CN112086666A - Control method and control system of fuel cell power generation system - Google Patents
Control method and control system of fuel cell power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112086666A CN112086666A CN202010990257.1A CN202010990257A CN112086666A CN 112086666 A CN112086666 A CN 112086666A CN 202010990257 A CN202010990257 A CN 202010990257A CN 112086666 A CN112086666 A CN 112086666A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04552—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a control method and a control system of a fuel cell power generation system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: monitoring an operating state of the fuel cell power generation system; when the running state is starting running, starting a cooling circulating water pump; starting the fuel cell stack, and monitoring the voltage of each single cell in the fuel cell stack; starting the electric heating device when the maximum single battery voltage in the single battery voltages reaches a first voltage threshold value; and when the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value, closing the electric heating device. According to the invention, through monitoring the operation state of the fuel cell power generation system, when the operation state is starting operation, the fuel cell stack is started, and when the maximum single cell voltage reaches a first voltage threshold value, the electric heating device is started, so that the starting speed is accelerated; after the fuel cell is started successfully, when the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value, the electric heating device is closed; the adaptability of the fuel cell power generation system is improved as a whole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemistry and control, in particular to a control method and a control system of a fuel cell power generation system.
Background
The fuel cell has the advantages of high starting speed, stable output electric energy, strong environment adaptability, energy conservation and environmental protection due to the fact that a byproduct generated by an electrochemical reaction is purified water, but the fuel cell is frequently started and stopped to cause a high-potential start-stop phenomenon, so that the cathode can be thinned due to the loss of Pt catalyst particles and the corrosion of a carbon carrier, and the performance of the fuel cell is reduced. Therefore, how to rapidly reduce the high voltage at the time of starting up is of great significance to effectively prolong the service life of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a control method and a control system for a fuel cell power generation system, so as to solve the problem of how to quickly reduce a high voltage during startup.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a control method of a fuel cell power generation system, including: a fuel cell stack, a cooling water tank that supplies circulating cooling water to the fuel cell stack, a cooling circulation water pump that controls the flow of the cooling water into the fuel cell stack, and an electric heating device that heats the cooling water in the cooling water tank, the method comprising: monitoring an operating state of the fuel cell power generation system; when the running state is starting running, the cooling circulating water pump is started; starting the fuel cell stack, and monitoring the voltage of each single cell in the fuel cell stack; starting the electric heating device when the maximum single cell voltage in the single cell voltages reaches a first voltage threshold value; judging whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value or not; and when the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches the preset voltage set value, closing the electric heating device.
Alternatively, an embodiment of the present invention provides a control method for a fuel cell power generation system, before turning on the cooling circulation water pump, the method further including: monitoring the ambient temperature of the fuel cell power generation system and judging whether the ambient temperature is greater than a first temperature threshold value; when the environment temperature is greater than a first temperature threshold value, starting the cooling circulating water pump; and when the environment temperature is not greater than a first temperature threshold value, starting the electric heating device, starting the cooling circulating water pump, starting the fuel cell stack, and returning to the step of judging whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value.
Optionally, after the electric heating device is activated, the control method of the fuel cell power generation system further includes: monitoring the water tank temperature of the cooling water tank; and when the temperature of the water tank is greater than a second temperature threshold, performing accelerated adjustment on the cooling circulating water pump, and acquiring the time for the accelerated adjustment of the cooling circulating water pump until the temperature of the water tank is not greater than the second temperature threshold, and returning to the step of judging whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value or not, or, until the time reaches a preset time threshold, closing the electric heating device.
Optionally, the control method of the fuel cell energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes: when the operation state is shutdown operation, disconnecting the load of the fuel cell power generation system and starting the electric heating device; closing air supply of a fuel cell stack, monitoring the voltage of each single cell in the fuel cell stack, and judging whether the minimum voltage of each single cell is smaller than a second voltage threshold value; and when the minimum single cell voltage is smaller than a second voltage threshold value, the electric heating device and the hydrogen supply are turned off.
