CN100388543C - Fuel cell with higher operation stability - Google Patents

Fuel cell with higher operation stability Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100388543C
CN100388543C CNB2004100536299A CN200410053629A CN100388543C CN 100388543 C CN100388543 C CN 100388543C CN B2004100536299 A CNB2004100536299 A CN B2004100536299A CN 200410053629 A CN200410053629 A CN 200410053629A CN 100388543 C CN100388543 C CN 100388543C
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hydrogen
fuel cell
air
water
vapor seperator
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CN1734814A (en
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胡里清
夏建伟
章波
郭伟良
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Co
Shanghai Shenli Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Shen Li High Tech Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel cell with higher operating stability, which comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen stabilizing pressure valve, an air filter device, an air compression supplying device, a first hydrogen water-steam separator, a second hydrogen water-steam separator, a first air water-steam separator, a second air water-steam separator, a water tank, a cooling fluid circulating pump, a radiator, a hydrogen circulating pump, a hydrogen humidifying device and an air humidifying device, the second hydrogen water-steam separator is arranged on the hydrogen gas inlet end of the fuel cell stack, and the second air water-steam separator is arranged on the air inlet end of the fuel cell stack. Compared with the prior art, a high efficiency water-steam separator is arranged on the raw gas inlet of the fuel cell stack of the present invention, which causes the hydrogen and the air entering the fuel cell stack not to carry the liquid water, and consequently, the operating stability of the fuel cell is ensured.

