CN2845187Y

CN2845187Y - A kind of defroster of fuel cell electric vehicle engine

Info

Publication number: CN2845187Y
Application number: CNU2005200476762U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡里清; 郭伟良; 胡卓滔
Original assignee: Shanghai Shen Li High Tech Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Shenli Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2005-12-19
Filing date: 2005-12-19
Publication date: 2006-12-06
Anticipated expiration: 2015-12-19

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of defroster of fuel cell electric vehicle engine, comprise fuel cell pack, hydrogen air inlet pipe, hydrogen discharge pipe, hydrogen gas tank, air intake duct, air discharge pipe, blower fan, cooling fluid circulation pipe, water tank, between described air intake duct and the hydrogen air inlet pipe pipeline is set and is communicated with, and on this pipeline, a normally closed solenoid valve is set; When the utility model does not move at fuel cell electric vehicle engine; purge all residual moistures in air discharge pipe, hydrogen discharge pipe, the fuel cell pack clean; its internal moisture just can not be because of the blocking pipeline that freezes under severe cold condition; in addition; because fuel cell pack, air, hydrogen discharge pipeline, cooling fluid circulation line, water tank etc. have all superscribed the heat-insulating material of protectiveness, therefore fuel cell is incubated for a long time.

Description

Anti-freezing device for engine of fuel cell electric vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a fuel cell especially relates to an freeze-proof device of fuel cell electric motor car engine.

Background

An electrochemical fuel cell is a device capable of converting hydrogen and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.

At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ionsby permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.

In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.

In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:

and (3) anode reaction:

and (3) cathode reaction:

in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each guide plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The flow guide polar plates can be polar plates made of metal materials and polar plates made of graphite materials. The fluid pore channels and the diversion trenches on the diversion polar plates respectively guide the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is present, and a guide plate of anode fuel and a guide plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The guide plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the guide grooves on the guide plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.

In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.

A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) the inlet and outlet of cooling fluid (such as water) and the flow guide channel uniformly distribute the cooling fluid into the cooling channels in each battery pack, and the heat generated by the electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.

The following problems often occur when the engine of the fuel cell electric vehicle is stored in the weather below 0 ℃:

1. freezing of residual water inside the fuel cell stack;

2. cooling fluids and other pipelines in the auxiliary system of the fuel cell are easy to freeze if water exists.

Due to these problems, it often results in an abnormal or even impossible start-up of the fuel cell engine at restart.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at providing an anti-freezing device of a fuel cell electric vehicle engine for overcoming the problems in the prior art.

The purpose of the utility model can be realized through the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an freeze-proof device of fuel cell electric motor car engine, includes fuel cell stack, hydrogen intake pipe, hydrogen delivery pipe, hydrogen tank, air intake pipe, air delivery pipe, fan, cooling fluid circulation pipe, water tank, its characterized in that, air intake pipe and hydrogen intake pipe between set up a pipeline intercommunication to set up a normally closed solenoid valve on this pipeline.

The hydrogen inlet pipe is provided with a high-pressure hydrogen electromagnetic valve and a hydrogen pressure reducing valve which are arranged in front of the normally closed electromagnetic valve pipeline and close to the outlet end of the hydrogen tank.

And the peripheries of the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen inlet pipe, the hydrogen exhaust pipe, the air inlet pipe, the air exhaust pipe, the cooling fluid circulating pipe and the water tank are provided with heat insulation material layers.

The heat insulating material layer can be heat insulating rubber material, and can also be glass fiber or other heat insulating plastic materials.

Can take when fuel cell electric motor car engine out of service the utility model discloses a following measure:

the air exhaust pipe, the hydrogen exhaust pipe and all residual moisture in the fuel cell stack are completely purged, the residual heat of the fuel cell is kept, the temperature can be ensured to be above 0 ℃ for a long time under the protection of a heat insulating material, and even if the temperature drops below 0 ℃, the fuel cell cannot freeze and cannot block a pipeline because no residual water exists in the fuel cell.

When the fuel cell vehicle stops running in a cold day, as shown in fig. 1, the control system automatically opens the normally closed electromagnetic valve 2 and rapidly modulates the fan 1, so that a large air flow is delivered into the fuel cell stack 3 and flows out of the hydrogen discharge pipe 4 and the air discharge pipe 5. After the continuous purging, no liquid water remains in the hydrogen side, the empty side, and the hydrogen gas discharge pipe 4 and the air discharge pipe 5 of the fuel cell stack 3.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of it is following:

1. when the engine of the fuelcell electric vehicle does not run, all residual moisture in the air exhaust pipe, the hydrogen exhaust pipe and the fuel cell stack is completely purged, and the pipeline cannot be blocked due to icing of the internal moisture under the severe cold condition.

2. The fuel cell stack, the air and hydrogen discharge pipeline, the cooling fluid circulation pipeline, the water tank and the like are coated with protective heat insulation materials, so that the fuel cell can be kept warm for a long time.

Drawings

The attached drawing is the structure schematic diagram of the utility model.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the anti-freezing device for the engine of the fuel cell electric vehicle comprises a fuel cell stack 3, a hydrogen inlet pipe, a hydrogen discharge pipe 4, a hydrogen tank 8, an air inlet pipe, an air discharge pipe 5, a fan 1, a cooling fluid circulation pipe (not shown) and a water tank (not shown), wherein a pipeline is arranged between the air inlet pipe and the hydrogen inlet pipe for communication, and a normally closed electromagnetic valve 2 is arranged on the pipeline; the hydrogen inlet pipe is provided with a high-pressure hydrogen electromagnetic valve 7 and a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 6, and the high-pressure hydrogen electromagnetic valve 7 and the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 6 are arranged in front of the pipeline of the normally closed electromagnetic valve 2 and close to the outlet end of the hydrogen tank 8; the fuel cell stack 3, the hydrogen inlet pipe, the hydrogen outlet pipe 4, the air inlet pipe, the air outlet pipe 5, the cooling fluid circulating pipe and the water tank are wrapped by heat-insulating rubber materials or glass fibers or heat-insulating plastics.

Will the utility model is used for 50 kw's fuel cell car engine, control system controller closes high-pressure hydrogen solenoid valve 7 before the parking, and open normally closed solenoid valve 2, and control air blower 1 drum advance the air and sweep (the flow reaches 500 liters/minute) air pipeline, the inside hydrogen side of fuel cell and the chute of air side, and sweep hydrogen inlet line and discharge circulation pipeline, no residual water in the above-mentioned pipeline is guaranteed, the start-up operation that the fuel cell engine will be normal when restarting when waiting the next day.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an freeze-proof device of fuel cell electric motor car engine, includes fuel cell stack, hydrogen intake pipe, hydrogen delivery pipe, hydrogen tank, air intake pipe, air delivery pipe, fan, cooling fluid circulation pipe, water tank, its characterized in that, air intake pipe and hydrogen intake pipe between set up a pipeline intercommunication to set up a normally closed solenoid valve on this pipeline.

2. The antifreeze apparatus for fuel cell electric vehicle engine according to claim 1, wherein said hydrogen inlet pipe is provided with a high pressure hydrogen solenoid valve and a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, said high pressure hydrogen solenoid valve and said hydrogen pressure reducing valve being disposed in front of said normally closed solenoid valve conduit near the outlet end of said hydrogen tank.

3. The antifreeze apparatus for fuel cell electric vehicle engineaccording to claim 1, wherein said fuel cell stack, hydrogen inlet pipe, hydrogen outlet pipe, air inlet pipe, air outlet pipe, cooling fluid circulation pipe, and water tank are provided with a layer of heat insulating material on the periphery.