Optionally, in the control method of a fuel cell energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell power generation system further includes: the control method of the fuel cell power generation system further includes: when the operation state is low-load operation, acquiring current operation target power, and calculating the operation voltage of the fuel cell power generation system according to the current operation target power; calculating the single cell voltage according to the operating voltage and the number of the fuel cell electric stacks, judging whether the single cell voltage is greater than a second voltage threshold value, and starting the electric heating device when the single cell voltage is greater than the second voltage threshold value; and monitoring the temperature of the water tank of the cooling water tank, when the temperature of the water tank is not greater than a second temperature threshold value, performing speed reduction adjustment on the heat recovery water pump, and acquiring the current running target power again until the running state exits low-load running.
Optionally, the control method of the fuel cell energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes: and when the temperature of the water tank is greater than a second temperature threshold, performing acceleration adjustment on the heat recovery water pump, acquiring the time for the acceleration adjustment of the heat recovery water pump, returning to the step of performing deceleration adjustment on the heat recovery water pump until the temperature of the water tank is not greater than the second temperature threshold, or closing the electric heating device until the time reaches a preset time threshold.
According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a control system of a fuel cell power generation system including: a fuel cell stack, a cooling water tank that supplies circulating cooling water to the fuel cell stack, a cooling circulation water pump that controls the cooling water to flow into the fuel cell stack, and an electric heating device that heats the cooling water in the cooling water tank, the control system including: a first processing module for monitoring an operating state of the fuel cell power generation system; the second processing module is used for starting the cooling circulating water pump when the running state is starting running; the third processing module is used for starting the fuel cell stack and monitoring the voltage of each single cell in the fuel cell stack; the fourth processing module is used for starting the electric heating device when the maximum single cell voltage in the single cell voltages reaches a first voltage threshold value; the fifth processing module is used for judging whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value or not; and the sixth processing module is used for closing the electric heating device when the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches the preset voltage set value.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement a method for controlling a fuel cell power generation system according to the first aspect and any one of the alternatives of the present invention.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are communicatively connected, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to execute the control method of the fuel cell power generation system according to the first aspect and any one of the alternatives of the present invention.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the embodiment of the invention provides a control method and a control system of a fuel cell power generation system, which realize different controls under different running states by monitoring the running state of the fuel cell power generation system, when the running state is starting running, a cooling circulating water pump is started, a fuel cell stack is started, and when the maximum single cell voltage reaches a first voltage threshold value, an electric heating device is started and is used as an auxiliary load, so that the occurrence of a high potential condition is avoided, and meanwhile, the electric heating device heats cooling water in a water tank, so that the starting speed is accelerated; after the fuel cell is successfully started, when the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value, the electric heating device is closed, so that the reaction of the fuel cell is prevented from being influenced by overhigh temperature of the water tank while normal starting is ensured; the adaptability of the fuel cell power generation system is improved on the whole under the condition of coping with random load fluctuation in a fixed power generation scene.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell power generation system in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a control method of a fuel cell power generation system in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a detailed flowchart of the shutdown operation of the control method of the fuel cell power generation system in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a specific flowchart of the low-load operation of the control method of the fuel cell power generation system in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a block composition diagram of a control system for a fuel cell power generation system in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In practical application, the fuel cell has the advantages of high starting speed, stable output electric energy, strong environment adaptability, energy conservation and environmental protection, and the only byproduct generated by electrochemical reaction, namely purified water, completely avoids the discharge of lead, sulfuric acid and other acidic pollutants. In consideration of the characteristics of load randomness and fluctuation, the power generation of the fuel cell faces the working conditions of frequent start-stop, low-load/overload operation and the like, and the frequent start-stop can cause the start-stop high potential to cause the thinning of the cathode catalyst layer, so that the performance of the fuel cell is attenuated. Meanwhile, the mechanical damage of the membrane electrode is caused by the expansion and shrinkage accompanying the low-temperature circulation in the starting and stopping process, and particularly when the starting is carried out at a temperature lower than zero degree, the generated water can be frozen in the fuel cell due to the fact that the product of the fuel cell is water, reaction gas is prevented from reaching the surface of the catalyst, and the starting success rate and the starting speed are influenced. In addition, a large number of load-changing working conditions easily cause the cyclic changes of physical quantities such as voltage, current, temperature, humidity and the like of the fuel cell, influence substances, structures and processes in the fuel cell, especially when the fuel cell is operated at low load, the fuel cell can be operated at high potential, Pt in a cathode catalyst layer is easily dissolved and deposited, and the attenuation is accelerated. Therefore, the high potential during starting is quickly reduced or avoided, the high potential during operation is limited as much as possible, and the service life of the system can be effectively prolonged.
