CN1826559A - Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling imaging in immersion lithography systems - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling imaging in immersion lithography systems Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1826559A
CN1826559A CNA2004800208644A CN200480020864A CN1826559A CN 1826559 A CN1826559 A CN 1826559A CN A2004800208644 A CNA2004800208644 A CN A2004800208644A CN 200480020864 A CN200480020864 A CN 200480020864A CN 1826559 A CN1826559 A CN 1826559A
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China
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wafer
immersion
impurity
laser beam
immersion media
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CNA2004800208644A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
H·J·莱文森
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GlobalFoundries Inc
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Advanced Micro Devices Inc
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Publication of CN1826559A publication Critical patent/CN1826559A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70216Mask projection systems
    • G03F7/70341Details of immersion lithography aspects, e.g. exposure media or control of immersion liquid supply
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/20Exposure; Apparatus therefor

Abstract

A method of monitoring an immersion lithography system (10) in which a wafer (12) can be immersed in a liquid immersion medium (22) for exposure by an exposure pattern. The method detects the presence of a foreign body in the immersion medium to thereby determine if the immersion medium in a state that is acceptable for exposing the wafer with the exposure pattern. Also disclosed is a monitoring and control system (26) for an immersion lithography system.

Description

Be used for monitoring and being controlled at immersion lithography systems imaging method and equipment
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to the field that integrated circuit is made, more particularly, relate to and be used for monitoring and/or control wafer imaging method and equipment by immersion lithography (immersion lithography).
Background technology
The formation of multiple integrated circuit (IC) structure on the wafer often relies on photoetching process, and it is also sometimes referred to as photoetch method (photolithography).For example, by making luminous energy, can form pattern from the PR layer through having the mask (mask) (or reticle mask (reticle)) that required pattern is imaged onto the layout of photoresistance (PR) layer.As a result, pattern is passed to the PR layer.Fully exposed and in development cycle (development cycle) zone later at PR, the PR material can become soluble, it can be removed, so that optionally to exposing in lower floor (underlying layer) (for example semiconductor layer, metal level or metal-containing layer (metal containinglayer), insulation course etc.).The part PR layer that is not exposed to the luminous energy of threshold values quantity will not be removed, and as protection lower floor.Then, the part that lower floor is exposed can be etched (for example, Wet-type etching by using chemistry or dry reactive ion (dry reactive ionetch) are (RIE)), makes the pattern that forms from the PR layer be passed to lower floor.Optionally, the PR layer can be used to block dopant and inject the shielded part of lower floor, or is used for stoping the reaction of the protected part of (retard) lower floor.After this, the remainder of PR layer can be removed.
In the IC manufacturing technology, there is a kind of general trend, that is, multiple structure is arranged employed density increases.As a result, there are the corresponding needs that increase resolution (resolution) ability of etching system.For traditional optical lithography, a promising option is the photoetching technique of new generation that is called as immersion lithography.In immersion lithography, to be placed in the liquid medium by the wafer of imaging by etching system, the light transmission that has pattern is through liquid medium.Immersion media (immersion medium) replaces being present in traditionally the last lens of traditional dry lithography imaging system and the clearance between the wafer.
But, the trial of enforcement immersion lithography has suffered from a lot of challenges.For example, the impurity (or a plurality of impurity) that is present in the immersion media can produce adverse influence to the quality that incides the exposing patterns on the wafer.
Therefore, have this demand in this technology, that is, improved immersion lithography systems and use immersion lithography systems are controlled to the correlation technique of picture.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention relates to the method for monitoring of immersion lithography systems.This method can comprise the wafer immersion liquid immersion medium that will be exposed; The volume of the immersion media that the guided laser bundle is configured to pass by exposing patterns; And whether the part that determine to surpass the laser beam of reservation threshold become and disperse, and shows that thus impurity exists in the volume that is passed, and immersion media is in and can't accepts to use the exposing patterns state of wafer that exposes.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention relates to be used for the supervision and the control system of immersion lithography systems.This immersion lithography systems can comprise for example cavity and imaging system, and cavity is used to receive the wafer that will be exposed, and wafer is immersed in the immersion media, and imaging system is used for exposing patterns guiding wafer and passes through immersion media.Monitor and control system comprises the immersion media watchdog subsystem that it comprises the laser instrument of the volume that is used for the immersion media that the guided laser bundle is configured to pass by exposing patterns; And detector module, it is used for after laser beam is left the volume that is passed it being received, and is used for output signal, and this signal comprises the instructional information that has or do not exist impurity in the immersion media; And controller, this controller receives and analyzes signal, can accept to use the exposing patterns state of wafer that exposes to determine whether immersion media is in.
