CN114165340A - 带传动起动发电机辅助的发动机停机 - Google Patents

带传动起动发电机辅助的发动机停机 Download PDF

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CN114165340A
CN114165340A CN202111067885.3A CN202111067885A CN114165340A CN 114165340 A CN114165340 A CN 114165340A CN 202111067885 A CN202111067885 A CN 202111067885A CN 114165340 A CN114165340 A CN 114165340A
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engine
bisg
vehicle
initial magnitude
crankshaft
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T·勒罗伊
N·D·克里斯普
W·库巴
J·J·霍尔
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0859—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines specially adapted to the type of the starter motor or integrated into it
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D17/00—Controlling engines by cutting out individual cylinders; Rendering engines inoperative or idling
    • F02D17/04—Controlling engines by cutting out individual cylinders; Rendering engines inoperative or idling rendering engines inoperative or idling, e.g. caused by abnormal conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B61/00—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing
    • F02B61/04—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing for driving propellers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • F02B63/042—Rotating electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0215—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with elements of the transmission
    • F02D41/022—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with elements of the transmission in relation with the clutch status
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/042—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for stopping the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0818—Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
    • F02N11/0822—Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode related to action of the driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0862—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
    • F02N2200/023—Engine temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02N2200/04—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the starter motor
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/10—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control output, i.e. means or parameters used as a control output or target
    • F02N2300/104—Control of the starter motor torque
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

本公开提供了“带传动起动发电机辅助的发动机停机”。一种车辆包括：发动机，其包括曲轴；电池；带传动起动发电机(BISG)，其机械地联接到所述曲轴，并且被配置为从所述发动机的运动产生电力以给所述电池充电；以及控制器，其被配置为操作所述BISG以将负载施加到所述曲轴，从而使所述发动机减速并且捕获电力以存储在所述电池中，其中所述负载的初始量值与所述发动机的温度成比例，响应于所述BISG或发动机的转速达到预定的非零阈值，从所述曲轴移除所述负载，并且使所述发动机停止。

Description

带传动起动发电机辅助的发动机停机
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及一种用于使车辆发动机停机的车辆系统。
背景技术
现代内燃发动机具有低内摩擦以提供改善的燃料经济性和减少的部件磨损。另外，许多发动机装有飞轮(诸如双质量飞轮)，用于空转转速稳定性和车辆启动稳健性。低内摩擦和飞轮可能会降低发动机停机速度。一些车辆设置有发动机停止/起动特征，所述发动机停止/起动特征被配置为频繁使发动机停机。在停机过程期间，发动机转速从空转转速或更高降低到零转每分钟(RPM)，通过发动机机械共振(通常是低频)。
发明内容
在本公开的一个或多个说明性实施例中，一种车辆包括：发动机，其包括曲轴；电池；带传动起动发电机(BISG)，其机械地联接到曲轴，并且被配置为从发动机的运动产生电力以给电池充电；以及控制器，其被配置为操作所述BISG以将负载施加到所述曲轴，从而使所述发动机减速并且捕获电力以存储在所述电池中，其中所述负载的初始量值与所述发动机的温度成比例，响应于所述BISG或发动机的转速达到预定的非零阈值，从所述曲轴移除所述负载，并且使所述发动机停止。
在本公开的一个或多个说明性实施例中，一种用于车辆的方法包括：通过控制器，操作BISG向发动机的曲轴施加具有初始量值的负载，以使发动机减速并且捕获电力以存储在电池中，其中初始量值取决于变速器的离合器的状态，使得初始量值对离合器滑动或闭合的响应较小，并且初始量值对离合器断开的响应较大；响应于BISG或发动机的转速达到预定的非零阈值，从曲轴移除负载；以及使发动机停止。
在本公开的一个或多个说明性实施例中，一种车辆包括：发动机，其包括曲轴；电池；带传动起动发电机(BISG)，其机械地联接到曲轴，并且被配置为从发动机的运动产生电力以给电池充电；以及控制器，其被配置为操作BISG向曲轴施加负载，从而使发动机减速并且捕获电力以存储在电池中，其中负载的初始量值与BISG或发动机的转速成比例，并且响应于转速达到预定的非零阈值，从曲轴移除负载。
附图说明
图1示出了轻度混合动力电动车辆的示意图。
图2示出了发动机停止过程的流程图。
图3示出了发动机停止过程的波形图。
具体实施方式
