CN1815786A - Fuel-cell generating system capable of starting and operating in low-temperature environment - Google Patents
Fuel-cell generating system capable of starting and operating in low-temperature environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN1815786A CN1815786A CNA2005100237272A CN200510023727A CN1815786A CN 1815786 A CN1815786 A CN 1815786A CN A2005100237272 A CNA2005100237272 A CN A2005100237272A CN 200510023727 A CN200510023727 A CN 200510023727A CN 1815786 A CN1815786 A CN 1815786A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
Power generation system of fuel battery includes fuel cell pile and following sub systems: hydrogen supply, air supply, hydrogen circulation, cooling water circulation, and control. The cooling water circulation sub systems include water tank, cooling water circulation pump, and radiator. The water tank is prepared from heat insulated thermal-protection material, and electric heater unit is installed inside the water tank. A triple valve is cascaded in a connection pipe between the radiator and the fuel cell pile. A triple valve is cascaded in a connection pipe between the cooling water circulation pump and the radiator. A pipe is connected between third ports of two triple valves. The invention guarantees starting up and running engine of fuel battery normally under condition of low temperature so as to lighten load of radiator, and raise power of fuel battery.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generation system, and more particularly, to a fuel cell power generation system that can be started and operated in a low temperature environment.
Background
A fuel cell is a device that can convert chemical energy generated when a fuel and an oxidant electrochemically react into electrical energy. The core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which consists of a proton exchange Membrane and two conductive porous diffusion materials (such as carbon paper) sandwiched between the two surfaces of the Membrane, and finely dispersed catalysts (such as platinum) capable of initiating electrochemical reaction are uniformly distributed on the two side interfaces of the Membrane Electrode contacting with the conductive materials. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process are led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit, thus forming a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (such as carbon paper) and perform electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst, electrons are lost to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the other end of the membrane electrode, namely the cathode end. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas (e.g., air) containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen) permeates through a porous diffusion material (e.g., carbon paper) and electrochemically reacts at the surface of the catalyst to give electrons that form negative ions that further combine with positive ions migrating from the anode end to form a reaction product.
In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen as fuel and air containing oxygen as oxidant (or pure oxygen as oxidant), the fuel hydrogen undergoes a catalytic electrochemical reaction in the anode region without electrons to form hydrogen positive ions (protons), and the electrochemical reaction equation is as follows:
the oxygen gas undergoes a catalyzed electrochemical reaction in the cathode region to produce electrons, forming negative ions which further combine with the positive hydrogen ions migrating from the anode side to form water as a reaction product. The electrochemical reaction equation is as follows:
the function of the proton exchange membrane in a fuel cell, in addition to serving to carry out the electrochemical reaction and to transport the protons produced in the exchange reaction, is to separate the gas flow containing the fuel hydrogen from the gas flow containing the oxidant (oxygen) so that they do not mix with each other and produce an explosive reaction.
In a typical pem fuel cell, the membrane electrode is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the two plates are both provided with channels, so the membrane electrode is also called as a current-guiding plate. The diversion grooves are arranged on the surface contacted with the membrane electrode and formed by die casting, stamping or mechanical milling and carving, and the number of the diversion grooves is more than one. The flow guide polar plate can be made of metal materials or graphite materials. The diversion trench on the diversion polar plate is used for respectively guiding fuel or oxidant into the anode region or the cathode region at two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode and two flow guide polar plates are arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode, one is used as the flow guide polar plate of anode fuel, and the other is used as the flow guide polar plate of cathode oxidant. The two flow guide polar plates are used as current collecting plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode. The diversion trench on the diversion polar plate is a channel for fuel or oxidant to enter the surface of the anode or the cathode, and is a water outlet channel for taking away water generated in the operation process of the battery.
In order to increase the power of the pem fuel cell, two or more single cells are connected together in a stacked or tiled manner to form a stack, or referred to as a cell stack. Such a battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate, and tie rods. In the battery pack, flow guide grooves, called bipolar plates, are arranged on both sides of a polar plate positioned between two proton exchange membranes. One side of the bipolar plate is used as an anode diversion surface of one membrane electrode, and the other side is used as a cathode diversion surface of the other adjacent membrane electrode. A typical battery pack also generally includes: 1) fuel and oxidant gas inlets and flow channels. The fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode and cathode surfaces; 2) cooling water (such as water) inlet and outlet and flow guide channel. The function of the fuel cell is to uniformly distribute cooling water into the cooling channels in each cell group, absorb the reaction heat generated in the fuel cell and take the reaction heat out of the cell group for heat dissipation; 3) the outlets of the fuel and oxidant gases and the flow guide channel. The function of the device is to discharge the excessive fuel gas and oxidant which do not participate in the reaction, and simultaneously carry out the liquid or gaseous water generated by the reaction. The fuel inlet/outlet, the oxidant inlet/outlet, and the cooling water inlet/outlet are typically provided on one end plate of the fuel cell stack or on both end plates, respectively.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a power system of vehicles, ships and other vehicles and can also be manufactured into a movable or fixed power generation system.
The basic components of a fuel cell power generation system are shown in fig. 1, and generally include a fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen storage tank 2, a pressure reducing valve 3, an air filtration supply device 5, water-vapor separators 6 and 6', a water tank 7, a cooling water circulation pump 8, a radiator 9, a hydrogen circulation pump 10, humidification devices 11 and 12, and a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve 13. When the fuel cell works, the reaction heat generated by the electrochemical reaction needs to be discharged in time so as to ensure the normal work of the fuel cell. This is done with cooling water. In a typical fuel cell power generation system, a cooling water circulation subsystem is provided, which includes a water tank 7, a cooling water circulation pump 8, and a radiator 9, and forms a cooling water circulation loop with the fuel cell stack 1 through respective communication pipes. The water for cooling is stored in a water tank 7 and pumped into the fuel cell via a radiator 9 by a cooling water circulation pump 8. However, in a low-temperature environment, the water in the water tank 7 may freeze into ice and cannot flow, so that the water cannot be pumped into the fuel cell, and the fuel cell cannot be cooled, and the wateris damaged and cannot normally work until the power generation capacity is lost. In order to ensure that the fuel cell power generation system can normally work in a low-temperature environment and adapt to various temperature conditions, technical support must be provided for a cooling water circulation mechanism of the fuel cell power generation system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a new technical scheme for a cooling water circulation subsystem in a fuel cell power generation system, and provides the fuel cell power generation system which can be started and operated in a low-temperature environment so as to ensure that a fuel cell can normally work in the low-temperature environment and adapt to various temperature conditions.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a fuel cell power generation system capable of being started and operated in a low-temperature environment comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem, a hydrogen circulation subsystem, a cooling water circulation subsystem and a control subsystem, wherein the cooling water circulation subsystem comprises a water tank, a cooling water circulating pump and a radiator, a water inlet of the water tank is connected with a total water outlet of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, a water outlet of the water tank is connected with a water inlet of the cooling water circulating pump through a pipeline, a water outlet of the cooling water circulating pump is connected with a water inlet of the radiator through a pipeline, a water outlet of the radiator is connected with the total water inlet of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, the water tank is made of a heat insulation material, an electric heating device is arranged in the water tank, and the electric heating device is heated by electric energy of astorage.
The connecting pipeline of the radiator and the fuel cell stack is connected in series with a three-way valve, the connecting pipeline of the cooling water circulating pump and the radiator is connected in series with a three-way valve, and the other communication port of the two three-way valves is communicated through a pipeline.
At least one of the two three-way valves is an electromagnetic valve which can be electromagnetically controlled to flow in two directions to control whether cooling water flows through the radiator or not.
The fuel cell power generation system which can be started and operated in a low-temperature environment has the following advantages and characteristics due to the adoption of the technical scheme:
1. the water tank is made of heat insulation materials, so that the water tank has a heat insulation function, water cannot be frozen at a low temperature, and the trouble of unfreezing is reduced; in addition, the heat preservation function is realized, so that the energy-saving effect is realized, when the ambient temperature is high, such as summer, the water temperature in the water tank can be prevented from rising, and the load of the radiator is reduced; when the environmental temperature is low, such as winter, the water temperature in the water tank can be prevented from being reduced, and the load of the electric heating device is reduced;
2. because the electric heating device is arranged in the water tank, once the ambient temperature is too low and the water in the water tank is frozen into ice, the electric heating device can be started to melt ice blocks, and then the fuel cell engine is started, so that the fuel cell can be started and operated in a low-temperature environment.