The embodiment of the invention provides a control method of a fuel cell power generation system, which is applied to a controller of the fuel cell power generation system, such as the fuel cell power generation system shown in figure 1, and comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen subsystem, an air subsystem, a cooling subsystem and a heat recovery subsystem; wherein the fuel cell stack comprises at least one fuel cell; the hydrogen subsystem comprises at least one hydrogen storage tank, an adjusting valve, a hydrogen circulating pump, hydrogen exhaust and a first heat exchanger; the air subsystem comprises at least one air compressor (air compressor), a second heat exchanger, a humidifying and heating unit and air exhaust; the cooling subsystem comprises a water tank (cooling water tank), an electric heating device, a cooling circulating water pump and a plate heat exchanger; the heat recovery subsystem comprises a heat recovery water pump and is used for recovering redundant heat to domestic electricity.
A control method of a fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, includes the steps of:
step S1: the operating state of the fuel cell power generation system is monitored.
In the embodiment of the invention, a power supply is turned on, and the running state of the fuel cell power generation system is monitored through self-checking of the conventional monitoring device or a controller, wherein the running state of the fuel cell power generation system comprises starting running, stopping running and low-load running, and different running states correspond to different control methods. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the running state is monitored through self-checking of the existing monitoring device or the controller itself, and in practical application, the running state may be selected according to actual requirements, which is not limited to this.
Step S2: and when the running state is starting running, starting the cooling circulating water pump. In the embodiment of the invention, when the operation state of the fuel cell power generation system is monitored to be starting operation, the cooling circulating water pump is started, so that cooling water flows into the fuel cell stack to provide a medium for the reaction of the fuel cell.
Step S3: and starting the fuel cell stack, and monitoring the voltage of each single cell in the fuel cell stack.
In the embodiment of the invention, a hydrogen inlet regulating valve and a hydrogen circulating pump are opened, and the hydrogen pressure of a pressure detection point is controlled within a hydrogen preset pressure range by regulating the opening of a regulating valve and the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump; and starting an air compressor, enabling the air pressure of a pressure detection point to be within an air pressure range by adjusting the rotating speed of the compressor, enabling air and hydrogen to react in the galvanic pile, and simultaneously generating a large amount of heat so as to finish starting the fuel cell galvanic pile. And then monitoring the voltage of each single cell in the fuel cell stack, and judging whether the maximum single cell voltage in each single cell voltage rises to a first voltage threshold value (between 0.6 and 0.8V), wherein the first voltage threshold value is a maximum voltage value which can ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell and is obtained according to specific measurement of experiments, and in practical application, the maximum voltage threshold value can be set according to system requirements or the actual performance of the fuel cell. It should be noted that, the hydrogen circulation pump and the air compressor in the embodiment of the present invention are not started in a fixed sequence, and may be adjusted according to actual situations, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
Step S4: when the maximum cell voltage among the cell voltages reaches a first voltage threshold, the electric heating apparatus is activated.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the maximum single cell voltage in the single cell voltages reaches the first voltage threshold, the electric heating device is started, the high potential of the fuel cell is limited by the starting of the electric heating device, and the cooling water in the power generation system of the fuel cell is heated, so that the temperature of the cooling water is raised. The starting of the electric heating device can also supply power to the fuel cell through an external energy storage device, and a cooling circulating water pump of the fuel cell energy storage system is started to enable cooling water to circularly flow into the fuel cell, so that the fuel cell is preheated conveniently, and in order to protect the fuel cell, nitrogen purging is started to purge from the anode side of the fuel cell. Illustratively, if the maximum cell voltage among the cell voltages does not reach the first voltage threshold, it is directly monitored whether the fuel cell stack voltage reaches a preset voltage set value. It should be noted that, the first voltage threshold in the embodiment of the present invention may be adjusted according to the actual field environment and the actual performance of the fuel cell, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
Step S5: and judging whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value or not. In the embodiment of the invention, the target power is obtained, the voltage set value corresponding to the fuel cell stack is calculated according to the target power, and whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches the set value is judged.
Step S6: and when the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value, closing the electric heating device. In the embodiment of the invention, when the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value, the fuel cell is started and enters a normal operation stage, and if the electric heating device is in an opening state at the moment, the electric heating device is closed; otherwise, if the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches the preset voltage set value, the voltage of the fuel cell stack is continuously monitored in real time, and whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches the set value or not is judged until the fuel cell is started and enters a normal operation stage.
The embodiment of the invention provides a control method of a fuel cell power generation system, which realizes different controls under different running states by monitoring the running state of the fuel cell power generation system, when the running state is starting running, a cooling circulating water pump is started, a fuel cell stack is started, and when the maximum single cell voltage reaches a first voltage threshold value, an electric heating device is started and is used as an auxiliary load, so that the occurrence of a high potential condition is avoided, and meanwhile, the electric heating device heats cooling water in a water tank, so that the starting speed is accelerated; after the fuel cell is successfully started, when the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value, the electric heating device is closed, so that the reaction of the fuel cell is prevented from being influenced by overhigh temperature of the water tank while normal starting is ensured; the adaptability of the fuel cell power generation system is improved on the whole under the condition of coping with random load fluctuation in a fixed power generation scene.
Specifically, in an embodiment, the control method for a fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes, before the cooling circulation water pump is turned on, the steps of:
step S102: the ambient temperature of the fuel cell power generation system is monitored and it is determined whether the ambient temperature is greater than a first temperature threshold.
In the embodiment of the invention, the ambient temperature of the fuel cell power generation system is monitored, whether the ambient temperature is greater than a first temperature threshold is judged, the cooling water is prevented from being frozen under the standard atmospheric pressure, and the monitored ambient temperature is greater than 0 ℃, so that the first temperature threshold under the standard atmospheric pressure is 0 ℃, the first temperature threshold can be adjusted according to the actual environmental requirements, and the invention is not limited to the above, as long as the cooling water is prevented from being frozen or the fuel cell cannot be normally started due to too low temperature.
Step S112: and when the ambient temperature is greater than the first temperature threshold value, starting the cooling circulating water pump.
Step S122: and when the ambient temperature is not greater than the first temperature threshold value, starting the electric heating device, starting the cooling circulating water pump, starting the fuel cell stack, and returning to the step S5.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the environmental temperature is not greater than the first temperature threshold, which indicates that the fuel cell cannot be normally started at this time, the cooling water needs to be heated, the electric heating device is started, then the cooling circulating water pump is started, the fuel cell stack is started, and the step of judging whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches the preset voltage set value is returned.
Specifically, in one embodiment, after the electric heating device is started, the control method of the fuel cell power generation system specifically further includes the steps of:
step S405: the tank temperature of the cooling water tank is monitored. In the embodiment of the invention, after the electric heating device is started, the temperature of the water tank of the cooling water tank needs to be monitored, the controller controls the electric heating device, and the high potential is started correspondingly by controlling the switching-in and switching-out of the electric heating device; and the water in the water tank is heated, the water entering the galvanic pile is heated, and the air and the hydrogen at the inlet of the galvanic pile are heated through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, so that the starting speed is accelerated.
Step S415: and when the temperature of the water tank is greater than the second temperature threshold, performing accelerated adjustment on the cooling circulating water pump, acquiring the time for the accelerated adjustment of the cooling circulating water pump, returning to the step of judging whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value or not until the temperature of the water tank is not greater than the second temperature threshold, or turning off the electric heating device until the time reaches the preset time threshold.
In the embodiment of the invention, the chemical energy of the fuel can be directly converted into the electric energy, when the temperature of the water tank of the cooling water tank reaches 60 ℃ (the second temperature threshold), and the second preset temperature is higher than the first preset temperature, the cooling circulating water pump is accelerated and adjusted, the purpose of the accelerated adjustment is to ensure that the temperature of the water tank is not too high, the temperature of the water tank is cooled through the inflow of cooling water, the time of the accelerated adjustment of the cooling circulating water pump is obtained until the temperature of the water tank is not higher than the second temperature threshold, the step of judging whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches the preset voltage set value is returned, or the electric heating device is closed until the time reaches 3 seconds (the preset time threshold). It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the second preset temperature may also be set according to actual requirements and system performance, and the preset time threshold is only illustrated as 3 seconds in the embodiment of the present invention, and may be set according to actual system requirements in practical applications, which is not limited to this.