本文中描述了本公开的各实施例。然而，应理解，所公开的实施例仅仅是示例并且其他实施例可以呈现各种和替代形式。附图不一定按比例绘制；一些特征可能被放大或最小化以示出特定部件的细节。因此，本文公开的具体结构细节和功能细节不应解释为限制性的，而仅应解释为用于教导本领域技术人员以各种形式利用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域的普通技术人员将理解，参考附图中的任一附图示出和描述的各个特征可以与一个或多个其他附图中示出的特征组合以产生未明确地示出或描述的实施例。所示特征的组合提供典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，对于特定的应用或实施方式，可能期望与本公开的教导一致的对特征的各种组合和修改。
参考图1，示出了根据本公开的实施例的轻度混合动力电动车辆(MHEV)10的示意图。车辆10包括动力传动系统12。动力传动系统12包括驱动变速器16(例如，多阶梯传动比自动变速器)的发动机14。发动机14可以是以汽油、柴油或天然气等为燃料的内燃发动机。变速器16的输出联接到传动轴18，所述传动轴将扭矩传输到差速器20。差速器20经由轴24将扭矩分配给车轮22。示例性车辆10被示出为后轮驱动，但是在其他实施例中可以是前轮驱动、全轮驱动或四轮驱动。
动力传动系统12还包括相关联的控制器50，诸如动力传动系统控制模块(PCM)。尽管被示出为一个控制器，但控制器50可以是较大控制系统的一部分，并且可由遍及车辆10的各种其他控制器(诸如车辆系统控制器(VSC))来控制。因此，应理解，PCM 50和一个或多个其他控制器可以统称为“控制器”，其响应于来自各种传感器的信号来控制各种致动器，以控制诸如操作发动机14、操作变速器16、操作电机等功能。控制器50可以包括与各种类型的计算机可读存储装置或介质通信的微处理器或中央处理单元(CPU)。计算机可读存储装置或介质可以包括只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)和保活存储器(KAM)中的易失性和非易失性存储装置，例如，KAM是可以用于在CPU断电时存储各种操作变量的持久性或非易失性存储器。计算机可读存储装置或介质可以使用许多已知存储器装置中的任一种来实施，所述存储器装置诸如PROM(可编程只读存储器)、EPROM(电PROM)、EEPROM(电可擦除PROM)、快闪存储器或能够存储数据的任何其他电、磁性、光学或组合存储器装置，所述数据中的一些表示由控制器用于控制发动机或车辆的可执行指令。
控制器50经由输入/输出(I/O)接口(包括输入和输出信道)与各种发动机/车辆传感器和致动器通信，所述输入/输出接口可以被实施为单个集成接口，所述单个集成接口提供各种原始数据或信号调节、处理和/或转换、短路保护等。替代地，可在将特定信号供应给CPU之前使用一个或多个专用硬件或固件芯片来调节和处理所述特定信号。控制器50可以向发动机14、变速器16等传输信号和/或从发动机14、变速器16等传输信号。尽管未明确示出，但是本领域普通技术人员将认识到在上述子系统中的每一个内可由控制器50控制的各种功能或部件。可以使用由控制器50执行的控制逻辑和/或算法直接或间接致动的参数、系统和/或部件的代表性示例包括燃料喷射正时、速率和持续时间、节气门位置、火花塞点火正时(对于火花点火发动机)、进气/排气门正时和持续时间、前端附件驱动(FEAD)部件(诸如交流发电机、空调压缩机)、电池充电或放电(包括确定最大充电和放电极限)、再生制动、电机操作、离合器等。通过I/O接口传送输入的传感器可以用于指示例如涡轮增压器增压压力、曲轴位置、发动机转速(RPM)、车轮、车辆速度、冷却剂温度、进气歧管压力、加速踏板位置、点火开关位置、节气门位置、空气温度、排气氧或其他排气成分浓度或存在、进气流量、变速器挡位、传动比或模式、变速器油温、变速器涡轮转速、变矩器旁通离合器状态、电池温度、电压、电流或荷电状态(SOC)。
车辆10包括BISG 26(有时称为马达/发电机)，所述BISG 26连接到FEAD 28。BISG26通常代替交流发电机。BISG 26是被配置为充当马达和/或发电机的电机。BISG 26可以是三相电动马达。FEAD 28包括张紧构件(例如带30)，所述张紧构件将BISG 26可操作地联接到发动机14的曲轴32。例如，发动机14包括支撑在曲轴32上的相关联的带轮34，并且BISG26包括支撑在BISG 26的轴38上的相关联的带轮36。轴38可以固定到BISG 26的转子，并且可以被称为转子轴。带30绕接在这些带轮上，使得扭矩可以在发动机14与电机26之间传输。一个或多个附件可以包括带轮，总体上示出为带轮40，所述带轮还与带30或第二带接合，所述第二带连接到曲轴32。也就是说，FEAD 28可以包括单个带或多个带。FEAD 28允许附件由发动机14、BISG 26或其组合提供动力。