Description

A kind of fuel cell with high running stability
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell, relate in particular to a kind of fuel cell with high running stability.
Background technology
Electrochemical fuel cell is a kind of device that hydrogen and oxidant can be changed into electric energy and product.The internal core parts of this device are membrane electrode (Membrane Electrode Assembly are called for short MEA), and membrane electrode (MEA) is made up of as carbon paper a proton exchange membrane, two porous conductive materials of film two sides folder.The catalyst that contains the initiation electrochemical reaction of even tiny dispersion on two boundary faces of film and carbon paper is as the metal platinum catalyst.The membrane electrode both sides can electrochemistry will take place with conductive body to be sent out and answers the electronics that generates in the process, draws by external circuit, constitutes current circuit.
At the anode tap of membrane electrode, fuel can pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper) by infiltration, and electrochemical reaction takes place on catalyst surface, lose electronics, form cation, cation can pass proton exchange membrane by migration, arrives the other end cathode terminal of membrane electrode.At the cathode terminal of membrane electrode, contain the gas of oxidant (as oxygen), as air, pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper), and the generation electrochemical reaction obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion by infiltration.The cation of coming in the anion and the anode tap migration of cathode terminal formation reacts, and forms product.
Adopting hydrogen is fuel, and the air that contains oxygen is in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of oxidant (or pure oxygen is an oxidant), and fuel hydrogen has just produced hydrogen cation (or being proton) in the catalytic electrochemical reaction of anode region.Proton exchange membrane helps the hydrogen cation to move to the cathodic region from the anode region.In addition, proton exchange membrane is separated the air-flow and the oxygen containing air-flow of hydrogen fuel, they can not mixed mutually and produces explosion type reaction.
In the cathodic region, oxygen obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion, and moves the hydrogen cation reaction of coming, reaction of formation product water with the anode region.In the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells that adopts hydrogen, air (oxygen), anode reaction and cathode reaction can be expressed in order to following equation:
Anode reaction: H 2→ 2H ++ 2e
Cathode reaction: 1/2O 2+ 2H ++ 2e → H 2O
In typical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, membrane electrode (MEA) generally all is placed in the middle of the pole plate of two conductions, and quarter is milled by die casting, punching press or machinery in the surface that every guide plate contacts with membrane electrode, and formation is the guiding gutter of one or more at least.These guide plates can above metal material pole plate, also can be the pole plate of graphite material.Fluid duct on these guide plates and guiding gutter import fuel and oxidant the anode region and the cathodic region on membrane electrode both sides respectively.In the structure of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells monocell, only there is a membrane electrode, the membrane electrode both sides are respectively the baffler of anode fuel and the baffler of cathode oxidant.These bafflers are both as current collector plate, and also as the mechanical support on membrane electrode both sides, the guiding gutter on the baffler acts as a fuel again and enters the passage of anode, cathode surface with oxidant, and as the passage of taking away the water that generates in the fuel cell operation process.
In order to increase the gross power of whole Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, two or more monocells can be connected into battery pack or be unified into battery pack by the mode that tiles usually by straight folded mode.In straight folded, in-line battery pack, can there be guiding gutter on the two sides of a pole plate, and wherein one side can be used as the anode guide face of a membrane electrode, and another side can be used as the cathode diversion face of another adjacent membranes electrode, and this pole plate is called bipolar plates.A series of monocell connects together by certain way and forms a battery pack.Battery pack tightens together by front end-plate, end plate and pull bar usually and becomes one.
A typical battery stack generally includes: the water conservancy diversion import and the flow-guiding channel of (1) fuel and oxidant gas are distributed to fuel (hydrogen-rich gas that obtains as hydrogen, methyl alcohol or methyl alcohol, natural gas, gasoline) and oxidant (mainly being oxygen or air) in the guiding gutter of each anode, cathode plane equably after reforming; (2) import and export and the flow-guiding channel of cooling fluid (as water) are evenly distributed to cooling fluid in each battery pack inner cooling channel, and the heat absorption that hydrogen in the fuel cell, the exothermic reaction of oxygen electrochemistry are generated is also taken battery pack out of and dispelled the heat; (3) outlet of fuel and oxidant gas and corresponding flow-guiding channel, fuel gas and oxidant gas are when discharging, and portability goes out the liquid that generates in the fuel cell, the water of steam state.Usually, the import and export of all fuel, oxidant, cooling fluid are all opened on the end plate of fuel battery or on two end plates.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells can be used as the dynamical system of delivery vehicles such as car, ship, can be used as movable type, fixed Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) again.
When Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells can be used as car, ship power system or movable type and stationary power generation station, must comprise battery pile, fuel hydrogen supply system, air supply subsystem, cooling heat dissipation subsystem, control and electric energy output various piece automatically.
Fig. 1 is at present typical fuel cell generation, and 1 is fuel cell pack in Fig. 1, and 2 are storage hydrogen bottle or other hydrogen-storing devices, 3 is the hydrogen pressure-reducing valve, 4 is air filter, and 5 is the air compression feeding mechanism, and 6 is the hydrogen Water-vapor seperator, 6 ' is the air Water-vapor seperator, 7 is water tank, and 8 is the cooling fluid circulating pump, and 9 is radiator, 10 is the hydrogen circulating pump, and 11,12 are respectively hydrogen, air humidification device.
According to the at present typical integrated and operation logic of fuel cell generation, must be to hydrogen and air that fuel cell pack is carried through voltage stabilizing and through behind the humidifying device 11,12, become the humid air, the hydrogen that reach certain relative humidity and temperature, this humid air, hydrogen enter electrochemical reaction take place in the fuel cell pack then.Otherwise the dry or inadequate air of humidification, when hydrogen is carried to fuel cell pack, excessive air, hydrogen can cause the proton exchange membrane dehydration in core component-membrane electrode in the fuel cell pack, the proton exchange membrane dehydration will cause internal resistance of fuel cell sharply to increase, and runnability sharply descends.
But present technical scheme becomes after the hydrogen that fuel cell pack is carried passes through humidification with air and directly enters fuel cell pack generation electrochemical reaction behind the humid air that reaches certain relative humidity and temperature, the hydrogen following technological deficiency is arranged:
(1) when hydrogen of carrying to fuel cell pack and the bigger variation of air mass flow generation, such as hour at flow, caused humidification easily, a small amount of aqueous water easily freeze-outs before entering fuel cell pack so when temperature reduces, this aqueous water will be brought into respectively in fuel cell hydrogen flow guide groove, the air conducting groove by wet hydrogen, humid air, cause the water blockoff of guiding gutter.In certain monocell in the hydrogen flow guide groove in water blockoff or the air conducting groove water blockoff can cause this monocell to be in the starvation of fuel hydrogen or air supply deficiency, this monocell performance will sharply descend, and can cause this electrode antipole when serious and burn.