3. Because the three-way valves are connected in series on the connecting pipeline of the radiator and the fuel cell stack, the three-way valves are connected in series on the connecting pipeline of the cooling water circulating pump and the radiator, and the communicating pipeline is arranged between the other communicating ports of the two three-way valves, the flow direction of water can be changed by one of the two three-way valves through electromagnetic control selective switches, and the water temperature under different working conditions can be adapted; when the water temperature is lower, the water is not directly fed into the fuel cell stack through the radiator, and when the water temperature exceeds the normal operation temperature of the fuel cell stack, the water is fed into the fuel cell stack through the radiator so as to carry out heat radiation and temperature reduction. Thus, the continuous work of the radiator can be avoided, the load of the radiator is lightened, and the power is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the construction of a conventional fuel cell power generation system;
fig. 2 is a flow chart showing the structure of a fuel cell power generation system that can be started and operated in a low temperature environment according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 2, the 1-200 KW fuel cell power generation system capable of starting and operating in a low temperature environment of the present invention includes a fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen storage tank 2, a pressure reducing valve 3, an air filtration supply device 5, water-vapor separators 6 and 6', a water tank 7, a cooling water circulation pump 8, a radiator 9,a hydrogen circulation pump 10, humidification devices 11 and 12, a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve 13, an electric heating device 14, and a two-three way valve 15. The water tank 7, the cooling water circulating pump 8, the radiator 9 and the corresponding connecting pipelines form a cooling water circulating subsystem. The water tank 7 of the invention is made of heat insulation material, the electric heater 14 is arranged in the water tank 7 to heat the water in the water tank when necessary, one of the two three-way valves 15 is arranged on the connecting pipeline of the radiator 9 and the fuel cell stack 1, the other one is arranged on the connecting pipeline of the cooling water circulating pump 8 and the radiator 9, the other communication ports of the two three-way valves are communicated through a pipeline 16, and one three-way valve can electromagnetically control the flow direction of the cooling water.
The invention discloses a 1-200 KW fuel cell power generation system capable of starting and running in a low-temperature environment, which is different from a common fuel cell power generation system in that a water tank 7 in a cooling water circulation subsystem is made of a heat insulation material, an electric heating device 14 is additionally arranged, and a two-way valve 15 and a three-way valve 15 are additionally arranged in front and rear pipelines of a radiator 9 of the cooling water circulation subsystem. Therefore, the fuel cell power generation system has all-weather use function of starting and running in low-temperature environment and has the advantages of energy conservation and consumption reduction. When the environment temperature is low and the water in the water tank is frozen into ice, an external power supply is firstly switched on to heat and melt the water frozen into ice in the water tank through an electric heating device arranged in the water tank before the fuel cell engine is started, the temperature is stopped to be raised after thewater frozen into ice is completely melted into a liquid state, and then the fuel cell engine is started, so that the fuel cell engine can be ensured to be started normally and smoothly. The two-three way valve has the function of changing the flow direction of water by performing electromagnetic control on one of the two-three way valve to selectively switch, so that the two-three way valve is suitable for water temperatures under different working conditions. When the water temperature is low, for example, at the initial stage of the operation of starting the fuel cell engine in the low-temperature environment, the water temperature is low and does not exceed the normal operation temperature of the fuel cell stack, so that it is not necessary to perform heat dissipation treatment on the water entering the fuel cell stack, and the water can directly enter the fuel cell stack without passing through a radiator. When the water temperature exceeds the normal operation temperature of the fuel cell stack, the water enters the fuel cell stack through the radiator so as to carry out heat radiation and temperature reduction. Thus, continuous operation of the radiator can be avoided, the load of the radiator is reduced, and the power of the fuel cell is improved.
Claims (3)
1. A fuel cell power generation system capable of being started and operated in a low-temperature environment comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem, a hydrogen circulation subsystem, a cooling water circulation subsystem and a control subsystem, and is characterized in that: the cooling water circulation subsystem comprises a water tank, a cooling water circulating pump and a radiator, wherein a water inlet of the water tank is connected with a total water outlet of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, a water outlet of the water tank is connected with a water inlet ofthe cooling water circulating pump through a pipeline, a water outlet of the cooling water circulating pump is connected with a water inlet of the radiator through a pipeline, a water outlet of the radiator is connected with the total water inlet of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, the water tank is made of heat insulation materials, an electric heating device is arranged in the water tank, and the electric heating device heats by using electric energy of a storage battery or a fuel cell.
2. The fuel cell power generation system that can be started and operated in a low-temperature environment according to claim 1, wherein: the connecting pipeline of the radiator and the fuel cell stack is connected in series with a three-way valve, the connecting pipeline of the cooling water circulating pump and the radiator is connected in series with a three-way valve, and the other communication port of the two three-way valves is communicated through a pipeline.
