A kind of fuel cell with function of preventing back-fire
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell, relate in particular to a kind of fuel cell with function of preventing back-fire.
Background technology
Electrochemical fuel cell is a kind of device that hydrogen and oxidant can be changed into electric energy and product.The internal core parts of this device are membrane electrode (Membrane Electrode Assembly are called for short MEA), and membrane electrode (MEA) is made up of as carbon paper a proton exchange membrane, two porous conductive materials of film two sides folder.The catalyst that contains the initiation electrochemical reaction of even tiny dispersion on two boundary faces of film and carbon paper is as the metal platinum catalyst.The membrane electrode both sides can electrochemistry will take place with conductive body to be sent out and answers the electronics that generates in the process, draws by external circuit, constitutes current circuit.
At the anode tap of membrane electrode, fuel can pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper) by infiltration, and electrochemical reaction takes place on catalyst surface, lose electronics, form cation, cation can pass proton exchange membrane by migration, arrives the other end cathode terminal of membrane electrode.At the cathode terminal of membrane electrode, contain the gas of oxidant (as oxygen), as air, pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper), and the generation electrochemical reaction obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion by infiltration.The cation of coming in the anion and the anode tap migration of cathode terminal formation reacts, and forms product.
Adopting hydrogen is fuel, and the air that contains oxygen is in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of oxidant (or pure oxygen is an oxidant), and fuel hydrogen has just produced hydrogen cation (or being proton) in the catalytic electrochemical reaction of anode region.Proton exchange membrane helps the hydrogen cation to move to the cathodic region from the anode region.In addition, proton exchange membrane is separated the air-flow and the oxygen containing air-flow of hydrogen fuel, they can not mixed mutually and produces explosion type reaction.
In the cathodic region, oxygen obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion, and moves the hydrogen cation reaction of coming, reaction of formation product water with the anode region.In the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells that adopts hydrogen, air (oxygen), anode reaction and cathode reaction can be expressed in order to following equation:
Anode reaction: H
2→ 2H
++ 2e
Cathode reaction: 1/2O
2+ 2H
++ 2e → H
2O
In typical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, membrane electrode (MEA) generally all is placed in the middle of the pole plate of two conductions, and quarter is milled by die casting, punching press or machinery in the surface that every guide plate contacts with membrane electrode, and formation is the guiding gutter of one or more at least.These guide plates can above metal material pole plate, also can be the pole plate of graphite material.Fluid duct on these guide plates and guiding gutter import fuel and oxidant the anode region and the cathodic region on membrane electrode both sides respectively.In the structure of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells monocell, only there is a membrane electrode, the membrane electrode both sides are respectively the baffler of anode fuel and the baffler of cathode oxidant.These bafflers are both as current collector plate, and also as the mechanical support on membrane electrode both sides, the guiding gutter on the baffler acts as a fuel again and enters the passage of anode, cathode surface with oxidant, and as the passage of taking away the water that generates in the fuel cell operation process.
In order to increase the gross power of whole Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, two or more monocells can be connected into battery pack or be unified into battery pack by the mode that tiles usually by straight folded mode.In straight folded, in-line battery pack, can there be guiding gutter on the two sides of a pole plate, and wherein one side can be used as the anode guide face of a membrane electrode, and another side can be used as the cathode diversion face of another adjacent membranes electrode, and this pole plate is called bipolar plates.A series of monocell connects together by certain way and forms a battery pack.Battery pack tightens together by front end-plate, end plate and pull bar usually and becomes one.
A typical battery stack generally includes: the water conservancy diversion import and the flow-guiding channel of (1) fuel and oxidant gas are distributed to fuel (hydrogen-rich gas that obtains as hydrogen, methyl alcohol or methyl alcohol, natural gas, gasoline) and oxidant (mainly being oxygen or air) in the guiding gutter of each anode, cathode plane equably after reforming; (2) import and export and the flow-guiding channel of cooling fluid (as water) are evenly distributed to cooling fluid in each battery pack inner cooling channel, and the heat absorption that hydrogen in the fuel cell, the exothermic reaction of oxygen electrochemistry are generated is also taken battery pack out of and dispelled the heat; (3) outlet of fuel and oxidant gas and corresponding flow-guiding channel, fuel gas and oxidant gas are when discharging, and portability goes out the liquid that generates in the fuel cell, the water of steam state.Usually, the import and export of all fuel, oxidant, cooling fluid are all opened on the end plate of fuel battery or on two end plates.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells can be used as the dynamical system of delivery vehicles such as car, ship, can be used as movable type, fixed Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) again.
When Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells can be used as car, ship power system or movable type and stationary power generation station, must comprise battery pile, fuel hydrogen supply system, air supply subsystem, cooling heat dissipation subsystem, control and electric energy output various piece automatically.
Fig. 1 is a fuel cell generation, and 1 is fuel cell pack in Fig. 1, and 2 are storage hydrogen bottle or other hydrogen-storing devices, and 3 is pressure-reducing valve, and 4 is air filter, and 5 is the air compression feeding mechanism; 6,6 ' be respectively out pile hydrogen, air Water-vapor seperator, 7 is water tank, and 8 is the cooling fluid circulating pump, and 9 is radiator, and 10 is the hydrogen circulating pump, and 11,12 are respectively hydrogen, air humidification device.
Operation of fuel cells need be carried out humidification to hydrogen gas side, to guarantee the fuel battery energy operate as normal.At fuel cell hydrogen side humidifier to the side-entrance of fuel cell hydrogen because a segment distance is arranged, have water droplet and from air-flow, separate out, and the collision of water droplet can generate bigger water droplet, even become a water body and be suspended in the air-flow.And this big water droplet or be suspended in water body in the air-flow and in a single day enter fuel cell pack and will produce fatal influence to the performance of the electrode in the battery pile as shown in Figure 2, therefore must be removed water droplet or water body in the air-flow.On the other hand, hydrogen is a kind of high-energy fuel, but also is the high gas of a kind of combustibility.Hydrogen in the pipeline in case with air mixed after, run into naked light and just tempering might take place, can cause the blast of whole hydrogen storage bottle generation fuel, so must consider anti-backfire problem.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to provide a kind of fuel cell with function of preventing back-fire for the defective that overcomes above-mentioned prior art existence, this fuel cell can make in the humidification hydrogen that enters fuel cell pack participation reaction and not contain liquid, thereby can improve its operation stability.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of fuel cell with function of preventing back-fire, comprise fuel cell pack, hydrogen-storing device, the hydrogen pressure-reducing valve, the hydrogen humidifying device, go out pile hydrogen Water-vapor seperator, the hydrogen circulating pump, air filter, the air compression feeding mechanism, the air humidification device, go out pile air Water-vapor seperator, water tank, the cooling fluid circulating pump, radiator, it is characterized in that, also comprise humidification hydrogen Water-vapor seperator, this humidification hydrogen Water-vapor seperator comprises housing, in this housing, be provided with an at least one porous metal pipe and a dividing plate, one end of described humidification hydrogen Water-vapor seperator is communicated with the port of export of hydrogen humidifying device, and the other end is communicated with the hydrogen inlet end of fuel cell pack.
Described porous metal Guan Weisan root.
Described porous metal pipe is the porousness stainless steel tube.
Described humidification hydrogen Water-vapor seperator vertically is provided with, described dividing plate is located at this shell separator inner chamber middle and upper part, this dividing plate is separated into two cavitys up and down with the housing inner chamber, on dividing plate, offer at least one and the corresponding hole of described porous metal pipe, described porous metal pipe docks with this dividing plate hole at lower chamber, described porous metal Guan Youyi end is opening, the other end is the structure of remaining silent, described lower chamber following side is provided with the humidification hydrogen inlet, the bottom is provided with delivery port, and described upper cavity top is provided with the wet hydrogen outlet.
Described delivery port extends upward and is horn-like, and described delivery port is provided with a closed type electromagnetically operated valve in order to the control regular discharge.
Described housing is cylindrical.
Described housing and dividing plate all adopt stainless steel material, and its fuse breaking hydrogen flame propagation temperature is not for being higher than 250 ℃.
