CN1773760A - Fuel cell capable of making hydrogen or air temperature and humidity entered into reaction stablizing - Google Patents

Fuel cell capable of making hydrogen or air temperature and humidity entered into reaction stablizing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1773760A
CN1773760A CNA2004100680656A CN200410068065A CN1773760A CN 1773760 A CN1773760 A CN 1773760A CN A2004100680656 A CNA2004100680656 A CN A2004100680656A CN 200410068065 A CN200410068065 A CN 200410068065A CN 1773760 A CN1773760 A CN 1773760A
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hydrogen
air
fuel cell
cooling fluid
humidity
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CN100392902C (en
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夏建伟
胡里清
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Co
Shanghai Shenli Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Shen Li High Tech Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

A fuel cell with stable temperature and humidity of hydrogen and air consists of fuel cell stack, hydrogen storage unit, hydrogen pressure reducing valve, hydrogen humidifying unit, air filter unit, air compressor, air humidifying unit, hydrogen water - gas separator, hydrogen circulation pump, air water - air separator, water tank, cooling water circulation pump, radiator, temperature and humidity stabilizing unit of hydrogen or air. It features that said temperature and humidity stabilizing unit of hydrogen or air is installed between hydrogen or air humidifying unit and inlet of air or hydrogen to enter fuel cell stack.