(2) when hydrogen of carrying to fuel cell pack and air pressure generation fluctuation, when increasing such as pressure, cause former pressure hour easily, air behind the very high humidification of relative humidity, cause a small amount of aqueous water that freeze-outs when hydrogen enters fuel cell pack, the consequence that causes is also identical with above-mentioned (1) consequence.
Present fuel cell generation is integrated to be taken place in order to prevent above-mentioned condensed water water blockoff problem with operation logic, generally choose humidifying device 11,12 as far as possible near fuel cell pack, and the pipeline that will carry air, hydrogen is all carried out the heat insulation layer parcel, and the condensation that prevents to dispel the heat takes place.But these measures still can't prevent the above-described problem from occurring fully, and battery operation is still stable inadequately.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to provide a kind of fuel cell that makes raw hydrogen and air humidification have high running stability uniformly for the defective that overcomes above-mentioned prior art existence.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of fuel cell with high running stability, comprise fuel cell pack, hydrogen-storing device, the hydrogen pressure-reducing valve, the hydrogen pressure maintaining valve, air filter, the air compression feeding mechanism, the first hydrogen Water-vapor seperator, the first air Water-vapor seperator, water tank, the cooling fluid circulating pump, radiator, the hydrogen circulating pump, the hydrogen humidifying device, the air humidification device, the described first hydrogen Water-vapor seperator is located at the hydrogen outlet end of fuel cell pack, the described first air Water-vapor seperator is located at the air outlet slit end of fuel cell pack, it is characterized in that, also comprise the second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator, the second air Water-vapor seperator, the described second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator is located at the hydrogen inlet end of fuel cell pack, and the described second air Water-vapor seperator is located at the air intlet end of fuel cell pack.
The described second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator is located at the hydrogen humidifying device and fuel cell pack advances between the hydrogen mouth.
The described second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator is located at nearly fuel cell pack and enters hydrogen mouth place.
The described second air Water-vapor seperator is located at the air humidification device and fuel cell pack advances between the air scoop.
The described second air Water-vapor seperator is located at nearly fuel cell pack and enters the air scoop place.
The described second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator adopts low flow resistance hydrogen Water-vapor seperator.
The described second air Water-vapor seperator adopts low flow resistance air Water-vapor seperator.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has adopted a kind of efficient, Water-vapor seperator that flow resistance is very little, be installed in as far as possible near the fuel cell pack raw material gas inlet, allow hydrogen, air behind the humidification enter earlier this Water-vapor seperator respectively, enter fuel cell pack generation chemical reaction then at once.Like this, before hydrogen, air behind the humidification are entering fuel cell pack, even occurrence temperature descends, it is big that pressure oscillation becomes, can more fully in Water-vapor seperator, condensed water be separated fully, do not have aqueous water to bring into when assurance enters fuel cell pack, thereby make raw hydrogen, air humidification evenly an amount of, fuel cell operation is stable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing fuel cell operation system;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of fuel cell of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of hydrogen Water-vapor seperator of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of air Water-vapor seperator of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment
As Fig. 2, and in conjunction with shown in Figure 1, a kind of fuel cell with high running stability, comprise fuel cell pack 1, hydrogen-storing device 2, hydrogen pressure-reducing valve 3, hydrogen pressure maintaining valve 23, air filter 4, air compression feeding mechanism 5, the first hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 6, the first air Water-vapor seperator 6 ', water tank 7, cooling fluid circulating pump 8, radiator 9, hydrogen circulating pump 10, hydrogen humidifying device 11, air humidification device 12, the second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 13, the second air Water-vapor seperator 14, the described first hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 6 is located at the hydrogen outlet end of fuel cell pack 1, the described first air Water-vapor seperator 6 ' is located at the air outlet slit end of fuel cell pack 1, the described second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 13 is located at the hydrogen inlet end of fuel cell pack 1, and the described second air Water-vapor seperator 14 is located at the air intlet end of fuel cell pack 1.
The above-mentioned second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 13 further is located at hydrogen humidifying device 11 and fuel cell pack 1 advances between the hydrogen mouth, and this second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 13 is located at nearly fuel cell pack 1 and enters hydrogen mouth place.
The above-mentioned second air Water-vapor seperator 14 further is located at air humidification device 12 and fuel cell pack 1 advances between the air scoop, and this second air Water-vapor seperator 14 is located at nearly fuel cell pack 1 and enters the air scoop place.
The above-mentioned second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 13 adopts efficient, low flow resistance hydrogen Water-vapor seperator.The above-mentioned second air Water-vapor seperator 14 adopts efficient, low flow resistance air Water-vapor seperator.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, above-mentioned second hydrogen, air Water-vapor seperator should be respectively design according to fuel cell stack power size and hydrogen, air mass flow size.In the present embodiment, adopting power is the fuel cell of 50KW.The second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 13 of this fuel cell comprises hydrogen air inlet pipe 131, separator body 132, drainage pipe 133, drain solenoid valve 134, hydrogen escape pipe 135, described separator body 132 is cylindric, high 100mm, diameter 80mm, described drainage pipe 133 is located at the bottom of separator body 132, and described hydrogen air inlet pipe 131, hydrogen escape pipe 135 are located at the top of separator body 132; From the humidification hydrogen that hydrogen air inlet pipe 131 enters, contain partial condensation water, after separator body 132 separates, condensed water in the humidification hydrogen is separated fully, the hydrogen of going out from hydrogen escape pipe 135 (enter fuel cell pack 1 immediately and participate in reaction) is for the humidification hydrogen of aqueous water, thereby guaranteed the operation stability of fuel cell.
The second air Water-vapor seperator 14 of this fuel cell comprises air intake duct 141, separator body 142, drainage pipe 143, drain solenoid valve 144, air escape pipe 145, described separator body 142 is cylindric, high 200mm, diameter 150mm, described drainage pipe 143 is located at the bottom of separator body 142, and described air intake duct 141, air escape pipe 145 are located at the top of separator body 142; From the humidification air that air intake duct 141 enters, contain partial condensation water, after separator body 142 separates, the airborne condensed water of humidification is separated fully, the air of going out from air escape pipe 145 (enter fuel cell pack 1 immediately and participate in reaction) is for the humidification air of aqueous water, thereby guaranteed the operation stability of fuel cell.
Above-mentioned drain solenoid valve 134,144 between 1 to 360 second certain intervals open a draining.

