CN2718795Y - Fuel cell with higher operating stability - Google Patents
Fuel cell with higher operating stability Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN2718795Y CN2718795Y CNU2004200817194U CN200420081719U CN2718795Y CN 2718795 Y CN2718795 Y CN 2718795Y CN U2004200817194 U CNU2004200817194 U CN U2004200817194U CN 200420081719 U CN200420081719 U CN 200420081719U CN 2718795 Y CN2718795 Y CN 2718795Y
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- hydrogen
- air
- fuel cell
- water
- vapor separator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The utility model relates to a fuel battery with higher operating stability, comprising a fuel battery pile, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen pressure maintaining valve, an air filtration device, an air compression supplying device, a first hydrogen water-steam separator, a second hydrogen water-steam separator, a first air water-steam separator, a second air water-steam separator, a water chamber, a cooling fluid circulating pump, a radiator, a hydrogen cycle pump, a hydrogen humidifying device, and an air humidifying device. The second hydrogen water-steam separator is arranged on the hydrogen inlet end of the fuel battery pile, and the second air water-steam separator is arranged on the air inlet end of the fuel battery pile. Compared with the prior art, the utility model is provided with an efficient water-steam separator at the ingress of the raw gas of the fuel battery pile; the hydrogen and the air can not carry in liquid water in the process of entering into the fuel battery pile, and thus the operating constancy of the fuel battery can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly to a fuel cell having high operation stability.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device capable of converting hydrogen and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each guide plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The flow guide polar plates can be polar plates made of metal materials or polar plates made of graphite materials. The fluid pore channels and the diversion trenches on the diversion polar plates respectively guide the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is present, and a guide plate of anode fuel and a guide plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The guide plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the guide grooves on the guide plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) the inlet and outlet of cooling fluid (such as water) and the flow guide channel uniformly distribute the cooling fluid into the cooling channels in each battery pack, and the heat generated by the electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a power system of vehicles, ships and other vehicles, and can also be used as a movable and fixed power generation device.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a vehicle power system, a ship power system or a mobile and fixed power station, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell must comprise a cell stack, a fuel hydrogen supply system, an air supply subsystem, a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, an automatic control part and an electric energy output part.
Fig. 1 shows a typical fuel cell power generation system, in fig. 1, 1 is a fuel cell stack, 2 is a hydrogen storage bottle or other hydrogen storage device, 3 is a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, 4 is an air filtering device, 5 is an air compression supply device, 6 is a hydrogen water-vapor separator, 6' is an air water-vapor separator, 7 is a water tank, 8 is a cooling fluid circulation pump, 9 is a radiator, 10 is a hydrogen circulation pump, and 11 and 12 are respectively a hydrogen gas and air humidifying device.
According to the integration and operation principle of the current typical fuel cell power generation system, hydrogen and air which are delivered to a fuel cell stack must be subjected to pressure stabilization and then pass through the humidifying devices 11 and 12 to be changed into wet air and hydrogen which reach certain relative humidity and temperature, and then the wet air and the hydrogen enter the fuel cell stack to generate electrochemical reaction. Otherwise, when dry or insufficiently humidified air or hydrogen is delivered to the fuel cell stack, the excess air or hydrogen can cause water loss of a proton exchange membrane in a membrane electrode which is a core component in the fuel cell stack, and the water loss of the proton exchange membrane can cause the internal resistance of the fuel cell to be increased rapidly and the operation performance to be reduced rapidly.
However, the existing technical scheme is that the hydrogen and air delivered to the fuel cell stack are humidified and then become wet air with certain relative humidity and temperature, and the hydrogen directly enters the fuel cell stack to generate electrochemical reaction, and has the following technical defects:
(1) when the flow rate of hydrogen and air delivered to the fuel cell stack is changed greatly, for example, when the flow rate is small, over-humidification is easily caused, a small amount of liquid water is easily condensed before entering the fuel cell stack when the temperature is reduced, and the liquid water is respectively brought into a hydrogen guide groove and an air guide groove of the fuel cell by wet hydrogen and wet air, so that water blockage of the guide grooves is caused. The water blocking in the hydrogen guide groove or the air guide groove in a certain single cell can cause the single cell to be in a starvation state of insufficient supply of fuel hydrogen or air, the performance of the single cell is rapidly reduced, and the electrode is caused to be reversely polarized and burnt in serious conditions.