Specifically, in an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the method for controlling a fuel cell power generation system further includes:
step S01: when the operation state is the shutdown operation, the load of the fuel cell power generation system is disconnected and the electric heating device is started.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the operation state is shutdown operation, the load of the fuel cell power generation system is disconnected, the controller controls the electric heating device to start, and the electric heating device is switched into the system as an auxiliary load for coping with shutdown high potential.
Step S02: and closing the air supply of the fuel cell stack, monitoring the voltage of each single cell in the fuel cell stack, and judging whether the minimum voltage of the single cell voltage is smaller than a second voltage threshold value.
Step S03: and when the minimum single cell voltage is smaller than the second voltage threshold value, the electric heating device and the hydrogen supply are turned off.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the minimum single cell voltage is less than 0.2V (the second voltage threshold), the electric heating device and the hydrogen supply are turned off, wherein the purpose of turning off the air supply is to avoid that the air permeates to the hydrogen side if the air is continuously supplied after the hydrogen is turned off, and a hydrogen-air interface is formed on the anode to cause high potential. Illustratively, if the minimum cell voltage is not less than 0.2V, the real-time monitoring of the cell voltages in the fuel cell stack is continued until the minimum cell voltage among the cell voltages is judged to be less than the second voltage threshold. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, only the second voltage threshold is illustrated as 0.2V, and the second voltage threshold may be adjusted according to actual requirements in practical applications, which is not limited to the present invention.
Specifically, in an embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the method for controlling a fuel cell power generation system further includes:
step S001: and when the operation state is low-load operation, acquiring the current operation target power, and calculating the operation voltage of the fuel cell power generation system according to the current operation target power.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the operation state is low-load operation, the current operation voltage of the fuel cell power generation system is calculated according to the current operation target power, and the operation target power may fluctuate due to the possible fluctuation of the system, so that the operation voltage fluctuates accordingly, and the operation voltage needs to be calculated in real time.
Step S002: and calculating the voltage of the single cell according to the operating voltage and the number of the fuel cell electric stacks, judging whether the voltage of the single cell is greater than a second voltage threshold value, and starting the electric heating device when the voltage of the single cell is greater than the second voltage threshold value.
In the embodiment of the invention, the single cell voltage is calculated according to the operating voltage and the number of the fuel cell electric stacks, the single cell voltage is obtained by dividing the operating voltage by the number of the fuel cell electric stacks, whether the single cell voltage is greater than a second voltage threshold value or not is judged, and when the single cell voltage is greater than the second voltage threshold value, the electric heating device is started. When the voltage of the single battery is not greater than the second voltage threshold, which indicates that the operation voltage is maintained within a normal range at the moment, the temperature of the water tank of the cooling water tank can be directly monitored.
Step S003: and monitoring the temperature of the water tank of the cooling water tank, when the temperature of the water tank is not greater than a second temperature threshold value, performing speed reduction adjustment on the heat recovery water pump, and acquiring the current running target power again until the running state exits low-load running.
In the embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the water tank of the cooling water tank is monitored, and when the temperature of the water tank is not more than the second temperature threshold, the heat recovery water pump is subjected to speed reduction adjustment, which indicates that the temperature of the water tank is proper at the moment, the heat recovery water pump can be slowed down, the speed of reducing the temperature of the water tank is slowed down, and the current operation target power is obtained again until the operation state exits low-load operation.
Step S004: when the temperature of the water tank is greater than the second temperature threshold, the heat recovery water pump is adjusted in an accelerating mode, heat recovery is accelerated, the temperature of the water tank is maintained in a proper range, the time for adjusting the heat recovery water pump in an accelerating mode is obtained, the step for adjusting the heat recovery water pump in a decelerating mode is returned until the temperature of the water tank is not greater than the second temperature threshold, or the electric heating device is closed until the time reaches a preset time threshold.