Description of drawings
With reference to following description and accompanying drawing, these features of the present invention and other features will be conspicuous, wherein:
Fig. 1 is that example integrated circuit is handled the schematic block diagram of arranging; And
Fig. 2 is used for example integrated circuit to handle the immersion media supervision of layout and the schematic block diagram of Control Component.
Embodiment
In the detailed below description, some corresponding assemblies are endowed identical Reference numeral, and no matter whether they are illustrated in different embodiments of the invention.For the present invention will be described with simple and clear mode with clear, accompanying drawing can be in proportion, and some feature can be illustrated with schematic form.
The description here is presented with the example content that making has the wafer of integrated circuit formed thereon (IC).Example ICs comprises by thousands of or millions of general purpose microprocessors that transistor, flash array or any other special circuit are made.But, those skilled in the art can understand, and method and apparatus described herein also can be applied to any article of utilizing photoetching to make, for example in the making of micromachine, magnetic head of disc drive, genetic chip, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) etc.
Equipment described herein and method can offer the real-time detection of the key parameter that is used for immersion lithography.Just, impurity (or a plurality of impurity) exists or does not exist and can access supervision, to determine whether condition is favourable for the exposure wafer.For example, impurity can comprise the particulate that for example is suspended in the immersion media 24.Example particles is including, but not limited to dust, pollutant, withered and fallen photoresistance piece etc.Impurity can also comprise bubble, for example is absorbed in air bubble or other gas foams of immersion media 24.Impurity can also be the particulate that has bubble adhered thereto.Even very little impurity also can disturb immersion lithography process.Therefore, checkout equipment described herein can be configured to detect to the impurity of big approximate number micron-scale having about 50nm in the immersion media.
With reference to figure 1, it shows the exemplary IC that comprises immersion lithography systems 10 and handles the schematic block diagram of arranging, immersion lithography systems 10 is used for pattern is imaged onto the zone of wafer 12 or wafer 12.For example, system 10 can be that substep repeats (step-and-repeat) exposure system or substep scanning (step-and-scan) exposure system, but is not limited to these example system.System 10 can comprise the light source 14 that is used for luminous energy 16 guiding masks 18 (being called as reticle mask sometimes).Luminous energy 16 can have for example deep ultraviolet (DUV) wavelength (for example, approximately 248nm or approximately 193nm) or vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength (for example, about 157nm).
Mask 18 optionally stops luminous energy 16, and the feasible energy pattern 16 ' that is limited by mask 18 is transmitted to wafer 12.For example the imaging subsystems 20 of substep device (stepper) assembly or scanner component continues a series of desired positions on energy pattern 16 ' the guiding wafer 12 that transmits by mask 18.Imaging subsystems 20 can comprise a series of lens and/or catoptron, is used for luminous energy 16 ' is adjusted, and its form guiding wafer 12 with imaging (or exposure) energy pattern 22.
Imaging pattern 22 (or exposing patterns) by imaging subsystems 20 transmission by having the immersion fluid or the immersion media 24 of high relatively refractive index (for example, greater than 1 refractive index).Immersion media 24 can be a liquid.In an example, the deionized water of purification (purified de-ionizedwater) can combine and use with 193nm light source 14 (for example, argon fluorine (ArF) laser instrument).In another example, poly-fluorinated ether (polyfluoroether) can combine with 157nm light source 14 and use.
In addition, with reference to figure 2, shown in it is to be used for exemplary IC to handle the immersion media supervision of layout 10 and the schematic block diagram of Control Component 26.As to understand by those of ordinary skills, the existence of impurity 28 can produce injurious effects to the imaging pattern 22 of exporting and inciding on the wafer 12 by imaging subsystems 20 in immersion media 24.For example, the existence of one or more impurity 28 can cause being fabricated on the defective in the integrated circuit on the wafer 12.