BISG 26电连接到电池42。电池42可以是高压或低压电池。例如，电池42和BISG 26可以是12V和/或48V电气系统的一部分。BISG 26可以通过电力电子器件(未示出)连接到电池42和其他车辆电气系统。BISG 26可以被配置为在发动机起动事件期间作为马达操作来起动发动机14，或者在车辆操作期间向动力传动系统12提供附加的扭矩。BISG 26还可以被配置为接收来自发动机14的扭矩，并且作为发电机操作，以给电池42再充电并且给车辆10的电气负载供电。BISG 26还可以被配置为执行再生制动。在再生模式下，BISG 26可以从发动机14接收扭矩以降低发动机和车辆速度。控制器50可以被配置为将信号传输到BISG 26，以将BISG 26作为马达或发电机操作。当作为发电机操作时，BISG 26可以被配置为提供电能给电池42充电或者提供电能给车辆附件供电。
车辆10的驾驶员可以使用加速踏板44来提供所需的扭矩、动力或驱动命令(本文称为“驾驶员需求扭矩”)以推进车辆10。通常，压下和释放加速踏板44会生成加速踏板位置信号，所述加速踏板位置信号可以由控制单元50解译以确定驾驶员需求扭矩。车辆10的驾驶员还使用制动踏板46来提供所需的制动扭矩以使车辆10减速。通常，压下和释放制动踏板46会生成制动踏板位置信号，所述制动踏板位置信号可以由控制器50解译为需要减小车辆速度。基于来自加速踏板44和制动踏板46的输入，控制器50命令到发动机14、BISG 26和摩擦制动器48的扭矩。控制器50被编程为在发动机14和BISG 26之间仲裁驾驶员需求扭矩，并且在经由BISG 26的再生制动和摩擦制动器48之间仲裁制动扭矩。
根据车辆10的尺寸和BISG 26的额定功率，车辆10可由发动机14或BISG 26至少以低速推进。例如，车辆10可以包括电动蠕行模式，其中当发动机14关闭时BISG 26推进车辆10。在一个示例中，蠕行是指当制动踏板46和加速踏板44都被释放时车辆10的移动。典型的蠕行速度低于每小时10英里。在其他情况下，发动机14和BISG 26两者都充当驱动源以推进车辆10。发动机14在曲轴32处产生发动机动力，所述发动机动力通过FEAD 28与来自BISG26的动力输出相加。然后，该组合动力通过变速器16和传动系发送到从动轮22。
BISG 26还可以被配置为通过经由FEAD 28向发动机14的曲轴32施加扭矩来辅助发动机14减速和/或停止。发动机停止可由用户经由接口(例如点火钥匙/按钮)向PCM 50的输入手动触发。另外或替代地，发动机停止可由PCM 50响应于一个或多个预定义条件的满足而自动触发。例如，车辆10可以设置有由PCM 50启用的发动机停止/起动特征。一旦检测到一个或多个预定义的发动机停止条件(例如，车辆10在交通中停止)，则PCM 50可以向发动机14发送停止信号，命令发动机14停止以节省燃料并且减少排放。在停止事件期间，发动机14将转速从空转(或更高)转速降低到零。BISG 26可以被配置为通过向发动机14施加负扭矩(负载)来辅助发动机停止事件，以缩短发动机停止时间。缩短发动机停止时间的好处可以包括减少的燃料消耗和排放以及减少的振动以提供改善的用户体验。BISG 26可以被配置为持续施加负扭矩直到发动机14的转速达到零。替代地，BISG 26可以被配置为仅在发动机停止过程的部分时段期间施加负扭矩，并且在发动机转速达到零之前从发动机14移除负扭矩(将在下面详细讨论)。
图2示出了本公开的一个实施例的示例性BISG发动机停止过程200。尽管将参考图1所示的PCM 50作为示例来描述过程200，但是应注意，它不限于此。过程200可以另外或替代地经由其他控制器、装置等来实施。在操作202处，PCM 50检测一个或多个预定义的发动机停机条件。例如，PCM 50可以设置有车辆停止/起动特征，并且被配置为响应于满足一个或多个预定义条件而使车辆发动机14自动停机。作为响应，在操作204处，PCM 50基于各种因素计算具有初始量值的停机扭矩需求，以便于发动机停机。作为示例，PCM 50可以从初始默认扭矩值开始，然后可以根据在操作202检测到的预期停机的特定车辆工况来调整所述初始默认扭矩值。作为几个非限制性示例，初始停机扭矩需求可以取决于包括停机开始时的车辆、发动机或BISG速度、车辆发动机14的温度、变速器16的离合器的状态(例如，闭合、滑动、断开)和/或车辆10的俯仰等因素。可以经由针对特定应用的测试、模拟等来确定这些因素可以增加或减少停机扭矩需求的初始量值的程度。车辆、发动机或BISG速度也可以用于选择初始默认扭矩，然后基于提到的其他因素对其进行调整。也可设想其他场景。