The embodiment of the invention provides a control method of a fuel cell power generation system, which realizes different controls under different running states by monitoring the running state of the fuel cell power generation system, when the running state is starting running, a cooling circulating water pump is started, a fuel cell stack is started, and when the maximum single cell voltage reaches a first voltage threshold value, an electric heating device is started and is used as an auxiliary load, so that the occurrence of a high potential condition is avoided, and meanwhile, the electric heating device heats cooling water in a water tank, so that the starting speed is accelerated; after the fuel cell is successfully started, when the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value, the electric heating device is closed, so that the reaction of the fuel cell is prevented from being influenced by overhigh temperature of the water tank while normal starting is ensured; when the running state is shutdown running, the electric heating device is used as an auxiliary load to carry out cut-in, so that the damage of high potential to the fuel cell is avoided; when the power demand is low, namely the electric heating device is started when the low load is monitored, the low load running time can be reduced, the variable load working condition can be met, the hot water can be stored, the problems of low-temperature starting, frequent starting and the like can be met, and the adaptability of the fuel cell power generation system is integrally improved under the condition that the random fluctuation of the load in a fixed power generation scene is met.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a control system of a fuel cell power generation system, as shown in fig. 5, including:
a first processing module 10 for monitoring an operating state of the fuel cell power generation system; the module executes the method described in step S1, and is not described herein again.
The second processing module 20 is used for starting the cooling circulating water pump when the running state is starting running; the module executes the method described in step S2, and is not described herein again.
The third processing module 30 is used for starting the fuel cell stack and monitoring the voltage of each single cell in the fuel cell stack; the module executes the method described in step S3, and is not described herein again.
A fourth processing module 40, configured to start the electric heating apparatus when a maximum cell voltage among the cell voltages reaches a first voltage threshold; the module executes the method described in step S4, and is not described herein again.
A fifth processing module 50, configured to determine whether the fuel cell stack voltage reaches a preset voltage setting value; the module executes the method described in step S5, and is not described herein again.
A sixth processing module 60, configured to turn off the electric heating device when the fuel cell stack voltage reaches a preset voltage setting value; the module executes the method described in step S6, and is not described herein again.
Through the cooperative cooperation of the above components, the control system of the fuel cell power generation system provided by the embodiment of the invention realizes different controls under different operation states by monitoring the operation state of the fuel cell power generation system, when the operation state is start operation, the cooling circulating water pump is started, the fuel cell stack is started, and when the maximum single cell voltage reaches the first voltage threshold, the electric heating device is started to be used as an auxiliary load, so that the occurrence of a high potential condition is avoided, and meanwhile, the electric heating device heats cooling water in the water tank, so that the starting speed is accelerated; after the fuel cell is successfully started, when the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value, the electric heating device is closed, so that the reaction of the fuel cell is prevented from being influenced by overhigh temperature of the water tank while normal starting is ensured; when the running state is shutdown running, the electric heating device is used as an auxiliary load to carry out cut-in, so that the damage of high potential to the fuel cell is avoided; when the power demand is low, namely the electric heating device is started when the low load is monitored, the low load running time can be reduced, the variable load working condition can be met, the hot water can be stored, the problems of low-temperature starting, frequent starting and the like can be met, and the adaptability of the fuel cell power generation system is integrally improved under the condition that the random fluctuation of the load in a fixed power generation scene is met.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, as shown in fig. 6, the electronic device may include a processor 901 and a memory 902, where the processor 901 and the memory 902 may be connected by a bus or in another manner, and fig. 6 takes the connection by the bus as an example.
The memory 902, which is a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, may be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer executable programs, and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the methods in the embodiments of the present invention. The processor 901 executes various functional applications and data processing of the processor, i.e., implements the above-described method, by executing non-transitory software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 902.
The memory 902 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function; the storage data area may store data created by the processor 901, and the like. Further, the memory 902 may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory 902 may optionally include memory located remotely from the processor 901, which may be connected to the processor 901 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
One or more modules are stored in the memory 902, which when executed by the processor 901 performs the methods described above.