3. The fuel cell power generation system that can be started and operated in a low-temperature environment according to claim 2, wherein: at least one of the two three-way valves is an electromagnetic valve which can be electromagnetically controlled to flow in two directions to control whether cooling water flows through the radiator or not.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005100237272A CN100379065C (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2005-02-01 | Fuel-cell generating system capable of starting and operating in low-temperature environment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005100237272A CN100379065C (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2005-02-01 | Fuel-cell generating system capable of starting and operating in low-temperature environment |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1815786A true CN1815786A (en) | 2006-08-09 |
| CN100379065C CN100379065C (en) | 2008-04-02 |
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| CNB2005100237272A Active CN100379065C (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2005-02-01 | Fuel-cell generating system capable of starting and operating in low-temperature environment |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102013504A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-04-13 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Test platform temperature control system and control method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN102024967A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-04-20 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell cooling circulation water tank heating device |
| CN104953141A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-09-30 | 现代自动车株式会社 | System and method for recovering output of fuel cell |
| CN105229837A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2016-01-06 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
| CN105591175A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-05-18 | 尹灵财 | Water heating type heat insulation system for storage battery of electric vehicle |
| CN106898796A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-06-27 | 浙江瀚广新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen fuel cell activation system and method |
| CN107689458A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-02-13 | 南通百应能源有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell |
| CN108232234A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-29 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell system and fuel cell car |
| CN108232238A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-29 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell system, control method and fuel cell car |
| CN108417860A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-08-17 | 中通客车控股股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell power generation efficiency synthesis lifting system and control method |
| CN109004246A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-14 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of liquid phase refrigerating module based on high power density fuel cell |
| CN111816892A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-23 | 山东派蒙机电技术有限公司 | Control system and method for quickly establishing thermal management water pressure of hydrogen fuel cell automobile |
| CN111916792A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-10 | 上海捷氢科技有限公司 | Single-working-condition multi-sample fuel cell stack testing system and control method thereof |
| CN111987333A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Control method and control system of fuel cell energy storage system |
| CN112086666A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-15 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Control method and control system of fuel cell power generation system |
| CN112086662A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-15 | 北京理工大学 | Fuel cell and fuel cell stack cooling system thereof |
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| JP3801022B2 (en) * | 2001-11-08 | 2006-07-26 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Low temperature startup method for fuel cells |
| US6797421B2 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2004-09-28 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | Method and apparatus for preventing water in fuel cell power plants from freezing during storage |
| CN1534817A (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-10-06 | 亚太燃料电池科技股份有限公司 | Liquid cooling type fuel battery system |
| CN1529376A (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2004-09-15 | 清华大学 | Two-way circulating controlled fuel cell heat management system |
| CN2763990Y (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-03-08 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell generating system capable of starting and operating at low temperature |
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- 2005-02-01 CN CNB2005100237272A patent/CN100379065C/en active Active
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102013504A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-04-13 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Test platform temperature control system and control method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN102024967A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-04-20 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell cooling circulation water tank heating device |
| CN102024967B (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2013-01-30 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell cooling circulation water tank heating device |
| CN105229837A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2016-01-06 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
| CN105229837B (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2016-10-19 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
| CN104953141A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-09-30 | 现代自动车株式会社 | System and method for recovering output of fuel cell |
| CN104953141B (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2019-05-28 | 现代自动车株式会社 | System and method for restoring fuel cell output |
| CN105591175A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-05-18 | 尹灵财 | Water heating type heat insulation system for storage battery of electric vehicle |
| CN108232238A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-29 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell system, control method and fuel cell car |
| CN108232234A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-29 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell system and fuel cell car |
| CN108232238B (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2023-09-12 | 宇通客车股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system, control method and fuel cell automobile |
| CN106898796A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-06-27 | 浙江瀚广新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen fuel cell activation system and method |
| CN107689458A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-02-13 | 南通百应能源有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell |
| CN108417860A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-08-17 | 中通客车控股股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell power generation efficiency synthesis lifting system and control method |
| CN109004246A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-14 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of liquid phase refrigerating module based on high power density fuel cell |
| CN111816892A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-23 | 山东派蒙机电技术有限公司 | Control system and method for quickly establishing thermal management water pressure of hydrogen fuel cell automobile |
| CN111916792A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-10 | 上海捷氢科技有限公司 | Single-working-condition multi-sample fuel cell stack testing system and control method thereof |
| CN112086662A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-15 | 北京理工大学 | Fuel cell and fuel cell stack cooling system thereof |
| CN111987333A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Control method and control system of fuel cell energy storage system |
| CN112086666A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-15 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Control method and control system of fuel cell power generation system |
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Owner name: STATE GRID SHANGHAI ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHANGHAI SHEN-LI HIGH TECH CO., LTD. Effective date: 20131223 Owner name: SHANGHAI SHEN-LI HIGH TECH CO., LTD. Effective date: 20131223 |
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Effective date of registration: 20131223 Address after: 200002 Nanjing East Road, Shanghai, No. 181, No. Patentee after: State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company Patentee after: Shanghai Shen-Li High Tech Co., Ltd. Address before: 201401, Fengxian Shanghai Industrial Development Zone, dragon Yang Industrial Park, an international 27 Patentee before: Shanghai Shen-Li High Tech Co., Ltd. |