CN2650337Y - Fuel cell electric generating system with self-start device - Google Patents
Fuel cell electric generating system with self-start device Download PDFInfo
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- CN2650337Y CN2650337Y CNU032099533U CN03209953U CN2650337Y CN 2650337 Y CN2650337 Y CN 2650337Y CN U032099533 U CNU032099533 U CN U032099533U CN 03209953 U CN03209953 U CN 03209953U CN 2650337 Y CN2650337 Y CN 2650337Y
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- hydrogen
- fuel cell
- air
- electromagnetic valve
- cell stack
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The utility model relates to a fuel battery generating system with an automatic starting device, which comprises a fuel battery stack, a fuel hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem, a cooling heat radiation subsystem, an automatic control and electric energy output subsystem and a self-starting device; the self-starting device comprises a small air pump, a solenoid valve of air pump, a nitrogen bottle, a nitrogen bottle relief valve and a solenoid valve, and a small storage battery set; compared with the prior art, the utility model can realize the self-starting of fuel battery generating system with only one to two storage batteries with low power, small volume, and light weight. The utility model is very important for using the fuel battery as the power system of vehicles and boats.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a fuel cell especially relates to a take fuel cell power generation system from starting drive.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device capable of converting hydrogen and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end toform reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each guide plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The flow guide polar plates can be polar plates made of metal materials or polar plates made of graphite materials. The diversion pore canals and the diversion grooves on the diversion polar plates respectively lead the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is present, and a guide plate of anode fueland a guide plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The guide plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the guide grooves on the guide plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) the inlet and outlet of cooling fluid (such as water) and the flow guide channel uniformly distribute the cooling fluid into the cooling channels in each battery pack, and the heat generated by the electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The fuel cell can be used as a power system of all vehicles, ships and other vehicles, and can also be used as a portable and fixed power generation device. When used as a vehicle, a ship power system or a mobile/fixed power station, the pem fuel cell generally uses hydrogen as a fuel and air as an oxidant, and is required to output a large power, generally from tens of kilowatts to hundreds of kilowatts.
A fuel cell power generation system generally consists of the following parts: (1) a fuel cell stack; (2) a fuel hydrogen supply subsystem; (3) an air supply subsystem; (4) a cooling heat dissipation subsystem; (5) and the automatic control and electric energy output subsystem. The other parts of the entire fuel cell power generation system other than the fuel cell stack may also be collectively referred to as a fuel cell stack operation support system.
In order to ensure continuous, safe and reliable operation of the fuel cell stack and output a large effective power, the fuel cell stack operation support system itself must consume a certain amount of power. The main power consumption components are: 1. an air delivery device that delivers air to the fuel cell stack; a cooling fluid circulation pump for taking out heat generated in the fuel cell stack; some automatic control executing components, such as: an electromagnetic valve; the components related to automatic control, such as a controller and the like, as shown in fig. 1, a high-pressure hydrogen tank 1, an air delivery pump 2, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack 3, gas control solenoid valves 4, 5, water vapor separators 6, 7, an air discharge throttle valve8, a hydrogen circulation pump 9, a cooling fluid tank 10, a cooling fluid circulation pump 11, a radiator 12, an output voltage, an output current 13, and gas control pressure reducing valves 14, 15.
Among the self-power consumption parts, the air conveying device with the largest power consumption generally accounts for 10-20% of the total conveying power of the whole fuel cell stack; secondly, a cooling fluid circulating pump and a hydrogen circulating pump which approximately account for 1-10% of the total output power of the whole fuel cell stack; the minimum are some components related to automatic control, such as: the controller controls the execution component.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is used as a vehicle and ship power system or a mobile and fixed power station, the output power is generally dozens of kilowatts to hundreds of kilowatts. Such high power fuel cell power generation systems themselves support power consuming devices of system operation, such as: the power consumed by the air delivery device, the hydrogen circulating pump, the cooling fluid circulating pump and the like also accounts for a large part and can reach hundreds of watts or even tens of kilowatts.
Therefore, the prior high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system needs to be powered by a high-power external power supply when starting, and the external power supply can be a storage battery or power is taken from a power grid. The fuel cell power generation system is assisted to start until the fuel cell power generation system is in the working state, and the power consumption device for supporting the operation of the fuel cell power generation system is supported by the power generation system. When the fuel cell power generation system is applied as a vehicle, a ship power system or a mobile power station, the two external power sources have insurmountable technical defects:
(1) the electricity is taken from the power grid, and when the fuel cell is used as a vehicle, a ship power system or a mobile power station, the operation is very inconvenient and sometimes even impossible.
(2) When a storage battery is used to start a fuel cell power plant, due to various power consuming devices in the fuel cell power generation system, such as: the air conveying device and the like consume large power and need a large number of high-power storage batteries, and when the air conveying device and the like are used as a power system of a vehicle or a ship, the air conveying device not only occupies a large amount of valuable time on the vehicle or the ship, but also increases a large amount of meaningless weight, so that the energy efficiency of the vehicle or the ship is influenced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The present invention is directed to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and to provide a fuel cell power generation system with a self-starting device, which can realize low-power start.
The purpose of the utility model can be realized through the following technical scheme: a fuel cell power generation system with a self-starting device comprises a fuel cell stack, a fuel hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem, a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem and an automatic control and electric energy output subsystem;
the fuel hydrogen supply subsystem comprises a high-pressure hydrogen tank, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen control electromagnetic valve, a hydrogen-gas-water separator and a hydrogen circulating pump, wherein in the subsystem, hydrogen output by the high-pressure hydrogen tank enters the fuel cell stack to react after passing through thehydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen control electromagnetic valve, residual hydrogen and generated part of water are separated by the hydrogen-gas-water separator after the reaction, and the hydrogen is pumped into the fuel cell stack by the hydrogen circulating pump for recycling;
the air supply subsystem comprises an air delivery pump, an air pressure reducing valve or an air control electromagnetic valve, an air-water-vapor separator and an air discharge throttle valve, wherein in the subsystem, air output by the air delivery pump enters the fuel cell stack to participate in reaction after passing through the air pressure reducing valve or the air control electromagnetic valve, and residual air and generated part of water after reaction are separated by the air-water-vapor separator and then discharged;
the cooling heat dissipation subsystem comprises a cooling fluid tank, a cooling fluid circulating pump and a radiator, wherein in the subsystem, hot water and part of generated water from the fuel cell stack are collected in the cooling fluid tank, and are pumped into the radiator through the cooling fluid circulating pump, and cooled cold water is input into the fuel cell stack for recycling;
the fuel cell power generation system is characterized by further comprising a small air pump, an air pump electromagnetic valve, a nitrogen cylinder pressure reducing valve, an electromagnetic valve and a small storage battery pack, wherein the small air pump is connected in front of the air control electromagnetic valve through the air pump electromagnetic valve, the nitrogen cylinder is connected to the hydrogen inlet end of the fuel cell stack through the nitrogen cylinder pressure reducing valve and the electromagnetic valve, and the small storage battery pack is enough to support and drive a controller and a control execution device in the fuel cell power generation system and start the small air pump.
The output power of the small storage battery pack is 100-200W, the output voltage is 24V or 12V, and the discharge current is less than 10A.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses only need carry one to two section power, volume, the very little battery of weight just can realize fuel cell power generation system's self-starting, the utility model discloses a coming out, having very important meaning to fuel cell as the driving system of car, ship.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional fuel cell power generation system;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell power generation system with a self-starting device according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 2, a fuel cell power generation system with a self-starting device comprises a fuel cell stack 3, a fuel hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem, a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and an automatic control and electric energy output subsystem;
the fuel hydrogen supply subsystem comprises a high-pressure hydrogen tank 1, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 15, a hydrogen control electromagnetic valve 4, a hydrogen-gas-steam separator 6 and a hydrogen circulating pump 9, wherein in the subsystem, hydrogen output by the high-pressure hydrogen tank 1 enters the fuel cell stack 3 to react after passing through the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 15 and the hydrogen control electromagnetic valve 4, residual hydrogen and generated part of water are separated by the hydrogen-gas-steam separator 6, and the hydrogen is pumped into the fuel cell stack 3 for recycling through the hydrogen circulating pump 9;
the air supply subsystem comprises an air delivery pump 2, an air pressure reducing valve 14 or an air control electromagnetic valve 5, an air-water-vapor separator 7 and an air discharge throttle valve 8, wherein in the subsystem, air output by the air delivery pump 2 enters the fuel cell stack 3 to react after passing through the air pressure reducing valve 14 or the air control electromagnetic valve 5, and residual air and generated part of water after the reaction are separated by the air-water-vapor separator 7 and then discharged;
the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem comprises a cooling fluid tank 10, a cooling fluid circulating pump 11 and a radiator 12, wherein in the subsystem, hot water and part of generated water from the fuel cell stack 3 are collected in the cooling fluid tank 10 and are pumped into the radiator 12 through the cooling fluid circulating pump 11, and cooled cold water is input into the fuel cell stack 3 for recycling;
the fuel cell system further comprises a small air pump 16, an air pump electromagnetic valve 20, a nitrogen cylinder 17, a nitrogen cylinder pressure reducing valve, an electromagnetic valve 18 and a small storage battery pack (not shown in the figure), wherein the small air pump 16 is connected in front of the air control electromagnetic valve 5 through the air pump electromagnetic valve 20, the nitrogen cylinder 17 is connected to the hydrogen inlet end of the fuel cell stack 3 through the nitrogen cylinder pressure reducing valve 15 'and the electromagnetic valve 18, the small storage battery pack is enough to support and drive a controller (not shown in the figure) in the fuel cell power generation system, the controller firstly opens the nitrogen cylinder pressure reducing valve 15' and the electromagnetic valve 18 through an executive device (not shown in the figure) to carry out nitrogen cleaning on the hydrogen side and a hydrogen pipeline of the fuel cell stack, then closes the nitrogen cylinder electromagnetic valve 18 and opens the hydrogen control electromagnetic valve 15 to wash out nitrogen, and simultaneously starts the small air pump 16 to convey a small amount of air into the, the controller can immediately start each power device in the fuel cell power generation system by utilizing the output power of the fuel cell, and then close the small-sized air pump 16 to realize self-starting. The utility model discloses as long as carry one to two section power in the storage battery of one to two hundred watts. The output voltage of the storage battery pack is generally 24V, 12V and the like, the discharge current is only required to be less than 10A, the output power can be enough to support and drive a controller in the fuel cell power generation system, and each execution component is automatically controlled, such as: each solenoid valve, an electric control valve, etc., and can drive a small air delivery pump that consumes about several tens of watts to 100 watts or so in power.
Examples
A70 KW fuel cell power generation system has a net output of 70KW and a total output of 80KW of a fuel cell stack. In the fuel cell power generation system, the starting power consumption of the air pump is about 1KW, when the fuel cell power generation system works under a rated power condition, the power consumption is 6.5KW, the water pump consumes 1.2KW, and other power consumption devices consume 2.5 KW. As shown in fig. 2, 1 is a high-pressure hydrogen tank, 2 is an air delivery pump, 3 is a pem fuel cell stack, 4 and 5 are gas control solenoid valves, 6 and 7 are water-vapor separators, 8 is an air discharge throttle valve, 9 is a hydrogen circulation pump, 10 is a cooling fluid tank, 11 is a cooling fluid circulation pump, 12 is a radiator, 13 is an output voltage and current, 14, 15 and 15' are gas control pressure reducing valves, 16 is a small air pump, 17 is a nitrogen gas tank, and 18, 19 and 20 are solenoid valves.
The first step is as follows: the nitrogen electromagnetic valve 18 of the fuel cell power generation system is opened, the hydrogen electromagnetic valve 4 is in a closed state, nitrogen enters the hydrogen conveying pipeline and the hydrogen side of the fuel cell stack, the discharge electromagnetic valve 19 is automatically opened, and nitrogen is used for flushing for a plurality of minutes.
The second step is that: the nitrogen electromagnetic valve 18 of the fuel cell power generation system is closed, the hydrogen electromagnetic valve 4 is opened, hydrogen enters the hydrogen conveying pipeline and the hydrogen side of the fuel cell stack, the opening state of the discharge electromagnetic valve 19 is continuously kept, and partial hydrogen is safely discharged.
The third step: a small air delivery pump 16 is activated which continuously delivers small amounts of air into the air delivery line and fuel cell stack air side of the fuel cell power system.
The fourth step: at this time, the hydrogen side of the fuel cell stack has been filled with hydrogen and the air side has been filled with air, and is in a state where an open circuit voltage is established.
The fifth step: when the controller detects that the open circuit voltage of the fuel cell stack is normal, the controller automatically switches to self-starting power supply of the fuel cell and starts other power consumption devices in the fuel cell power generation system through a DC/DC power device, such as: an air delivery pump 2, a cooling fluid circulating pump 11, a hydrogencirculating pump 9, a controller and all control execution and monitoring components.
And a sixth step: after the starting is successful, the controller enters a normal running state according to a normal working program, and the carried low-power storage battery pack is switched to be in a floating charging state.
The seventh step: the controller receives the stop command and stops the machine according to the normal program, and the controller and the like are still supported by the low-power storage battery.
Eighth step: the small air pump 16 and solenoid valve 20 may be turned off at this time.
Claims (2)
1. A fuel cell power generation system with a self-starting device comprises a fuel cell stack, a fuel hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem, a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem and an automatic control and electric energy output subsystem;
the fuel hydrogen supply subsystem comprises a high-pressure hydrogen tank, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen control electromagnetic valve, a hydrogen-gas-water separator and a hydrogen circulating pump, wherein in the subsystem, hydrogen output by the high-pressure hydrogen tank enters the fuel cell stack to react after passing through the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen control electromagnetic valve, residual hydrogen and generated part of water are separated by the hydrogen-gas-water separator after the reaction, and the hydrogen is pumped into the fuel cell stack by the hydrogen circulating pump for recycling;
the air supply subsystem comprises an air delivery pump, an air pressure reducing valve or an air control electromagnetic valve, an air-water-vapor separator and an air discharge throttle valve, wherein in thesubsystem, air output by the air delivery pump enters the fuel cell stack to participate in reaction after passing through the air pressure reducing valve or the air control electromagnetic valve, and residual air and generated part of water after reaction are separated by the air-water-vapor separator and then discharged;
the cooling heat dissipation subsystem comprises a cooling fluid tank, a cooling fluid circulating pump and a radiator, wherein in the subsystem, hot water and part of generated water from the fuel cell stack are collected in the cooling fluid tank, and are pumped into the radiator through the cooling fluid circulating pump, and cooled cold water is input into the fuel cell stack for recycling;
the fuel cell power generation system is characterized by further comprising a small air pump, an air pump electromagnetic valve, a nitrogen cylinder pressure reducing valve, an electromagnetic valve and a small storage battery pack, wherein the small air pump is connected in front of the air control electromagnetic valve through the air pump electromagnetic valve, the nitrogen cylinder is connected to the hydrogen inlet end of the fuel cell stack through the nitrogen cylinder pressure reducing valve and the electromagnetic valve, and the small storage battery pack is enough to support and drive a controller and a control execution device in the fuel cell power generation system and start the small air pump.
2. The fuel cell power generation system with the self-starting device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the small-sized battery pack has an output of 100 to 200W, an output voltage of 24V or 12V, and a discharge current of less than 10A.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU032099533U CN2650337Y (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Fuel cell electric generating system with self-start device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU032099533U CN2650337Y (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Fuel cell electric generating system with self-start device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2650337Y true CN2650337Y (en) | 2004-10-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU032099533U Expired - Fee Related CN2650337Y (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Fuel cell electric generating system with self-start device |
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| CN (1) | CN2650337Y (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104577163B (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2017-06-06 | 广东合即得能源科技有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen gas generating system and its electricity-generating method |
| CN109950586A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-06-28 | 浙江晨阳新材料有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen fuel cell preventing overheat |
-
2003
- 2003-08-22 CN CNU032099533U patent/CN2650337Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104577163B (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2017-06-06 | 广东合即得能源科技有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen gas generating system and its electricity-generating method |
| CN109950586A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-06-28 | 浙江晨阳新材料有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen fuel cell preventing overheat |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20041020 Termination date: 20090922 |