有突出部分51和49,所述突出部分51和49分别接合植入物中的凹座243和221。臂47具有大致平坦的间隔件接合部件47B,并且臂46具有类似的大致平坦的间隔件接合部件46B。
参见图25以及图30和31,该插入器械包括具有扩大的间隔件头70以及轴杆71的间隔件60,所述轴杆71被可移走地固定在间隔管55中。使间隔件成为可移走的目的是,以便针对不同尺寸的植入物,可以利用不同尺寸的间隔件。
图26A和26B分别示出彼此分开的两个臂47和46。臂47包括拇指/手指控制部分47A,中央的平坦圆形部分47C,以及前面所描述的平坦间隔件接合部件47B。包括狭窄的向前端48和部件47B的这一端从上方接合植入物和间隔件。图26B示出另一个臂46,臂46所包括的部分类似于臂47的那些,包括拇指/手指控制部分46A,平坦的中央圆形部分46C以及向前的端,所述向前的端包括狭窄的向前端50和平坦的下间隔件接合部件46B,其中部件46B和50从下方接合植入物和间隔件。脊状的锁紧凸缘48D在其相反侧包括多个脊,当向脊47D降低时,所述脊将把两个臂锁在一起。
参见图27-29,将看到插入器械45是通过将两个圆形平坦部分46C和47C相对放置彼此倚靠而制成的,其中部分47C最靠近锁紧螺母65,并且部分46C最靠近管55,如图29最佳示出的那样。通过平坦的中央部分46C和47C中的开口,并且在开口的另一端包括将固定的间隔管55的向前部分和后部分牢固固定的套筒67,两个平坦的中央部分46C和47C被锁紧螺母65以及穿过其中的轴杆66固定在一起。应该发现,当从上方朝它们的枢轴连接的后面看时,两个臂46和47大致共面,它们都朝向间隔管55弯曲,以便当从上方看时,两个臂的向前端与间隔管55大致共面。
图30和31示出了间隔件60。所述间隔件包括扩大的头70和轴杆71。所述轴杆由具有足够弹性的弯曲弹性材料制成,以便当轴杆71被插入间隔管55的端56时,轴杆71的弹性将导致它被固定在间隔管55中。间隔件头70在它的顶部和底部分别包括突出部分72和73。为了明确地定位间隔件头70,凸出部分72和73分别接合部件47B和46B中微凹的凹座74和75,从而当部件47B和46B被闭合从而靠拢间隔件时,间隔件本身在它们之间的适当位置上。
图32和33示出了间隔件60在它完全操作状态中的位置,其中臂46和47将处于它们固定植入物210的闭合状态。在那个位置上,间隔件60被置于下部分的正好在塑料嵌体250后方的非常小的突台上,而间隔件60的上棱边在凸起边226的向后方接合上部分底部最向后的表面,以防止上、下部分相对塑料嵌体50旋转使上下部分的后部的间距比间隔件60所允许的间距更小。图33A和33B示出怎样使用间隔件来造成解剖角度的形成。在图33A中,较薄的间隔件60被用来产生脊椎后凸角度,而在图33B中,较厚的间隔件60被用来产生脊椎前凸角度。
尽管插入植入物的方法从上面对器械的讨论中将是明显的,以下对本发明的方法仍有一个简短的概括。
一旦椎间空间已准备好,并且切口C已形成,就可以使用各种插入器械来插入植入物了。