Claims (5)

1. fuel cell, comprise fuel cell pack, hydrogen-storing device, the hydrogen pressure-reducing valve, the hydrogen pressure maintaining valve, air filter, the air compression feeding mechanism, the first hydrogen Water-vapor seperator, the first air Water-vapor seperator, water tank, the cooling fluid circulating pump, radiator, the hydrogen circulating pump, the hydrogen humidifying device, the air humidification device, the described first hydrogen Water-vapor seperator is located at the hydrogen outlet end of fuel cell pack, the described first air Water-vapor seperator is located at the air outlet slit end of fuel cell pack, it is characterized in that, also comprise the second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator, the second air Water-vapor seperator, the described second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator is located at the hydrogen inlet end of fuel cell pack, and the described second air Water-vapor seperator is located at the air intlet end of fuel cell pack.
2. a kind of fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator is located at the hydrogen humidifying device and fuel cell pack advances between the hydrogen mouth.
3. a kind of fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described second air Water-vapor seperator is located at the air humidification device and fuel cell pack advances between the air scoop.
4. a kind of fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described second hydrogen Water-vapor seperator adopts low flow resistance hydrogen Water-vapor seperator.
5. a kind of fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described second air Water-vapor seperator adopts low flow resistance air Water-vapor seperator.
CNB2004100536299A 2004-08-11 2004-08-11 Fuel cell with higher operation stability Active CN100388543C (en)

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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8408246B2 (en) * 2005-10-05 2013-04-02 Societe Bic Fuel cartridge for fuel cells
CN101345318B (en) * 2007-07-10 2010-06-16 比亚迪股份有限公司 Humidification system of fuel cell
CN105552401B (en) * 2016-02-03 2019-04-12 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Fuel cell system and fuel cell energy system
CN106354180A (en) * 2016-10-14 2017-01-25 上海新源动力有限公司 System for quickly adjusting temperature and humidity of gas of fuel battery test board
CN108539222A (en) * 2018-06-06 2018-09-14 同济大学 A kind of on-vehicle fuel multiple module paralleling hydrogen gas circulating system and its control method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08250143A (en) * 1995-03-08 1996-09-27 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Operating method for steam separator of fuel-cell generating system
CN1340221A (en) * 1999-01-12 2002-03-13 泰勒戴尼能源系统公司 Method and apparatus for maintaining neutral water balance in a fuel cell system
CN1423356A (en) * 2002-12-30 2003-06-11 西安交通大学 Method for oil-free lubricating vortex compressor-decompressor system for fuel cell
JP2003297402A (en) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-17 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Fuel cell power generating device
CN2718795Y (en) * 2004-08-11 2005-08-17 上海神力科技有限公司 Fuel cell with higher operating stability

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08250143A (en) * 1995-03-08 1996-09-27 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Operating method for steam separator of fuel-cell generating system
CN1340221A (en) * 1999-01-12 2002-03-13 泰勒戴尼能源系统公司 Method and apparatus for maintaining neutral water balance in a fuel cell system
JP2003297402A (en) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-17 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Fuel cell power generating device
CN1423356A (en) * 2002-12-30 2003-06-11 西安交通大学 Method for oil-free lubricating vortex compressor-decompressor system for fuel cell
CN2718795Y (en) * 2004-08-11 2005-08-17 上海神力科技有限公司 Fuel cell with higher operating stability

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