CN1810556A - 在转矩自然平衡状态下的发动机增速控制 - Google Patents
在转矩自然平衡状态下的发动机增速控制 Download PDFInfo
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
- F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
- F02N15/08—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing being of friction type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
- B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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- F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
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Abstract
一种混合式运载工具包括一台具有至少一个气缸的发动机和一台在起动期驱动发动机的电机。有一控制模块监控发动机的转速并在起动期根据转速调节电机所产生的转矩,还有一个具有最大卸载功率的电源可给电机供电。
Description
本发明的领域
本发明涉及混合式运载工具,尤其涉及混合式运载工具的转矩平稳控制系统。
本发明的背景
混合式运载工具是由多种动力装置驱动,其中包括但并不限于一台内燃机和一台电机。该电机可用作发电机或电动机。当用作发电机时,该电机由发动机驱动,以产生用来供给电气负载式充实蓄电池的电能。当用作电动机时,该电机补充该发动机,以提供驱动转矩来驱动该运载工具的驱动系。
混合式运载工具在停止时不需驱动转矩,这时发动机停转。加载运载工具时司机须先按某些方式中的一个方式作准备,这些方式包括压下加速踏板和卸载制动踏板的压力,但并不限于此两项。在加载发动机之前,使电机加速旋转,将发动机驱动到一个合适的怠速。当发动机增速到怠速时,压缩转矩引起转速下降。这会在动力系内引起谐振而能被司机察觉。
本发明概述
因此,本发明提供的混合式运载工具包括一台具有至少一个气缸的发动机和一台在起动阶段驱动该发动机的电机。有一控制模块监控发动机的转速并根据其在加载阶段的转速和给电机供电的蓄电装置最大能卸载的功率调节电机产生的转矩。
就其他特点言,该混合式运载工具还包括一个驾驶员输入装置。控制模块根据驾驶员输入装置确定最大卸载功率。控制模块根据驾驶员输入装置确定加载程序并根据加载程序确定最大卸载功率。加载程序包括一个转矩指令和最大卸载功率。
就其他特点言,驾驶员输入装置包括一个加速踏板。控制模块根据该加速踏板的位置确定加载程序。
就尚有的其他特点言,驾驶员输入装置包括一个制动踏板。控制模块根据该制动踏板的位置及/或在该制动系统内的压力确定起动程序。
就还有另一个特点言,当转速达到阈值时,控制模块根据一个合适的怠速调节转速。
从下面的详细说明可明白本发明另一些可应用的范围。应该知道指出本发明的优选实施例的详细说明和具体范例只是为了阐明本发明的目的而不是要限制本发明的范围。
附图的简要说明
从下面的详细说明和附图中可比较完整地了解本发明。在附图中:
图1为一示范的混合式运载工具的略图。该运载工具采用按照本发明的起动控制系统来操作。
图2为一曲线图示出电机转矩与多个功率级所用转速的关系;
图3为一曲线图示出在运载工具起动时的发动机的转速和电机(EM)的转矩;及
图4为一流程图示出按照本发明的起动控制系统所完成的各个步骤。
优选实施例的详细说明
下面关于优选实施例的说明只是示范性的,决不是要限制本发明的应用或用途。为了清晰起见,在所有附图中相同的标号将被用来辨认相似的元件。本文所用模块一词指一个应用的特定集成电路(ASIC)、一个电子回路、一个执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的处理器(共用、专用、或成组)和存储器、一个综合的逻辑电路、或能提供所说功能的其他合适的构件。
现在参阅图1,示范的混合式运载工具10包括一台发动机12和一台电机14用来驱动传动机构16。更具体点说,电机14用来补充发动机12产生驱动转矩以此来驱动传动机构16。采用这种方式可提供燃料的效率并减少废气的排放。发动机12和电机14通过一个传动带-交流发电机-起动器(BAS)系统18偶联在一起。更具体点说,电机14操作时作为一个起动器(即电动机)和一台交流发电机(即发电机)通过一个传动带和带轮系统被偶联到发动机12上。发动机12和电机14分别包括的带轮20、22被一条传动带24偶联在一起以便旋转。带轮20与发动机12的曲轴26偶联以便旋转。在有一个模式中,发动机12驱动电机14、产生电力用来使电力存储装置(ESD)28重新充电。在另一个模式中,电机14使用来自ESD 28的电力驱动发动机12。ESD 28可包括但并不限于一个蓄电池或一个超级电容器。或者,BAS系统18可用一个飞轮-交流发电机-起动器(FAS)系统替代,后者包括一台电机可操作地设置在发动机和传动机构或链系统或齿轮系统之间,而后者被设置在电机14和曲轴26之间。
传动机构16可包括但并不限于手控传动机构、自动传动机构、连续可变传动机构(CVT)和手控自动或半自动传动机构(AMT)。驱动转矩通过一个联接装置30从发动机曲轴26被转移到传动机构16。联接装置30可包括但并不限于摩擦离合器或转矩转换器,取决于所用传动机构的型式。传动机构16通过多个齿轮比中的一个使驱动转矩倍增以此来驱动驱动轴32。
以本发明的起动控制系统为依据,控制模决34调节运载工具的操作。控制模块34控制燃油的喷射和火花的点燃使发动机12的某些气缸起作用或停止作用。更具体点说,当运载工具10停止时,发动机12没有一个气缸被点火(即都在停止作用状态),此时发动机12被停止。在运载工具起动时(即从停止状态开始增速),电机14驱动曲轴使发动机12加速旋转到一个空转的转速以此开始运载工具的增速。在只需用小的驱动转矩来驱动运载工具的期间,发动机的气缸可不点火,阀门可被停止作用。此时驱动转矩由电机14提供。当停止作用时,供给发动机气缸的燃油和火花都被切断。另外,可阻止进气阀和排气阀的开启和关闭循环以免用气缸来处理空气流。
设有一个加速踏板36。有一加速踏板位置传感器38能探知加速踏板36的位置并产生一个加速踏板位置信号。设有一个制动踏板40。有一制动踏板位置传感器42能探知制动踏板40的位置并产生一个制动踏板位置信号。控制模块34根据制动踏板位置信号操作制动系统43,高速制动系统内的压力,从而调节制动器(未示出)的制动力。有一转速传感器44能探知电机14的转速(RPMEM)而产生一个转速信号。控制模块34根据踏板位置传感器38、42产生的踏板位置信号和转速传感器44产生的转速信号就可操作运载工具10,这将在后面进一步详述。根据转速信号可以确定发动机的转速(RPMENG)。更具体点说,可将RPMEM乘以已知的带轮比率便可得出RPMENG。
当停止时,供给发动机12气缸的燃油和火花(即点燃)都被切断。运载工具的起动要根据司机的输入才能开始。例如运载工具的起动可由司机压下加速踏板36或卸载制动踏板40的压力开始。这两种动作中的每一种都表明司机要起动运载工具的意愿。本发明的运载工具起动控制系统能在发动机12点火(即驱动)前,用电机14使发动机12加速旋转到一个合适的怠速。
运载工具起动控制系统根据司机开始起动运载工具所采用的方式确定起动程序。该起动程序限定操作电机14使发动机12增速旋转到所需怠速的各项参数。例如司机压下加速踏板来开始起动表明他要一个急进的起动,这时所选的起动程序须能快速使发动机增速旋转。当司机卸载制动踏板的压力来开始起动运载工具时表明他要一个从容的起动,这时所选的起动程序须能较慢地使发动机加速旋转。还可预见到起动程序也可根据制动系统43内的压力来确定。并可备有多个另外的起动程序以便用来处理其他情况例如司机可在维持制动踏板上压力的条件下压下加速踏板。
在一惯用的程序中,起动控制系统能被动地使转矩平稳。较具体点说,起动控制系统根据驾驶员的输入确定一个合适的起动程序。起动程序限定的各种操作参数包括但并不限于:操作模式、转矩指令、转矩转换速率、最大卸载功率(PMAX)和最小蓄电池电压(VMIN)。操作模式包括转矩控制模式和转速控制模式。转矩控制模式就是控制模块34根据转矩而不是根据转速来调节电机14的操作。转矩指令是设定一个转矩值,该值高于该系统所能产生的值或者高于被该系统实际约束条件(如承受载荷)限定的某一高值。转矩转换速率的定义为发生转矩改变的速率(如Nm/sec)。PMAX为从ESD 28释出用来驱动电机14的最大功率而VMIN为ESD 28允许达到的最小电压。
转矩指令被有意地设定得比能达到的数值高为的是根据VMIN和PMAX限制电机14的转矩输出。起动程序根据驾驶员的输入而变化。更具体点说,PMAX根据起动所需的紧迫性而变。例如对于一个较紧迫的运载工具起动,PMAX应比不紧迫的起动高。
一旦选定起动程序,控制模块34就可驱动电机14,再由电机驱动发动机12。当发动机12和电机14的转速增加时,就会达到一个点,在该点上气缸内的空气被压缩会使转速放慢。在检测到转速减小时,起动控制系统会增加电机14产生的转矩以此来阻止不希望有的转速降低和动力系谐振。在达到所需的转速后,起动控制系统会从转矩控制模式切换到转速控制模式,其时电机14的转速能使发动机的转速随着燃油的喷射而略有增加,从而温和地提升。
如同图2中的曲线图所示,对于一个任意高设定而给定的PMAX和转矩指令来说,电机14能够产生较大的转矩。较具体点说,对于一个给定的PMAX,产生转矩的能力会随着RPMEM的增加而减小。而且,转矩包络线在PMAX增加时较大,但并不是所有的RPMEM都如此。例如根据图2的范例值,当RPMEM小于约400RPM时由于系统已饱和,提取比6KW大的蓄电池功率就没有好处。但在400RPM以上,增加PMAX能产生较大的机械输出。
现在参阅图3,其中给出示范起动时电机的转速和转矩的示范值。示范运载工具的机械谐振发生在约300RPM时。因此,起动控制系统的作用就是要尽可能快地通过200-400RPM的区域。在这区域内时,电机的转矩自然会提高,这样来减少由压缩冲程转矩产生的转速RPM的不下陷。这是因为对于一个给定的卸载功率,在RPM下陷时电机能提供较大的转矩。假定目标发动机的怠速为700RPM,一旦发动机到达约600RPM时,操作模式就可设定到转速控制模式。控制发动机转速的电机转速的范围可从600到670RPM。按照这种方式,由电机引起的蠕动与添注燃油或气缸内增加驱动(例如添注燃油的蠕动和加速器轻施)两种模式可较无缝地融合在一起。
初始PMAX并不需要设定为最大的功率输出(例如>6KW)。按照这种方式,当发动机12从0加速到RPM的一个定值时,运载工具的急跳可被抑制。转矩还必须平稳地从压缩转矩平稳阶段过渡到恒定转速阶段(例如在图3中约为250ms)。按照这种方式,当发动机12停止加速时,运载工具的急跳可被抑制。另外,发动机曲轴26的位置可设置得比发动机开始加速旋转还要超前以资减小加速发动机12所需转矩。
功率指令校正数为发动机冷却剂温度的函数,可用表列出。如果在一预定时间之后不能观察到某一发动机的RPM(例如“曲柄粘住”的情况),那么起动控制系统还可用来提高PMAX。动力系装置的调谐也会影响PMAX的校正。最好确保其余压缩冲程的拍打频率(图3中的150-250ms)能切合实际地远离动力系装置的自然节律频率(natural pitehmode frequency)。同样的概念也适用于附属驱动机构的调谐。
在另一个惯用的程序中,起动控制系统是根据负值的电机RPM导数的不同增益来调节电机14的。在这情况下,每一个起动程序限定的操作参数包括但并不限于:操作模式、转矩转换速率、第一正值范围的最大卸载功率(PMAXPOS1)、第二正值范围的最大卸载功率(PMAXPOS2)、负值范围的最大卸载功率(PMAXNEG)和最小蓄电池电压(VMIN)。例如当转速在500RPM以下进行正加速时,PMAXPOS1可被设定为5.7KW。当转速大于或等于500RPM、进行正加速时,PMAXPOS2可被设定为6.5KW。当在大于500RPM的转速或在加速旋转后经过大于或等于100ms达到的任何转速进行零或负加速时,PMAXNEG可被设定为7.5KW。应该知道,这些值就性质而言只是示范性的。
控制模决34监控电机14的转速和加速并能对正和负的电动机加速设定分开的PMAX值。与上述第一惯用程序相似,电机功率作为RPM的函数被分开选定。初始功率被这样校正使曲轴26能从停止状态迅速加速而不摇动动力系。较高转速的功率被这样校正使曲轴能迅速加速通过动力系产生谐振的转速。这个可替代的惯用程序的优点是在压缩冲程发生转速下降而提高电动机的功率时同时有一个传统等级的功率在反方向上作用着。这个起动控制系统的其余功能与在上面详细说明过的第一惯用程序相似。
现在参阅图4,下面详述本发明的起动控制系统所执行的一般步骤:在步骤100,控制系统确定是否开始起动。如上曾详细说明,起动是根据司机的输入开始的。如果控制系统确定不开始起动,控制环就返回。如果控制系统确定开始起动,它就根据步骤102内司机的输入确定起动程序(SS)。在步骤104,控制系统根据起动程序发出起动指令(即操作模式、转矩转换速率、PMAX等)。控制系统在步骤106根据起动指令操作电机并在步骤108根据RPM调节电机转矩、转矩转换速率和ESD卸载的功率。在步骤110,控制系统确定RPM是否大于或等于一个RPM限界值(RPMTHRESH)。如果RPM不大于或等于RPMTHRESH,控制环就返回到步骤106。如果RPM大于或等于RPMTHRESH,控制系统就在步骤112开始怠速控制并终止起动控制。
本发明的起动控制系统对于一个任意高的转矩要求,使用转矩转速速率和PMAX作为控制变数来控制电机的转矩。PMAX可根据电机的RPM及/或根据RPM的导数来改变。起动控制系统根据一个电动机RPM限界值从转矩控制模式过渡到转速控制模式。
本行业的行家从上面的说明中可以知道本发明的广泛内容能以多种形式实行。因此虽然本发明结合其具体实例作了说明,但本发明的实际范围应不以此为限,因为熟练的实业家在研究附图、说明和下面的权利要求书后,显然是能作出其他修改的。
Claims (28)
1.一种混合式运载工具,包括:
一台具有至少一个气缸的发动机;
一台在起动期驱动所说发动机的电机;及
一个监控所说发动机转速的控制模块,该模块根据所说转速和在所说起动期能供给所说电机的最大卸载功率来调节由所说电机产生的转矩。
2.权利要求1的混合式运载工具,其特征在于,还包括一个驾驶员输入装置,其中所说控制模块根据所说驾驶员输入装置确定所说最大卸载功率。
3.权利要求2的混合式运载工具,其特征在于,所说控制模块根据所说驾驶员输入装置确定起动程序,并根据所说起动程序确定所说最大功率。
4.权利要求3的混合式运载工具,其特征在于,所说起动程序包含一个转矩指令和所说最大释出功率指令。
5.权利要求4的混合式运载工具,其特征在于,所说起动程序还包含一个转矩转换速率指令。
6.权利要求2的混合式运载工具,其特征在于,所说驾驶员输入装置包含一个加速踏板。
7.权利要求6的混合式运载工具,其特征在于,所说控制模块根据所说加速踏板的位置确定起动程序。
8.权利要求2的混合式运载工具,其特征在于,所说驾驶员输入装置包含一个制动踏板。
9.权利要求8的混合式运载工具,其特征在于,所说控制模块根据所说制动踏板的位置确定起动程序。
10.权利要求2的混合式运载工具,其特征在于,所说控制模块根据制动系统内的压力确定所说起动程序。
11.权利要求1的混合式运载工具,其特征在于,当所说转速达到一个转速阈值时所说控制模块根据所需的怠速调节所说转速。
12.一种从停止状态起动混合式运载工具的方法,包括:
用驾驶员输入装置监控驾驶员输入;
根据所说驾驶员输入确定起动程序;
根据所说起动程序确定最大卸载功率;及
在起动期根据所说最大卸载功率和所说发动机转速调节由电机产生的转矩来驱动发动机。
13.权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,所说驾驶员输入装置包含一个加速踏板,所说起动程序是根据所说加速踏板的位置来确定的。
14.权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,所说驾驶员输入装置包含一个制动踏板,所说起动程序是根据所说制动踏板的位置来确定的。
15.权利要求14的方法,其特征在于,所说起动程序是根据制动系统内的压力来确定的。
16.权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,还包括当所说转速达到一个转速阈值时根据所需的怠速来调节所说转速。
17.权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,所说最大卸载功率是根据所说电机的转速用所说起动程序确定的。
18.权利要求17的方法,其特征在于,所说最大卸载功率是根据所说转速变化率用所说起动程序来确定的。
19.权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,还包括在所说发动机达到怠速后对所说发动机气缸加载。
20.一种在起动期使混合式运载工具的发动机加速旋转到怠速的方法,包括:
确定一个包括最大卸载功率的起动程序;及
在所说起动期根据所说最大卸载功率和所说发动机的转速调节由电机所产生的转矩来驱动所说发动机。
21.权利要求20的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
监控来自驾驶员输入装置的驾驶员输入;及
根据所说驾驶员驶入确定所说起动程序。
22.权利要求21的方法,其特征在于,所说驾驶员输入装置包含一个加速踏板,而所说起动程序是根据所说加速踏板的位置确定的。
23.权利要求21的方法,其特征在于,所说驾驶员输入装置包含一个制动踏板,而所说起动程序是根据所说制动踏板的位置确定的。
24.权利要求23的方法,其特征在于,所说起动程序是根据制动系统内的压力确定的。
25.权利要求20的方法,其特征在于,还包括当所说转速达到一个转速阈值时根据所需的怠速来调节所说转速。
26.权利要求20的方法,其特征在于,所说最大卸载功率是根据所说电机的转速用所说起动程序确定的。
27.权利要求26的方法,其特征在于,所说最大卸载功率是根据所说转速的变化率用所说起动程序来确定的。
28.权利要求20的方法,其特征在于,还包括在所说发动机达到怠速后对所说发动机气缸加载。
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CN102529947A (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种混合动力系统的控制方法 |
CN102529947B (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2015-06-17 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种混合动力系统的控制方法 |
CN108291520A (zh) * | 2015-12-02 | 2018-07-17 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 用于在机动车的驱动系中起动内燃机的电机的扭矩控制 |
CN108291520B (zh) * | 2015-12-02 | 2021-02-02 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 用于在机动车的驱动系中起动内燃机的电机的扭矩控制 |
CN107444388A (zh) * | 2016-04-21 | 2017-12-08 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 用于车辆的控制装置 |
CN107444388B (zh) * | 2016-04-21 | 2020-02-28 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 用于车辆的控制装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102006003592A1 (de) | 2006-08-24 |
US20060166783A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
US7220217B2 (en) | 2007-05-22 |
CN1810556B (zh) | 2010-06-09 |
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