根据一种使用交叉联动插入器械的插入方法,转动调节器4来将臂1和2彼此移开(实际上,向上将臂1从臂2移开,臂2相对于本体3是固定的)。然后已装配的植入物被放在臂1和臂2之间,并且更具体地,在臂1和2的龙骨接合部分91A和91B之间,如上所述,并且交叉联动机构被闭合。为了闭合这个机构,人们在上臂1的拇指接合部分上简单地下推。这导致交叉联动的臂自由地移向右,因为接合交叉联动的螺纹的结构是自由地允许向螺杆的右边(即,向闭合状态)运动的那种结构。在一种结构中,这种向右,向闭合状态的自由运动是允许的,因为斜垫圈接合螺杆,并且防止它向左(即,向剪子联动的打开状态)自由运动。在另一种结构中,提供达到摩擦阻力要求的锥形螺母来代替斜垫圈,并且不是导致螺杆向左(向打开状态)的螺纹运动,而是移动到没有摩擦的位置,以在对上臂1施加向下的压力时,允许螺杆向右自由运动来将交叉联动移动到闭合的、植入物接合的位置。从而随着植入物被插入器械抓住,植入物被移入椎间空间中。然后将以如上所述的方式来移开两个臂1和2,使它们分开得足以让凸出部分93A和93B脱离凹口221和243,在此之后,插入器械将被向后移出植入物,留下植入物在原位。
使用图19-22的插入器械,人们将移动拇指滑动件35来使得臂33和34彼此分开。然后,植入物将被装配在所述臂上,如上所述。然后,通过在另一方向上(即,向左)移动拇指滑动件,如图22最佳示出的那样,已被移向左来分开臂33和34的销36然后将向右移到凹座39中,从而允许臂33和34向闭合状态弹性地彼此接近,在该闭合状态,这些臂的末端将握着植入物。
操作图23的插入器械的方法将稍微不同于操作图19-22的插入器械的方法。就图23的插入器械来说,没有拇指滑动件,没有凹座39,并且没有销36。为了将植入物安装在这个插入器械上,操作人员将在臂33和34之间插入稍微倾斜的植入物,如图23A所示,以允许这些臂的端移入龙骨凹座,直到凸出部分93A和93B抵达并接合各自的凹口221和243。在植入物已被插入之后,通过人力地从植入物拉出臂33和34,将图23的插入器械移走。
图24-37所示的插入器械的操作方法将在下面描述,尤其参见图34-37来进行。
在使用这个插入器械的时候,正确尺寸的植入物通过实验性植入物的使用将已经确定。参见图34,正确尺寸的间隔件60的弹性轴杆71被插入管55的开端56,并且被一路移入,直到轴环76贴身地配合在管55的所述端中,其中轴杆71的弹性弯曲使得这个间隔件固定在管中的适当位置上。接下来,如图35所示,植入物的底部230被放置在臂46上,并且具体在向前的狭窄端50上,以便它的凸出部分51接合龙骨240中的凹座243。在这个时候,将间隔件60的向前端放来靠着下部分的后部,如图35所示,这个位置也在图32中示出。接下来,植入物的上部分211被放在上臂47上,并且具体在上臂47的狭窄前端48上,以便凸出部分49接合龙骨216中的凹座221。这一点可以通过这些部件之间轻微的摩擦配合来完成,或者在不存在摩擦配合时,人们将简单地在如图36所示的这个上臂上的适当位置握着上部分,直到下一步将这两个臂闭合在一起。最后,如图37所示,使得臂46和47的向前端以及安装在其上的上、下植入物部分集合在一起,其中植入物被这些臂46和47牢固地握着,并且间隔件防止上、下部分的后端比间隔件60所允许的靠得更近,如图33和37所示。如上面所提到的那样,更窄或者更厚的间隔件60可以被用来分别产生脊椎后凸角度或者脊椎前凸角度。
现在,移动插入器械来将植入物210带到椎间空间中,其中龙骨216和240进入切口C,如针对更早的实施方案所讨论的那样,并且如针对图5、6、8和9所描述的那样。在该插入器械的这段最终插入部分期间,通过凸出部分72和73分别接合在凹座74和75中,间隔件60以及部件46B和47B面对的表面被相对于彼此固定。