Be not limited by theory, the reason that impurity 28 exists can be many-sided.For example, the turbulent flow (turbulence) in the immersion media 24 may cause bubble to form and/or be immersed in the immersion media 24.A source of turbulent flow may be that wafer 12 can be mounted thereto and the motion of the platform (not shown) that moves with respect to imaging subsystems 20.For example, wafer 12 can be exposed, and is moved about 30mm then, arrives new position and is stopped, and is used for exposure for the second time etc.Wafer motion rates can be about 250mm/ second to about 500mm/ second.This motion may produce turbulent flow or other variations that may cause impurity to exist to the character of immersion media 24.In addition, can estimate that immersion media 24 may on purpose be placed motion (for example, in the flow pattern on wafer 12 (flow pattern)) or stand the pressure of water.Between exposure period, in photoresistance, may produce gas.These gases can dissolve in immersion fluid, finally cause bubble to form.Can also estimate that impurity 28 may be carried on the wafer and be brought in the immersion media 24, and impurity 28 leaves wafer 12 and begin " floating " in immersion media 24.
Therefore people wish, for the existence of impurity 28 immersion media 24 is monitored, and control immersion media 24, the existence of impurity 28 is detected.Therefore, assembly 26 can comprise that for example programming is used to control the controller 30 that IC handles the computing machine of layout 10, and immersion media control subsystem 32.Controller 10 can receiving inputted signal or from the signal of immersion media watchdog subsystem 34.
As indicated, imaging subsystems 20 can comprise output lens 36 or other last optical textures.At least a portion that comprises the imaging subsystems 20 of lens 36 can enter the cavity 38 that comprises immersion media 24 and wafer 12.Lens 36 will contact closely with immersion media 24, make to carry out projection by the imaging pattern 22 process immersion media 24 of lens 36 outputs, and incide at least a portion that is arranged or is immersed in the wafer 12 in the immersion media 24.
The volume of the immersion media 24 in the exposure fields of imaging pattern 22 (for example, imaging pattern 22 passes through the volume of a part of the immersion media 24 of process) will be called as the volume (traversed volume) 40 that passes through here.In one embodiment, lens 36 can be disposed in the about 1mm in wafer 12 tops.But, the distance between lens 36 and the wafer 12 can arrange 10 according to illumination wavelengths, immersion media 24, particular processing, the device of on wafer 12, being made, employed specific photoresistance etc. and different.In some was arranged, the volume that passes through can be that about 25mm is wide and 10mm long, though these parameters may alter a great deal.
Watchdog subsystem 34 comprises a part that is used to monitor immersion media 24 or immersion media 24, and for example the equipment of the volume that passes through 40 parts of immersion media 24 is used for the existence of impurity 28.Watchdog subsystem 34 can comprise for example laser beam sources 42 and detector module 44.Detector module 44 for example can use photomultiplier to implement.In one embodiment, the diameter of the light beam 46 that is produced by laser instrument 42 is hundreds of microns.Therefore, the multiple beam 46 that is produced by the one or more laser instruments 42 whole volume that can be used to run through the volume 40 that passes through monitors simultaneously to immersion media 24.If desired, can increase other detector module 44.For for simplicity, only relevant with a branch of light 46 supervision is illustrated and describes.But, for those of ordinary skills, it should be conspicuous implementing the multiple beam system.In an optional embodiment, can scan through the 40 pairs of one or more light beams 46 of volume that pass through, monitor so that run through 40 pairs of immersion media 24 of volume of passing through.
Laser instrument 42 should be selected for the generation output wavelength, with the activation (activation) of avoiding being arranged in the photoresistance on the wafer 12.For example, wavelength should be at about 300nm or more than the 300nm (for example, in visible spectrum), but this parameter can change according to the character of employed photoresistance.In one embodiment, can use He-Ne (HeNe) laser instrument.