As shown in Figure 3, the present invention adopts a special material---the porousness stainless steel tube.This material can separate moisture content with hydrogen, when air-flow enters this humidification hydrogen Water-vapor seperator, hydrogen can spread into and exports out from the wet hydrogen of the dividing plate other end by the porousness stainless steel tube, hydrone has then been kept off by this special material, discharge by the delivery port that is located at the bottom, so just reached the purpose that steam separates.And this Water-vapor seperator also possesses function of preventing back-fire, in case in the fuel cell pack in the hydrogen pipeline mixing air run into naked light and catch fire, the intensity of a fire can be in pipeline the hydrogen rapid spread, during to water-vapour separator, sintering and stopping up immediately when the porousness stainless steel tube runs into hydrogen flame, flame is blocked, and so just can play the effect that prevents to be tempered in the air accumulator that stores a large amount of hydrogen.So the present invention is called as the fuel cell with function of preventing back-fire.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing fuel cell;
Fig. 2 is for forming the schematic diagram of little water droplet and suspension water body in the pipeline between outlet of hydrogen humidifier and the fuel cell pack hydrogen inlet in the existing fuel cell;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of fuel cell humidifying hydrogen Water-vapor seperator of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 3, a kind of fuel cell with function of preventing back-fire, comprise fuel cell pack 1, hydrogen-storing device 2, hydrogen pressure-reducing valve 3, air filter 4, air compression feeding mechanism 5, go out pile hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 6, go out pile air Water-vapor seperator 6 ', water tank 7, cooling fluid circulating pump 8, radiator 9, hydrogen circulating pump 10, hydrogen humidifying device 11, air humidification device 12, humidification hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 13, described humidification hydrogen Water-vapor seperator comprises Stainless Steel Shell 131, be provided with three fluid-tight porousness stainless steel tubes 132 of saturating (hydrogen) gas and a stainless steel separator 133 in this housing 131, described housing 131 is cylindrical.
Described humidification hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 13 vertically is provided with, described dividing plate 133 is located at this shell separator inner chamber middle and upper part, this dividing plate 133 is separated into two cavitys up and down with the housing inner chamber, on dividing plate 133, offer three and described porousness stainless steel tube 132 corresponding holes 134, described porousness stainless steel tube 132 docks with this dividing plate hole 134 at lower chamber, described porousness stainless steel tube 132 upper end open, the lower end is for remaining silent, described lower chamber following side is provided with humidification hydrogen inlet 135, the bottom is provided with and is down horn-like delivery port 136, and described upper cavity top is provided with wet hydrogen and goes out 137.
As Fig. 3 and with reference to shown in Figure 1, an end of described humidification hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 13 is communicated with the port of export of hydrogen humidifying device 11, and the other end is communicated with the hydrogen inlet end of fuel cell pack 1.
As Fig. 3 and with reference to Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment, the humidification hydrogen that comes out from hydrogen humidifying device 11 ports of export in the 50kw fuel battery engines inevitably can little water droplet 122 of coagulating some or suspension water body 123 after through a segment pipe 121, after this humidification hydrogen enters the humidification hydrogen inlet 135 of humidification hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 13 of the present invention, humidification hydrogen can be entered and comes out from the wet hydrogen outlet 137 of dividing plate 133 other ends by porousness stainless steel tube 132 diffusion, the hydrogen inlet that enters fuel cell pack 1 is immediately participated in reaction, hydrone has then been kept off by this special material, discharge by water outlet 136 and closed type electromagnetically operated valve 138 a timing controlled unlatching of being located at the bottom, so just reached the purpose that steam separates.And present embodiment Water-vapor seperator 13 also possesses function of preventing back-fire, in case on the fuel cell pack 1 in the hydrogen pipeline mixing air run into naked light and catch fire, the intensity of a fire can be in pipeline the hydrogen rapid spread, during to Water-vapor seperator 13, because the sintering fire retardation of porousness stainless steel tube 132, so this Water-vapor seperator 13 just can play the effect that prevents tempering.
In the present embodiment, three porousness stainless steel tubes 132 have been adopted, this porousness stainless steel tube 132 internal diameter 2cm, long 10cm; The rest may be inferred; difference according to processing humidification hydrogen flowing quantity; can also adopt one, two even many porousness stainless steel tubes 132; housing 131 and dividing plate 133 can also adopt other material simultaneously; thereby derive more embodiment; what deserves to be explained is that these embodiment are protection scope of the present invention.