在一个示例中，PCM 50可以被配置为在车辆10在发动机14达到空转转速(例如600-800RPM)之前仍在运动时开始停机。通常，初始停机扭矩需求可以随着停机开始时的车辆速度而增加。另外，当发动机14开始停机时，初始停机扭矩需求可以取决于FEAD 28上的辅助负载。辅助负载可以包括但不限于由FEAD 28驱动的接合的空调(AC)压缩机。通常，初始停机扭矩需求可能随着辅助负载的存在而降低，因为负载可能已经在发动机14上造成拖延/延迟。如上所提到的其他因素也可能影响初始停机扭矩需求。车辆发动机14的温度越高，初始停机扭矩需求越大。正(上坡)俯仰与负(下坡)俯仰相比，可能会导致初始停机扭矩降低。此外，与离合器滑动或闭合时相比，当变速器16的离合器断开时初始停机扭矩可能更大，全部其他情况都相同。
在操作206处，PCM 50计算BISG 26可以输出以辅助发动机停机的可用扭矩。BISG26可以被配置为通过向发动机14施加负载(即负扭矩)来执行再生事件，以辅助减速和/或停机。BISG 26可以设置有默认输出扭矩，可以通过针对可用扭矩输出的各种因素(如上所描述的)来调整所述默认输出扭矩。例如，当执行再生事件时，可以基于电池42的SOC来计算可用扭矩。在电池42充满电并且不能接受由再生事件产生的更多电荷的情况下，来自BISG26的可用扭矩可以降低到可接受的水平以避免对电池42过度充电。可用扭矩还可以取决于其他因素，诸如BISG 26的操作温度、速度、功率、电流和/或电压，以确保可用扭矩输出不会违反对BISG 26、FEAD 28以及车辆10的任何其他相关部件的任何硬件约束。
在操作208处，在计算发动机14的停机扭矩需求和来自BISG 26的可用扭矩的情况下，PCM 50确定可用扭矩是否足以满足停机扭矩需求。如果答案为是，则过程200直接进行到操作212并且PCM 50根据发动机14的需求施加扭矩以辅助发动机停机。在可用扭矩超过扭矩需求的情况下，PCM 50可以被配置为仅向发动机14施加需求扭矩，以便以预先配置的方式辅助停机。如果操作208的答案为否，则过程200前进到操作210并且PCM 50根据可用扭矩调整扭矩需求以准备发动机停机。由于扭矩需求降低，预计发动机停机时间更长。在操作212处，PCM 50可以基于调整后的扭矩需求计算调整后的停机模式，并且将可用扭矩施加到发动机14。
所述系统可以被配置为向发动机14施加扭矩以辅助使发动机14减速直到达到预定义的非零发动机转速。从用户的角度来看，通过在发动机14完全停止之前移除扭矩，还可以减少发动机振动，并且可以更平稳地执行发动机停机。由于用户体验的改善，用户可能不太可能禁用车辆停止/起动特征，这将导致燃料效率和排放的改善。
在操作214处，PCM 50验证发动机14是否已经达到预定RPM，在所述预定RPM下负扭矩将从发动机14移除。如果答案为否，则过程200返回到操作212，并且PCM 50继续向发动机14施加扭矩。在一个实施例中，可以基于来自BISG 26和/或发动机14的一个或多个反馈来动态调整BISG 26施加到发动机14的扭矩。例如，如果在给定时间实际检测到的RPM高于预期的RPM，则PCM 50可以增加BISG 26的负扭矩输出。增加的量可以是预定值(例如，每次增加1Nm)。替代地，增加的量可以以成比例的方式动态地取决于实际RPM和预期RPM之间的差异。类似地，如果实际RPM低于预期RPM，则PCM 50可以以固定或动态的方式减少负扭矩输出。如果操作214的答案为是，则过程200前进到操作216并且PCM 50命令BISG 26停止向发动机14输出扭矩。
参考图3，示出了发动机停止过程的波形图302和304。尽管上图302示出了BISG转速波形306和发动机转速波形308，但是下图304示出了在辅助发动机停止期间对应的BISG扭矩输出波形310。在本示例中，发动机14从空转转速(例如800RPM)停机，并且使用2.8的BISG-发动机传动比(100发动机RPM相当于280BISG RPM)。当发动机14以约800RPM空转时，BISG 26对应地以约2240RPM旋转。在空转事件期间，没有负扭矩从BISG 26输出。发动机停机过程在由虚线312指示的约0.5秒的时间开始。在本示例中，负停机扭矩逐渐增加到-10Nm。当扭矩施加到曲轴32时，发动机转速和BISG转速都快速降低。在减速过程期间，BISG发动机传动比继续大体上对应于2.8设计比。如上面参考图2所讨论的，BISG 26可以被配置为以预定的发动机转速停止向发动机14输出停机扭矩。