一旦植入物在适当的位置,插入器械的移走基本上与上面针对其他实施方案所描述的一样,在其中,臂46和47被稍微分开,以便凸出部分49和50能够移出凹座221和243,而狭窄端48和50的顶部和底部还没有分别接合邻近的椎骨表面,因此狭窄端48和50能够被撤出龙骨,并且插入器械能被移走。
虽然本发明已针对其优选实施方案进行了相当详细的描述,但显然,本发明可以具有许多修改和变化,这些修改和变化对于本领域的技术人员来说是明显的。

Claims (52)

1.将椎间植入物插入椎间空间的器械,包括
彼此连接并且包括上臂和下臂的一对臂,所述臂可朝彼此闭合来将椎间植入物固定在它们之间,并且可彼此分开,每个臂在它的外端包括凹座接合部分,所述凹座接合部分适合于被插入所述椎间植入物的凹座中。
2.根据权利要求1的器械,所述臂被连接到交叉联动机构来使得所述臂彼此闭合和分开。
3.根据权利要求2的器械,所述交叉联动机构被可操作地连接到所述上臂和下臂,并且还被可操作地连接到所述器械上的螺杆、螺纹接合装置,以便所述螺杆在一个方向上的运动移动所述交叉联动机构来使所述臂分开,并且所述螺杆在另一个方向上的运动使所述臂闭合。
4.根据权利要求3的器械,包括多边形横截面的无螺纹杆,所述无螺纹杆被连接到所述螺杆,并且延伸到位于所述器械的与所述臂相反的端的调节器中,其中所述多边形杆的旋转运动转动所述螺杆,以推进它来操作所述交叉联动机构。
5.根据权利要求3的器械,其中所述螺杆在斜垫圈处螺纹地接合所述器械,当所述杆被移动到分开所述臂的位置时,所述斜垫圈接合所述螺纹,并且在没有转动所述螺杆的情况下,所述斜垫圈允许所述螺纹在相反的方向上滑过所述斜垫圈来使所述臂闭合。
6.根据权利要求3的器械,其中所述杆在锥形螺母处螺纹地接合本体,当所述杆被移动到分开所述臂的位置时,所述锥形螺母接合所述螺纹来导致所述杆的旋转运动,并且允许所述螺纹在相反的方向上移动,在没有转动所述螺杆的情况下,允许所述螺杆运动来使所述臂闭合。
7.根据权利要求1的器械,所述臂被连接到本体,并且是弹性材料的,以便拥有使所述臂彼此分开的自然弹性。
8.根据权利要求7的器械,在所述臂之间的空间中包括销,所述销被定位在销凹座中,以允许所述臂闭合在一起。
9.根据权利要求8的器械,在所述本体上包括拇指滑动件,所述拇指滑动件与所述销是可接合的,由此当所述销在所述销凹座中时,所述拇指滑动件的运动将所述销移出所述销凹座,以使得所述臂分开。
10.根据权利要求1的器械,其中所述上臂和下臂在介于接合所述植入物的向前端与所述臂的后端之间被枢轴地彼此连接。
11.根据权利要求10的器械,包括安装在所述上臂和下臂之间的间隔件,所述间隔件在所述上臂和下臂固定所述植入物时接合所述植入物。
12.根据权利要求11的器械,其中所述间隔件被可移走地安装在所述器械中,以便可以使用不同尺寸的间隔件。
13.根据权利要求11的器械,包括位于所述上臂和下臂的向前端并且位于它们之间的,与所述上、下臂大致共面的间隔管。
14.根据权利要求13的器械,包括可移走地安装在所述间隔管中,以便它的向前端接合所述植入物的间隔件。
15.根据权利要求14的器械,其中所述间隔件厚到足以将所述上部分移到脊椎前凸角度。
16.根据权利要求14的器械,其中所述间隔件薄到足以允许所述上部分移到脊椎后凸角度。
17.根据权利要求11的器械,在所述上臂和下臂上包括平坦部分,从而在所述臂被移到一起时接合所述间隔件。
18.根据权利要求17的器械,在所述间隔件与它的邻近平坦部分之间包括接合装置。
19.一种将椎间植入物插入椎间空间的器械,包括:
彼此连接并且包括上臂和下臂的一对臂,所述臂可朝彼此闭合来将椎间植入物的上部分和下部分固定在它们之间,并且可彼此分开;以及
间隔件,所述间隔件位于所述臂之间,以在固定所述植入物时,限制所述上部分和下部分朝向彼此的运动。
20.根据权利要求19的器械,其中所述上臂和下臂在介于接合所述植入物的向前端与所述臂的后端之间被枢轴地彼此连接。
21.根据权利要求20的器械,其中所述间隔件被可移走地安装在所述器械中,以便可以使用不同尺寸的间隔件。
22.根据权利要求21的器械,包括与所述上臂和下臂大致共面,并且位于它们之间的间隔管,并且包括可移走地安装在所述间隔管中的间隔件,以便所述间隔管的向前端接合所述植入物。
23.根据权利要求22的器械,在所述上臂和下臂上包括平坦部分,所述平坦部分在所述臂闭合在一起时接合所述间隔件。
24.一种将椎间植入物插入椎间空间的器械,包括:
一对臂,所述一对臂在单枢轴连接处被枢轴地连接在一起,以便所述臂以剪的方式在所述枢轴连接周围相对于彼此移动,并且在向前端包括上臂和下臂,在向前端的所述臂可朝彼此闭合来将椎间植入物固定在它们之间,并且彼此分开,
在它们向前端的所述上臂和下臂包括分别接合椎间植入物的上部分和下部分的装置。
25.根据权利要求24的器械,包括间隔件,所述间隔件位于所述臂之间,以限制所述上部分和下部分朝向彼此的运动。
26.根据权利要求25的器械,包括容纳所述间隔件的间隔管,所述间隔管与所述上臂和下臂大致共面,并且位于它们之间。
27.一种将椎间植入物插入椎间空间的器械,包括:
本体以及被连接到所述本体的一对弹性臂,所述臂的端具有固定椎间植入物的植入物接合结构,所述臂在被固定到所述椎间植入物时,被弹性地驱向彼此,所述臂可弹性地从彼此移开。
28.根据权利要求27的器械,包括所述上臂和下臂面对部分中的销凹座,以及在所述销凹座中的销,借此所述销从所述销凹座中移出使得所述臂彼此分开。
29.根据权利要求28的器械,在所述本体上包括拇指滑动件,所述拇指滑动件可操作地与所述销接合,以将所述销移出所述销凹座。
30.一种具有上凹座和下凹座的椎间植入物插入椎间空间的方法,包括的步骤有:
移动插入器械的向前端到所述椎间植入物的所述凹座中,以便所述插入器械的臂的端牢固地握着所述椎间植入物,
移动握有所述植入物的所述插入器械到所述椎间空间中,
然后所述臂的端从所述凹座移走,并且从而从所述植入物移走。
31.根据权利要求30的方法包括,在移动所述端到所述椎间植入物的凹座中的所述步骤之前,将所述插入器械的臂彼此分开,并且放置椎间植入物到所述臂之间的空间中。
32.根据权利要求31的方法,其中所述分开步骤包括操作被连接到所述臂的交叉联动机构来将所述臂分开。
33.根据权利要求32的方法,包括沿所述插入器械移动螺杆,以移动所述交叉联动机构来分开所述臂。
34.根据权利要求33的方法,包括闭合所述臂到所述椎间植入物上的步骤,所述步骤包括将所述插入器械的两个臂推向彼此,以便所述螺杆移过它的螺纹接合来允许所述臂闭合到所述椎间植入物。
35.根据权利要求30的方法,其中分开所述臂的步骤包括提供具有一对弹性地驱向彼此的臂的弹性本体,并且包括手工地将所述臂弹性地从彼此分开。
36.根据权利要求35的方法,其中所述分开步骤包括将销从销凹座移出,并且靠着所述两个臂来弹性地驱使它们分开。
37.根据权利要求35的方法,其中固定所述椎间植入物的步骤包括允许所述臂的弹性来将它们固定到所述植入物上。