Description

Fuel cell capable of stabilizing temperature and humidity of hydrogen or air entering reaction
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly, to a fuel cell capable of stabilizing the temperature and humidity of hydrogen or air entering into a reaction.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device capable of converting hydrogen and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of thecatalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each guide plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The flow guide polar plates can be polar plates made of metal materials or polar plates made of graphite materials. The fluid pore channels and the diversion trenches on the diversion polar plates respectively guide the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is present, and a guide plate of anode fuel and a guide plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The guide plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the guide grooves on the guide plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) the inlet and outlet of cooling fluid (such as water) and the flow guide channel uniformly distribute the cooling fluid into the cooling channels in each battery pack, and the heat generated by the electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell isabsorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a power system of vehicles, ships and other vehicles, and can also be used as a movable and fixed power generation device.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is used as a vehicle power system, a ship power system or a mobile and fixed power station, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell must comprise a cell stack, a fuel hydrogen supply system, an air supply subsystem, a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, an automatic control part and an electric energy output part.
Fig. 1 shows a typical current fuel cell power generation system, in fig. 1, 1 is a fuel cell stack, 2 is a hydrogen storage bottle or other hydrogen storage device, 3 is a pressure reducing valve, 4 is an air filtering device, 5 is an air compression supply device, 6 is a hydrogen water-vapor separator, 6' is an air water-vapor separator, 7 is a water tank, 8 is a cooling fluid circulation pump, 9 is a radiator, 10 is a hydrogen circulation pump, 11 is a hydrogen humidifying device, and 12 is an air humidifying device.
According to the integration and operation principle of the current typical fuel cell power generation system, hydrogen and air which are conveyed to a fuel cell stack must be subjected to pressure stabilization and pass through humidifying devices (11, 12) to become wet air and hydrogen reaching certain relative humidity and temperature, and then enter the fuel cell stack to generate electrochemical reaction. Otherwise, when dry or insufficiently humidified air or hydrogen is delivered to the fuel cell stack, the excess air or hydrogen can cause water loss of a proton exchange membrane in a membrane electrode which is a core component in the fuel cell stack, and the water loss of the proton exchange membrane can cause the internal resistance of the fuel cell to be increased rapidly and the operation performance to be reduced rapidly.
The humidification devices currently applied to proton exchange membrane fuel cells mainly comprise the following components:
1. before dry air and fuel hydrogen enter the fuel cell, the dry air and the fuel hydrogen are in direct contact with purified water in a humidifying device and collide with each other to enable water molecules and air molecules to be in a uniformly mixed gaseous state, and when the air and the water molecules enter the fuel cell, the air and the water molecules reach certain relative humidity.
2. Before the dry air or fuel hydrogen and the purified water enter the fuel cell, the dry air or fuel hydrogen and the purified water are not in direct contact in the humidifying device, but are separated by a layer of membrane which can allow water molecules to freely penetrate but not allow gas molecules to penetrate, when the dry air or the hydrogen flows through one side of the membrane and the purified water flows through the other side of the membrane, the water molecules can automatically penetrate through the other side of the membrane from one side of the membrane, so that the air molecules and the water molecules are mixed to reach air with certain relative humidity. Such membranes may be proton exchange membranes such as Nafion membranes from dupont, and the like.
3. The patent application number: 02217654.3 discloses a humidifying device (Shanghai Shenli science and technology Co., Ltd.) for exchanging water by using dry air beforeentering a fuel cell and wet air after exiting the fuel cell, wherein the humidifying device is composed of a rotary inner container, water absorbing materials are filled in the rotary inner container, when the dry air passes through the rotary inner container, water molecules on the surface of the filling materials in the inner container are taken away, and the wet air and the water pass through the surface of the filling materials in the inner container to adsorb the water molecules again.
However, the existing technical scheme is that the hydrogen and air delivered to the fuel cell stack are humidified and then become wet air with certain relative humidity and temperature, and the hydrogen directly enters the fuel cell stack to generate electrochemical reaction, and has the following technical defects:
1. generally, the above-described humidification apparatus is designed for the operating conditions of the fuel cell in the rated operating state. When the flow rates of the hydrogen and the air delivered to the fuel cell stack are changed greatly, for example, when the flow rates are small, over-humidification is easily caused, a small amount of liquid water is easily condensed from over-humidified hydrogen or air, and the liquid water is respectively brought into a hydrogen guide groove and an air guide groove of the fuel cell by wet hydrogen and wet air. Causing water blockage of the diversion trench. The single cell is in a starvation state of insufficient supply of fuel hydrogen or air due to water blockage in the hydrogen guide groove or water blockage in the air guide groove in a certain single cell, the performance of the single cell is rapidly reduced, and the electrode is caused to be reversely polarized and burnt in serious conditions.
2. The design of the humidifying device is generally that the relative humidity of hydrogen and air can be controlled according to the design target after the rated hydrogen and air flow pass through the humidifying device under the rated working state of the fuel cell, such as the rated working temperature. However, when the external temperature and the external air relative humidity change greatly, the hydrogen and air relative humidity passing through the humidifying device deviates from the target control value, i.e. the hydrogen and air relative humidity are either too wet or too dry, which causes the instability of the operation performance of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and providing a fuel cell which can stabilize the temperature and humidity of hydrogen or air entering into a reaction, which is advantageous for improving the operation stability.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the fuel cell capable of stabilizing the temperature and the humidity of hydrogen or air entering into reaction comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen humidifying device, an air filtering device, an air compression supply device, an air humidifying device, a hydrogen water-steam separator, a hydrogen circulating pump, an air water-steam separator, a water tank, a cooling fluid circulating pump and a radiator.
The air or hydrogen temperature and humidity stabilizing device comprises a cavity, and at least two layers of calandria are arranged in the cavity.
The cavity is internally provided with an upper layer of calandria and a lower layer of calandria.
The cavity lower part be equipped with damp and hot air or hydrogen import, the top is equipped with damp and hot air orhydrogen export, upper calandria upper portion be equipped with first cooling fluid import, the lower part is equipped with first cooling fluid export, lower calandria upper portion be equipped with second cooling fluid import, the lower part is equipped with second cooling fluid export, cavity bottom pass through the pipeline and link to each other with a deionizer, this deionizer links to each other with a water tank again.
The first cooling fluid outlet is connected to the inlet of the radiator, and the outlet of the radiator is connected to the second cooling fluid inlet.
The first cooling fluid inlet is connected with the cooling fluid outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the second cooling fluid outlet is connected with the inlet of the cooling fluid circulating pump.
The bottom of the cavity is in a horn mouth shape and is used for collecting condensed water.
An overflow pipe is arranged at the upper part of the water tank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the device capable of stabilizing the temperature and the humidity of the air or the hydrogen is arranged before the air or the hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack to react, so that the phenomenon of over-humidity or over-drying in the fuel cell stack is avoided, and the operation stability of the fuel cell is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional fuel cell;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for stabilizing the temperature and humidity of air or hydrogen according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a fuel cell capable of stabilizing the temperature and humidity of hydrogen or air entering into a reaction comprises a fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen storage device 2, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 3, a hydrogen humidifying device 11, an air filtering device 4, an air compression supply device 5, an air humidifying device 12, a hydrogen water-vapor separator 6, a hydrogen circulating pump 10, an air water-vapor separator 6', a water tank 7, a cooling fluid circulating pump 8, a radiator 9, and an air or hydrogen temperature and humidity stabilizing device 13, wherein the air or hydrogen temperature and humidity stabilizing device 13 is arranged between the air or hydrogen humidifying device 11 or 12 and an inlet of the air or hydrogen entering into the fuel cell stack.
The air or hydrogen temperature and humidity stabilizing device 13 comprises a cavity 14, an upper layer of calandria 15 and a lower layer of calandria 16 are arranged in the cavity 14, a damp and hot air or hydrogen inlet 17 is arranged at the lower part of the cavity, a damp and hot air or hydrogen outlet 18 is arranged at the top of the cavity, a first cooling fluid inlet 19 is arranged at the upper part of the upper layer of calandria 15, a first cooling fluid outlet 20 is arranged at the lower part of the upper layer of calandria 16, a second cooling fluid inlet 21 is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer of calandria 16, a second cooling fluid outlet 22 is arranged at the lower part of the lower layer of calandria 16, the bottom of the cavity 14 is connected with a deionizer 23 through. The first cooling fluid outlet 20 is connected to the inlet of the radiator 9 and the outlet of the radiator 9 is connected to the second cooling fluid inlet 21. The first cooling fluid inlet 19 is connected to the cooling fluid outlet of the fuel cell stack 1, and the second cooling fluid outlet 22 is connected to the cooling fluid circulation pump 8 inlet. The bottom of the cavity 14 is in a bell mouth shape to collect condensed water. An overflow pipe 25 is arranged at the upper part of the water tank 24.
This example is a 10KW fuel cell, with a cooling water outlet temperature of 65 ℃, after passing through the radiator, the cooling water drops to 60 ℃, i.e. the temperature difference between the upper and lower two layers of calandria is 5 ℃.
The outside air temperature will change greatly, generally 0 deg.C or 40 deg.C, the humidity will become 100% after passing through the humidifying device, the temperature may be between 70 deg.C-78 deg.C, if directly entering the fuel cell stack to react, it will be greatly influenced by the outside air temperature change, but after passing through the new humidity and temperature regulating and stabilizing device of the present invention, the air temperature will be stabilized at about 61 deg.C after being cooled by the lower layer calandria, and then heated by the upper layer calandria, and the air entering the fuel cell stack is always 64 deg.C, and the relative humidity is about 80%.
Similarly, after the temperature and the humidity of the hydrogen pass through the regulating and stabilizing device of the invention, the temperature and the humidity of the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack are always 64 ℃, and the relative humidity is about 80 percent.