在本示例中，发动机转速阈值可以被预定义为约130RPM，对于使用2.8x传动比的BISG 26，这约是366RPM。PCM 50可以使用BISG转速或发动机转速来确定是否已经达到阈值。在本示例中，当PCM 50检测到BISG转速接近预定义阈值时，这发生在由虚线314指示的约0.9秒处，BISG逐渐停止输出停机扭矩，直到BISG转速达到366RPM(即发动机转速130RPM)的阈值，当停机扭矩基本上降低到0Nm时，这发生在由虚线316指示的约1秒处。在如此低的速度下，发动机转速可以以较平缓的斜率进一步降低，直到发动机14完全停止。在波形306中注意到，随着BISG 26在约一秒钟时停止输出停机扭矩，BISG RPM在其随着发动机转速最终达到0之前增加。
在发动机停机期间施加的BISG的负扭矩输出可以是BISG转速和/或发动机转速的函数。下表1示出了取决于BISG转速的BISG扭矩输出的示例。
Figure BDA0003259093970000091
表1
如表1所示，发动机停机过程在BISG 26的约2440RPM下开始。继续参考图3，这大体上对应于时间点312。负扭矩在约1220RPM时逐渐增加到约-15Nm，这大体上对应于时间点314，在所述时间点314处BISG 26开始减少负扭矩，直到时间点316对于BISG 26在约366RPM。
在另一个示例中，来自BISG 26的负扭矩输出不仅可以基于BISG转速，而且还可以基于其他因素，诸如发动机冷却剂温度(例如，在较低温度下BISG的负扭矩输出较少，因为在较低温度下发动机14的摩擦较多)。来自BISG 26的负扭矩输出还可以取决于车辆变速器16的状态。这在变速器16是自动变速器(即自动、双离合器变速器等)的情况下尤其适用。作为示例，BISG 26可以被配置为使用离合器的状态(例如滑动、完全断开或闭合)、变速器输入速度、齿轮比等来改变负扭矩。BISG 26可以在离合器闭合或滑动时减少负扭矩，并且在离合器断开时增加负扭矩。BISG 26还可以被配置为基于道路的坡度来调整负扭矩。例如，当车辆10处于正坡度的方向(即上坡)时，BISG 26可以减少负扭矩输出，以使车辆的重力和重量停止发动机14(例如，当变速器离合器滑动或闭合时)。
由一个或多个控制器执行的控制逻辑或功能可由各个附图中的任一者中的流程图或类似图来表示。这些附图提供了可使用一个或多个处理策略(诸如，事件驱动、中断驱动、多任务、多线程等)来实施的代表性控制策略和/或逻辑。因此，示出的各种步骤或功能可按示出的序列执行、并行地执行，或者在一些情况下被省略。尽管没有总是明确示出，但是本领域普通技术人员将认识到，根据所使用的特定处理策略，可重复执行示出的步骤或功能中的一个或多个。类似地，处理次序不一定是实现本文所描述的特征和优点所必需的，而是为了便于说明和描述而提供的。
本文所公开的过程、方法或算法可以能够输送到处理装置、控制器或计算机/由其实施，所述处理装置、控制器或计算机可包括任何现有的可编程电子控制单元或专用电子控制单元。类似地，所述过程、方法或算法可以作为可由控制器或计算机以许多形式执行的数据和指令来存储，所述形式包括但不限于：永久存储在不可写存储介质(诸如只读存储器(ROM)装置)上的信息以及可变更地存储在可写存储介质(诸如软盘、磁带、光盘(CD)、随机存取存储器(RAM)装置以及其他磁性和光学介质)上的信息。所述过程、方法或算法也可以以软件可执行对象来实施。替代地，可以使用合适的硬件部件或者硬件、软件和固件部件的组合全部或部分地实施所述过程、方法或算法，所述硬件部件诸如专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、状态机、控制器或其他硬件部件或装置。
尽管上文描述了示例性实施例，但这些实施例并不意图描述权利要求所涵盖的所有可能形式。在说明书中使用的词语是描述词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解，在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下，可以做出各种改变。如先前所述，各种实施例的特征可以组合以形成可能未明确描述或示出的本发明的另外的实施例。尽管各个实施例就一个或多个期望的特性而言可能已经被描述为提供优点或优于其他实施例或现有技术实施方式，但本领域普通技术人员应认识到，可以折衷一个或多个特征或特性来实现期望的整体系统属性，这取决于具体应用和实施方式。这些属性可以包括但不限于成本、强度、耐久性、生命周期成本、可销售性、外观、包装、大小、可维护性、重量、可制造性、易组装性等。因此，就一个或多个特性而言被描述为不如其他实施例或现有技术实施方式期望的实施例不在本公开的范围外，并且对于特定应用可为期望的。