38.根据权利要求35的方法,其中为移走步骤,将所述臂稍微彼此分开的步骤包括将所述弹性本体拉出所述凹座,借此所述臂的自然弹性将导致它们越过任何障碍突出,并且移出所述凹座。
39.根据权利要求30的方法,其中所述凹座和所述臂的端具有接合结构,所述接合结构在与移入所述椎间空间的方向相垂直的方向上肯定地彼此接合,并且在所述凹座中闭合所述端的步骤导致肯定地接合的结构的接合,并且将所述臂彼此稍微分开的步骤包括分开所述肯定地接合的结构。
40.根据权利要求39的方法,其中所述肯定接合的结构包括在每端上的凸出部分,以及在每个凹座基部中形成的凹口。
41.一种在椎间空间中插入具有上部分和下部分的椎间植入物的方法,包括的步骤有:
将所述植入物的上部分和下部分与插入器械的上臂和下臂固定在一起,同时将间隔件部分地放置在所述上部分和下部分之间的空间中,以限制所述上部分和下部分在所述间隔件附近朝向彼此的运动。
42.根据权利要求41的方法,包括在所述插入器械上,在所述上臂和下臂之间支撑所述间隔件。
43.根据权利要求42的方法,包括在固定到所述插入器械的间隔管中支撑所述间隔件。
44.根据权利要求43的方法,其中所述间隔件被可移走地安装在所述间隔管中,并且所述方法包括选择尺寸适合于所述植入物尺寸的间隔件。
45.根据权利要求41的方法,其中将所述植入物的上部分和下部分固定的所述步骤包括,以像剪一样的方式,在圆形途径中围绕单枢轴轴心移动所述上臂和下臂。
46.一种在椎间空间中插入具有上部分和下部分的椎间植入物的方法,包括的步骤有:
将所述植入物的下部分定位在插入器械的下臂上,
将间隔件移到所述下部分的某个部分上,
将所述植入物上部分定位在所述插入器械的上臂上,以及
将所述上臂和下臂移到一起来固定所述植入物,其中所述间隔件被定位在所述上部分和下部分之间,以限制所述上部分和下部分在所述间隔件附近移到一起。
47.根据权利要求46的方法,包括将被所述插入器械的臂固定的所述植入物与在适当位置的所述间隔件一起移到椎间空间中,并且随后将所述插入器械从所述椎间空间移走,留下所述植入物在所述椎间空间中。
48.一种在椎间空间中插入具有上部分和下部分的椎间植入物的方法,包括的步骤有:
将椎间植入物的上部分和下部分与插入器械的上臂和下臂固定在一起,所述臂以像剪一样的方式,在圆形途径中围绕单枢轴轴心移动。
49.根据权利要求48的方法,包括在所述上臂和下臂之间设置间隔件,其中所述间隔件的一部分位于所述上部分和下部分之间,以限制所述上部分和下部分在所述间隔件附近朝向彼此的运动。
50.根据权利要求49的方法,其中使得所述间隔件的尺寸适合于在所述上部分和下部分之间产生脊椎前凸角度。
51.根据权利要求49的方法,其中使得所述间隔件的尺寸适合于在所述上部分和下部分之间产生脊椎后凸角度。
52.根据权利要求48的方法,包括将所述臂的最前端移到在所述上部分和下部分中形成的凹座中。
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CN102670335A (zh) * 2011-03-11 2012-09-19 镱钛科技股份有限公司 脊椎手术工具
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US20100331988A1 (en) 2010-12-30
KR20060037388A (ko) 2006-05-03

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