Claims (8)

1. The fuel cell capable of stabilizing the temperature and the humidity of hydrogen or air entering into reaction comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen humidifying device, an air filtering device, an air compression supply device, an air humidifying device, a hydrogen water-steam separator, a hydrogen circulating pump, an air water-steam separator, a water tank, a cooling fluid circulating pump and a radiator.
2. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the means for stabilizing the temperature and humidity of the air or hydrogen gas comprises a chamber containing at least two layers of manifolds.
3. The fuel cell of claim 2, wherein the chamber has two layers of tubes arranged therein, one on top of the other and the other on the bottom of the chamber.
4. The fuel cell of claim 3, wherein the chamber has a hot and humid air or hydrogen inlet at the lower part, a hot and humid air or hydrogen outlet at the top, a first cooling fluid inlet at the upper part and a first cooling fluid outlet at the lower part, a second cooling fluid inlet at the upper part and a second cooling fluid outlet at the lower part, and a deionizer connected to a water tank at the bottom of the chamber via a pipe.
5. The fuel cell capable of stabilizing the temperature and humidity of hydrogen or air entering a reaction according to claim 4, wherein the first cooling fluid outlet is connected to an inlet of a heat sink, and the outlet of the heat sink is connected to the second cooling fluid inlet.
6. The fuel cell of claim 4, wherein the first cooling fluid inlet is connected to the fuel cell stack cooling fluid outlet and the second cooling fluid outlet is connected to the cooling fluid circulation pump inlet.
7. The fuel cell capable of stabilizing the temperature and humidity of hydrogen or air entering into reaction according to claim 4, wherein the bottom of the cavity is flared to collect condensed water.
8. The fuel cell for stabilizing the temperature and humidity of hydrogen or air entering into reaction according to claim 4, wherein an overflow pipe is provided at the upper part of the water tank.
CNB2004100680656A 2004-11-11 2004-11-11 Fuel cell capable of making hydrogen or air temperature and humidity entered into reaction stablizing Active CN100392902C (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101345318B (en) * 2007-07-10 2010-06-16 比亚迪股份有限公司 Humidification system of fuel cell
CN103947025A (en) * 2011-11-23 2014-07-23 Sk新技术株式会社 Battery pack
CN107925106A (en) * 2015-08-10 2018-04-17 大众汽车有限公司 Fuel cell pack with internal particle binding function and the vehicle with this fuel cell pack
CN109273742A (en) * 2018-09-27 2019-01-25 德州新动能铁塔发电有限公司 A kind of air supply system of methanol-water reformation hydrogen production fuel cell

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002373686A (en) * 2001-06-14 2002-12-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Temperature and humidity regulating device and temperature and humidity regulating method for fuel cell reactant gas
JP2003178778A (en) * 2001-12-12 2003-06-27 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel cell system
CN2739805Y (en) * 2004-11-11 2005-11-09 上海神力科技有限公司 Fuel cell capable of making incoming hydrogne or air temperature and humidity stable

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101345318B (en) * 2007-07-10 2010-06-16 比亚迪股份有限公司 Humidification system of fuel cell
CN103947025A (en) * 2011-11-23 2014-07-23 Sk新技术株式会社 Battery pack
CN107925106A (en) * 2015-08-10 2018-04-17 大众汽车有限公司 Fuel cell pack with internal particle binding function and the vehicle with this fuel cell pack
US10804556B2 (en) 2015-08-10 2020-10-13 Volkswagen Ag Fuel cell stack having an internal particle retention function and vehicle having such a fuel cell stack
CN107925106B (en) * 2015-08-10 2020-11-06 大众汽车有限公司 Fuel cell stack with internal particle confinement and vehicle with such a fuel cell stack
CN109273742A (en) * 2018-09-27 2019-01-25 德州新动能铁塔发电有限公司 A kind of air supply system of methanol-water reformation hydrogen production fuel cell

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