根据本发明的一个实施例，初始量值还与车辆的俯仰成反比。

Claims (15)

1.一种车辆，其包括：
发动机，其包括曲轴；
电池；
带传动起动发电机(BISG)，其机械地联接到所述曲轴，并且被配置为从所述发动机的运动产生电力以给所述电池充电；以及
控制器，其被配置为
操作所述BISG以向所述曲轴施加负载，从而使所述发动机减速并且捕获电力以存储在所述电池中，其中所述负载的初始量值与所述发动机的温度成比例，
响应于所述BISG或发动机的转速达到预定的非零阈值，从所述曲轴移除所述负载；以及
使所述发动机停止。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述车辆还包括具有离合器的变速器，并且其中所述初始量值还取决于所述离合器的状态，使得所述初始量值对所述离合器滑动的响应较小，并且所述初始量值对所述离合器断开的响应较大。
3.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述车辆还包括具有离合器的变速器，并且其中所述初始量值还取决于所述离合器的状态，使得所述初始量值对所述离合器闭合的响应较小，并且所述初始量值对所述离合器断开的响应较大。
4.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述初始量值还与所述车辆的俯仰成反比。
5.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述初始量值还与所述BISG或发动机的所述转速成比例。
6.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述初始量值还取决于机械地联接到所述曲轴的辅助负载的存在或不存在，使得所述初始量值对所述辅助负载的所述存在的响应较小，并且所述初始量值对所述辅助负载的所述不存在的响应较大。
7.一种用于车辆的方法，其包括：
通过控制器，
操作BISG向发动机的曲轴施加具有初始量值的负载，以使所述发动机减速并且捕获电力以存储在电池中，其中所述初始量值取决于变速器的离合器的状态，使得所述初始量值对所述离合器滑动或闭合的响应较小，并且所述初始量值对所述离合器断开的响应较大，
响应于所述BISG或发动机的转速达到预定的非零阈值，从所述曲轴移除所述负载；以及
使所述发动机停止。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述初始量值还与所述发动机的温度成比例。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述初始量值还与所述车辆的俯仰成反比。
10.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述初始量值还与所述BISG或发动机的所述转速成比例。
11.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述初始量值还取决于机械地联接到所述曲轴的辅助负载的存在或不存在，使得所述初始量值对所述辅助负载的所述存在的响应较小，并且所述初始量值对所述辅助负载的所述不存在的响应较大。
12.一种车辆，其包括：
发动机，其包括曲轴；
电池；
带传动起动发电机(BISG)，其机械地联接到所述曲轴，并且被配置为从所述发动机的运动产生电力以给所述电池充电；以及
控制器，其被配置为
操作所述BISG以向所述曲轴施加负载，从而使所述发动机减速并且捕获电力以存储在所述电池中，其中所述负载的初始量值与所述BISG或发动机的转速成比例；以及
响应于所述转速达到预定的非零阈值，从所述曲轴移除所述负载。
13.如权利要求12所述的车辆，其中所述车辆还包括具有离合器的变速器，并且其中所述初始量值还取决于所述离合器的状态，使得所述初始量值对所述离合器滑动或闭合的响应较小，并且所述初始量值对所述离合器断开的响应较大。
14.如权利要求12所述的车辆，其中所述初始量值还与所述车辆的俯仰成反比。
15.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述初始量值还与所述发动机的温度成比例。
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