(2) When the pressure of the hydrogen and air delivered to the fuel cell stack fluctuates, for example, when the pressure increases, the humidified air with high relative humidity is likely to cause the original pressure to be small, and when the hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack, a small amount of liquid water iscondensed, and the result is also the same as the result of (1).
In order to prevent the above-mentioned problem of water blockage due to condensed water, the existing integration and operation principle of fuel cell power generation systems generally selects to place the humidifying devices 11 and 12 as close as possible to the fuel cell stack, and to wrap the pipelines for transporting air and hydrogen with heat insulating layers to prevent the occurrence of heat dissipation and condensation. However, these measures still cannot completely prevent the above problems from occurring, and the battery operation is still not stable enough.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The present invention is directed to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a fuel cell with high operation stability, which can uniformly humidify the raw material hydrogen and air.
The purpose of the utility model can be realized through the following technical scheme: a fuel cell with high operation stability comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve, an air filtering device, an air compression supply device, a first hydrogen water-vapor separator, a first air water-vapor separator, a water tank, a cooling fluid circulating pump, a radiator, a hydrogen circulating pump, a hydrogen humidifying device and an air humidifying device, wherein the first hydrogen water-vapor separator is arranged at a hydrogen outlet end of the fuel cell stack, and the first air water-vapor separator is arranged at an air outlet end of the fuel cell stack.
The second hydrogen water-vapor separator is arranged between the hydrogen humidifying device and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cellstack.
The second hydrogen water-vapor separator is arranged near the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack.
The second air water-vapor separator is arranged between the air humidifying device and the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.
The second air water-vapor separator is arranged near the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.
The second hydrogen gas-steam separator adopts a low flow resistance hydrogen gas-steam separator.
The second air-water-steam separator adopts a low flow resistance air-water-steam separator.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a high-efficient, the very little water-vapour separator of flow resistance installs and is close to fuel cell stack feed gas import as far as possible, lets hydrogen after the humidification, air get into this kind of water-vapour separator respectively earlier, then get into fuel cell stack at once and take place chemical reaction. Therefore, even if the temperature is reduced and the pressure fluctuation is increased before the humidified hydrogen and air enter the fuel cell stack, the condensed water can be completely separated in the water-vapor separator, and no liquid water is brought in when the humidified hydrogen and air enter the fuel cell stack, so that the humidification of the raw material hydrogen and air is uniform and proper, and the fuel cell operates stably.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional fuel cell operating system;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the fuel cell of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the hydrogen-gas water-vapor separator of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the air-water-vapor separator of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments.
Examples
As shown in figure 2 and combined with figure 1, a fuel cell with higher operation stability comprises a fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen storage device 2, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 3, a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve 23, an air filtering device 4, an air compression supply device 5, a first hydrogen water-vapor separator 6, a first air water-vapor separator 6', a water tank 7, a cooling fluid circulating pump 8, a radiator 9, a hydrogen circulating pump 10, a hydrogen humidifying device 11, an air humidifying device 12, a second hydrogen water-vapor separator 13 and a second air water-vapor separator 14, the first hydrogen water-vapor separator 6 is arranged at the hydrogen outlet end of the fuel cell stack 1, the first air water-vapor separator 6' is arranged at the air outlet end of the fuel cell stack 1, the second hydrogen water-vapor separator 13 is arranged at the hydrogen inlet end of the fuel cell stack 1, and the second air water-vapor separator 14 is arranged at the air inlet end of the fuel cell stack 1.
The second hydrogen water-vapor separator 13 is further provided between the hydrogen humidifying device 11 and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 1, and the second hydrogen water-vapor separator 13 is provided near the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 1.
The second air-water-vapor separator 14 is further provided between the air-humidification device 12 and the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 1,and the second air-water-vapor separator 14 is provided near the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 1.