The specific details of the electronic device may be understood by referring to the corresponding related descriptions and effects in the above method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic Disk, an optical Disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a Hard Disk (Hard Disk Drive, abbreviated as HDD) or a Solid State Drive (SSD), etc.; the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A control method of a fuel cell power generation system, the fuel cell power generation system comprising: the fuel cell stack, the cooling water tank for providing circulating cooling water for the fuel cell stack, the cooling circulating water pump for controlling the cooling water to flow into the fuel cell stack, and the electric heating device for heating the cooling water in the cooling water tank are characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
monitoring an operating state of the fuel cell power generation system;
when the running state is starting running, the cooling circulating water pump is started;
starting the fuel cell stack, and monitoring the voltage of each single cell in the fuel cell stack;
starting the electric heating device when the maximum single cell voltage in the single cell voltages reaches a first voltage threshold value;
judging whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value or not;
and when the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches the preset voltage set value, closing the electric heating device.
2. The control method of a fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that before the cooling circulation water pump is turned on, the method further comprises:
monitoring the ambient temperature of the fuel cell power generation system and judging whether the ambient temperature is greater than a first temperature threshold value;
when the environment temperature is greater than a first temperature threshold value, starting the cooling circulating water pump;
and when the environment temperature is not greater than a first temperature threshold value, starting the electric heating device, starting the cooling circulating water pump, starting the fuel cell stack, and returning to the step of judging whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value.
3. The control method of a fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after the electric heating device is activated, the method further comprises:
monitoring the water tank temperature of the cooling water tank;
and when the temperature of the water tank is greater than a second temperature threshold, performing accelerated adjustment on the cooling circulating water pump, and acquiring the time for the accelerated adjustment of the cooling circulating water pump until the temperature of the water tank is not greater than the second temperature threshold, and returning to the step of judging whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value or not, or, until the time reaches a preset time threshold, closing the electric heating device.
4. The control method of a fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
when the operation state is shutdown operation, disconnecting the load of the fuel cell power generation system and starting the electric heating device;
closing air supply of a fuel cell stack, monitoring the voltage of each single cell in the fuel cell stack, and judging whether the minimum voltage of each single cell is smaller than a second voltage threshold value;
and when the minimum single cell voltage is smaller than a second voltage threshold value, the electric heating device and the hydrogen supply are turned off.
5. The control method of a fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel cell power generation system further comprises: the control method of the fuel cell power generation system further includes:
when the operation state is low-load operation, acquiring current operation target power, and calculating the operation voltage of the fuel cell power generation system according to the current operation target power;
calculating the single cell voltage according to the operating voltage and the number of the fuel cell electric stacks, judging whether the single cell voltage is greater than a second voltage threshold value, and starting the electric heating device when the single cell voltage is greater than the second voltage threshold value;
and monitoring the temperature of the water tank of the cooling water tank, when the temperature of the water tank is not greater than a second temperature threshold value, performing speed reduction adjustment on the heat recovery water pump, and acquiring the current running target power again until the running state exits low-load running.
6. The control method of a fuel cell power generation system according to claim 5, characterized by further comprising:
and when the temperature of the water tank is greater than a second temperature threshold, performing acceleration adjustment on the heat recovery water pump, acquiring the time for the acceleration adjustment of the heat recovery water pump, returning to the step of performing deceleration adjustment on the heat recovery water pump until the temperature of the water tank is not greater than the second temperature threshold, or closing the electric heating device until the time reaches a preset time threshold.
7. A control system of a fuel cell power generation system, the fuel cell power generation system comprising: a fuel cell stack, a cooling water tank for supplying circulating cooling water to the fuel cell stack, a cooling circulation water pump for controlling the cooling water to flow into the fuel cell stack, and an electric heating device for heating the cooling water in the cooling water tank, wherein the control system comprises:
a first processing module for monitoring an operating state of the fuel cell power generation system;
the second processing module is used for starting the cooling circulating water pump when the running state is starting running;
the third processing module is used for starting the fuel cell stack and monitoring the voltage of each single cell in the fuel cell stack;
the fourth processing module is used for starting the electric heating device when the maximum single cell voltage in the single cell voltages reaches a first voltage threshold value;
the fifth processing module is used for judging whether the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage set value or not;
and the sixth processing module is used for closing the electric heating device when the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches the preset voltage set value.
8. A computer-readable storage medium characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the control method of a fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory having stored therein computer instructions, the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the control method of the fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN114464844A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-10 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | Low-temperature self-heating cold start method of fuel cell system |
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| WO2024169802A1 (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2024-08-22 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Standby processing method and device for fuel cell system, and fuel cell vehicle |
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