Cavity 36 can comprise inlet window 48 and outlet window 50, and the light beam 46 that is produced by laser instrument 42 enters cavity 38 through inlet window 48, and this light beam leaves cavity 38 through outlet window 50.48,50 pairs of wavelength by the light beam 46 of laser instrument 40 generations of window should be transmissible, and can comprise the coating of antireflection or be used to promote other mechanisms that light beam 46 transmits.
If light beam 46 does not run into impurity 28, light beam 46 will be basically directly by immersion media 24.As a result, light beam 46 will incide on the detector module 44, be in the foreseeable position and/or have foreseeable intensity.Can produce and export the position that to represent light beam 46 and/or the signal of intensity by detector module 44.Signal by detector module 44 outputs can controlled device 30 receive.In one embodiment, controller 30 is programmed, and is used to analyze the signal that is received from detector module 44.If controller 30 determines that light beam 46 does not run into impurity 28, then can reach a conclusion, that is, there is the advantage that wafer 12 is exposed.Therefore, can programme, be used for arranging 10 transmitting control commands, so that exposure wafer 12 to handling to controller 30.
Really run at light beam 46 under the situation of impurity 28, the major part of light beam 46 may be directly by immersion media 24 and incide on the detecting device 44.But, in some cases, incide light beam on the detector module 44 and will be the light beam 46 ' that diminishes (for example, have be different from the desired position and/or have) less than required intensity.
Equally, when impurity 28 existed, the part of light beam 46 may become scattering, to form scattered light part 52.Detector module 44 can be configured to scattered light part 52 and/or the light beam 46 ' that diminishes are detected.On the basis of the detection of scattered light part 52 and/or the light beam 46 ' that diminishes, detector module 44 can be configured to produce the signal that comprises information, and this information shows that impurity 28 has disturbed light beam 46.This information can comprise about the position of the position of detected scattered light part 50 and intensity and/or the light beam 46 ' that diminishes and the data of intensity.
This signal can controlled device 30 receive, and controller 30 is programmed and is used for processing signals then.In an example, controller 30 can be determined whether scattered light part 52 comprises and be lower than threshold values quantity (for example, show impurity 28 exist) or be higher than the threshold values quantity light quantity of (for example, showing that impurity 28 does not exist).In another example, impurity 28 exists or do not exist can be by comparing the information (for example, position and/or intensity level) that relates to light beam 46 that incides on the detector module 44 or the light beam 46 ' that diminishes and be determined with required result.Still in another example, can be used to the existence of impurity 28 or not exist monitor from the combination of the information of scattered light part 52 and/or light beam 46 (or the light beam 46 ' that diminishes).
It should be consistent handling with identification impurity 28 in the volume 40 that passes at least by controller 30, because the condition in the immersion media 24 may be unfavorable for obtaining the gratifying exposure of wafer 12, so can programme to controller 30, be used to postpone the exposure of wafer 12.
As indicated in, multiple beam can be used in a plurality of positions of the volume 40 that passes, and if not all volumes that passes 40, the existence of impurity 28 (or a plurality of impurity) is monitored.Optionally, one or more light beams can be crossed the volume 40 that passes and scan, and are used in a plurality of positions of the volume 40 that passes, and if not all volumes that passes 38, the existence of impurity 28 (or a plurality of impurity) are monitored.In these embodiments, detector module 44 (or a plurality of assembly) can be configured for and be controller 30 generation composite signal or a plurality of signals.
In one embodiment, the measurement of the light by detector module or can be transferred to controller 30 from detector module 44 with the form of input signal or a plurality of input signals from the raw data of watchdog subsystem 34, wherein, the detection of impurity 28 can be determined by watchdog subsystem 34.Controller 30 can be handled input signal, whether is present in any position in the volume 40 that passes to determine impurity 28.
If impurity 28 is not detected, then controller 30 can be given an order to system 10, with exposure wafer 12.But,, then can reach a conclusion if impurity 28 is detected, that is, the condition wafer 12 that is unfavorable for exposing, and controller 30 is programmed, and is used for postponing the exposure wafer.Under latter event (that is, when impurity 28 is detected), controller 30 can be programmed, and is used to carry out one or more special actions.For example, controller 28 can be programmed, and to wait for the preset time section simply, during this period of time, estimates that impurity 28 will shift out from the volume 40 that passes.After the predetermined amount of time, immersion media watchdog subsystem 34 can Be Controlled be used for the existence of impurity 28 is tested once more.In another embodiment, controller 30 is programmed and is used to take corrective action.Example correction actions can comprise to immersion media control subsystem 32 and sends order, and the order that for example is used to reduce or increases immersion media 24 flowing velocities is so that the pressure of increase immersion media 24 (for example, attempt to extrude or dissolved impurity 28) etc.In another embodiment, controller 30 can be programmed, and is used for the adverse environment of alert operator for imaging wafer 12.Alert operator can be intended for this situation, that is, the duplicate measurements of immersion media 24 has disclosed the existence of impurity 28.Still in another example, controller 30 can be programmed, and is used for implementing for example waiting for the preset time section, and taking corrective action more than an aforesaid function.
Though specific embodiments of the present invention has obtained describing in detail, is appreciated that the present invention is not limited correspondingly in this scope, but be included in the project of accompanying Claim and all variations, change and the equivalents in the spirit.

Claims (10)

1. method that monitors immersion lithography systems (10), it comprises:
The wafer that will be exposed (12) is immersed in the liquid immersion medium (24);
The volume of the described immersion media that guided laser bundle (46) is configured to pass by exposing patterns (22); And
Whether the part that determine to surpass the laser beam of reservation threshold becomes is dispersed, and shows that thus impurity exists in the described volume that passes, and described immersion media is in and can't accepts to use the described exposing patterns state of described wafer that exposes.
2. method according to claim 1 also comprises if describedly determine that the scattered portion that shows described laser beam is lower than described reservation threshold, then uses the described exposing patterns described wafer that exposes.
3. according to any one described method of claim 1-2, wherein, describedly to determine to be implemented by analytical information, described information is selected from the position of described scattered intensity, described scattered light and their combination.
4. method according to claim 1 wherein, is describedly determined to be implemented by analytical information, and described information is selected from the described intensity of laser beam that incides on the detection components, the position of inciding the described laser beam on the detection components and their combination.
5. according to any one described method of claim 1-4, wherein, the described whole volume that passes comes under observation, and is used for the described existence of described impurity.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein, multi-laser beam is used to the described existence of described impurity is monitored.
7. method according to claim 5, wherein, at least one laser beam scans by the volume that passes, and is used for the described existence of described impurity is monitored.
8. also comprise the described immersion lithography systems of control according to any one described method of claim 1-7, be in and accept to use the described exposing patterns state of described wafer that exposes, then postpone the described wafer of exposure if be used for described immersion media.
9. a supervision and control system that is used for immersion lithography systems (10), described immersion lithography systems comprises that being used for receiving the wafer (12) that will be exposed also immerses described wafer the cavity (38) of immersion media (24), and be used for exposing patterns (22) is led described wafer also by the imaging subsystems (20) of described immersion media, it comprises:
Immersion media watchdog subsystem (34), it comprises the laser instrument (42) of the volume that is used for the described immersion media that guided laser bundle (46) is configured to pass by described exposing patterns, and detector module (44), it is used for receiving described laser beam after described laser beam is left the described volume that passes, and is used for exporting the signal that comprises the immersion media existence or do not have the instructional information of impurity; And
Controller (30), described controller receives also and analyzes described information, is used for determining whether described immersion media is in can accept to use the described exposing patterns state of described wafer that exposes.
10. supervision according to claim 9 and control system, wherein, if describedly determine that the scattered portion that shows described laser beam is lower than described reservation threshold, then described controller is controlled described immersion lithography systems and is used described exposing patterns with the described wafer that exposes.
CNA2004800208644A 2003-08-11 2004-07-23 Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling imaging in immersion lithography systems Pending CN1826559A (en)

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US10/638,927 US7061578B2 (en) 2003-08-11 2003-08-11 Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling imaging in immersion lithography systems

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EP (1) EP1654593B1 (en)
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KR (1) KR101152366B1 (en)
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DE (1) DE602004027261D1 (en)
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