The second hydrogen gas-vapor separator 13 is a high-efficiency, low-flow-resistance hydrogen gas-vapor separator. The second air-water-vapor separator 14 is an efficient, low flow resistance air-water-vapor separator.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the second hydrogen and air water-vapor separators are designed according to the power of the fuel cell stack and the flow rate of the hydrogen and air, respectively. In the present embodiment, a fuel cell with a power of 50KW is used. The second hydrogen gas-steam separator 13 of the fuel cell comprises a hydrogen gas inlet pipe 131, a separator body 132, a water discharge pipe 133, a water discharge electromagnetic valve 134 and a hydrogen gas outlet pipe 135, wherein the separator body 132 is cylindrical, the height of the separator body 132 is 100mm, the diameter of the separator body is 80mm, the water discharge pipe 133 is arranged at the bottom of the separator body 132, and the hydrogen gas inlet pipe 131 and the hydrogen gas outlet pipe 135 are arranged at the top of the separator body 132; the humidified hydrogen gas entering from the hydrogen inlet pipe 131 contains part of condensed water, the condensed water in the humidified hydrogen gas is completely separated after being separated by the separator body 132, and the hydrogen gas (immediately entering the fuel cell stack 1 to take part in the reaction) exiting from the hydrogen outlet pipe 135 is the humidified hydrogen gas without liquid water, so that the operation stability of the fuel cell is ensured.
The second air-water-vapor separator 14 of the fuel cell comprises an air inlet pipe 141, a separator body 142, a drain pipe 143, a drain electromagnetic valve 144 and an air outlet pipe 145, wherein the separator body 142 is cylindrical, 200mm high and 150mm diameter, the drain pipe 143 is arranged at the bottom of the separator body 142, and the air inlet pipe 141 and the air outlet pipe 145 are arranged at the top of the separator body 142; the humidified air entering from the air inlet pipe 141 contains part of condensed water, after being separated by the separator body 142, the condensed water in the humidified air is completely separated, and the air (immediately entering the fuel cell stack 1 to take part in the reaction) exiting from the air outlet pipe 145 is the humidified air without liquid water, thereby ensuring the operation stability of the fuel cell.
The drain solenoid valves 134 and 144 are opened to drain water at regular intervals of 1 to 360 seconds.
Claims (7)
1. A fuel cell with high operation stability comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve, an air filtering device, an air compression supply device, a first hydrogen water-vapor separator, a first air water-vapor separator, a water tank, a cooling fluid circulating pump, a radiator, a hydrogen circulating pump, a hydrogen humidifying device and an air humidifying device, the first hydrogen water-vapor separator is arranged at the hydrogen outlet end of the fuel cell stack, the first air water-vapor separator is arranged at the air outlet end of the fuel cell stack, it is characterized by also comprising a second hydrogen water-steam separator and a second air water-steam separator, the second hydrogen gas-steam separator is arranged at the hydrogen inlet end of the fuel cell stack, and the second air gas-steam separator is arranged at the air inlet end of the fuel cell stack.
2. A fuel cell with improved operational stability as recited in claim 1, wherein said second hydrogen gas-vapor separator is disposed between the hydrogen humidification means and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack.
3. A fuel cell with improved operational stability according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the second hydrogen gas-vapor separator is provided near the stack hydrogen inlet.
4. A fuel cell of higher operational stability as set forth in claim 1 wherein said second air-water-vapor separator is disposed between the air humidification means and the fuel cell stack air inlet.
5. A fuel cell of higher operational stability according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the second air water-vapor separator is provided near the fuel cell stack inlet.
6. A fuel cell having improved operational stability according to claim 1, wherein said second hydrogen gas-vapor separator employs a low flow resistance hydrogen gas-vapor separator.
7. A fuel cell of higher operational stability as claimed in claim 1 wherein said second air water-vapor separator employs a low flow resistance air water-vapor separator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2004200817194U CN2718795Y (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2004-08-11 | Fuel cell with higher operating stability |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2004200817194U CN2718795Y (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2004-08-11 | Fuel cell with higher operating stability |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2718795Y true CN2718795Y (en) | 2005-08-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2004200817194U Expired - Lifetime CN2718795Y (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2004-08-11 | Fuel cell with higher operating stability |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN2718795Y (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100346521C (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2007-10-31 | 上海交通大学 | Proton exchange fuel cell pile with air divided-flow preheating section |
| CN100388543C (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2008-05-14 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell with higher operation stability |
| CN105552401A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-05-04 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Fuel cell equipment and fuel cell energy system |
-
2004
- 2004-08-11 CN CNU2004200817194U patent/CN2718795Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100388543C (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2008-05-14 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell with higher operation stability |
| CN100346521C (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2007-10-31 | 上海交通大学 | Proton exchange fuel cell pile with air divided-flow preheating section |
| CN105552401A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-05-04 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Fuel cell equipment and fuel cell energy system |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Effective date of abandoning: 20080514 |
|
| C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |