CN1809781A - 包含层叠透射和电致发光显示元件的显示器件 - Google Patents

包含层叠透射和电致发光显示元件的显示器件 Download PDF

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CN1809781A
CN1809781A CNA02824222XA CN02824222A CN1809781A CN 1809781 A CN1809781 A CN 1809781A CN A02824222X A CNA02824222X A CN A02824222XA CN 02824222 A CN02824222 A CN 02824222A CN 1809781 A CN1809781 A CN 1809781A
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electrode
pixel
display
display element
signal
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N·D·杨
M·T·约瀚逊
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Abstract

一种显示器件(10)包括显示像素阵列,每个像素包括第一和第二显示元件(12,14)。第一元件(12)在至少两种透射状态之间可驱动,例如LC单元。第一显示元件(12)覆盖在是电致发光显示元件的第二显示元件(14)上。当环境光条件充足时能使用第一显示元件(12),并且当光条件不充足时能够使用电致发光(EL)元件。通过提供彼此之上的显示元件,不削弱各自的分辨率。当使用下方的EL元件时第一显示元件(12)能被驱动为透明状态。

Description

包含层叠透射和电致发光显示元件的显示器件
本发明涉及显示器件,更具体地涉及反射像素化显示器件。
反射有源矩阵显示器是众所周知的,并且已知道有不同类型的反射显示器。早期的设计基本上使用在一侧配置有反射器的透射显示器。从而,偏振器设置在LC材料的两侧。这些提供了不良的图象品质,并且优选的配置使用单个线性偏振器以在液晶层输入处使光偏振。在通过液晶层改变偏振的状态后,在反射从而第二次穿过材料之前,光线传到LC材料下方的滤色层。
还已知使用圆偏振器的反射显示器。这需要偏振器和四分之一波片的更复杂的配置。
反射显示器具有低功耗的显著优势,但自然仅能当有足够的环境光线时它们才能被观看。解决这个问题的一种方法是提供一种用于在黑暗条件中工作的前或背光。这种光照形式引起恶化的图象品质并且增加了功耗。具体地,前光照能影响显示图象的对比度和亮度,尤其是当显示用于其反射模式中时。
采用电致发光、光发射、显示元件的矩阵显示器件也是众所周知的。显示元件可以包括有机薄膜电致发光元件,例如使用有机材料,或者是使用传统的III-V半导体化合物的发光二极管(LED)。近来关于有机电致发光材料、尤其是聚合物材料的研究展示出它们能够实际用于视频显示器件的能力。这些材料典型地包括夹在一对电极之间的一层或多层半导电共轭聚合物,其中一个电极是透明的,另一个电极是适合于注入空穴或电子到聚合物层的材料。D.Braun和A.J.Heeger在Applied Physics Letters 58(18)p.p.1982-1984(1991年5月6日)的著作中介绍了这样的一个例子。
使用PVD工艺可以制造有机材料,通过使用可溶共轭聚合物的溶液的旋涂技术、或通过例如喷墨印刷的印刷技术。
有机电致发光材料显示出类似二极管的I-V特性,使得它们既能提供显示功能又能够提供切换功能,并因此能用于无源型显示器中。可选择地,这些材料可以用于有源矩阵显示器件,每个像素含有显示元件和用于控制流过显示元件的电流的切换器件。
这些器件具有比反射LC更高的功耗,并因此不能有效地用于环境光条件良好的时候。
根据本发明的第一方案,提供一种显示器件,包括显示像素阵列,每个像素包括在至少两种透射状态之间可驱动的第一显示元件,第一显示元件覆盖在电致发光显示元件上。
这种配置能够当环境光条件充足时使用第一显示元件,并且能够当光条件不充足时使用电致发光(EL)元件。通过在EL元件上提供第一显示元件,不削弱各自的分辨率。然后当使用EL元件时第一显示元件能被驱动为透明状态。
电致发光显示元件可以包括夹在两个电极之间的有机材料(例如聚合物),并且材料包括在所有电致发光显示元件之间共享的一层,将该层进行颜色构图使得不同的电致发光显示元件具有不同的颜色。
以这种方式,第一显示元件可以是灰度等级显示元件,并且用EL元件提供颜色过滤,以便在两种类型的显示器件之间共享颜色过滤操作。
第一显示器件可以采取多种形式,使它能被驱动成透明状态以允许EL显示元件的工作。例如,第一显示元件可以包括电泳、电浸润、电变色或相变材料显示元件。
在优选的实施例中,第一显示元件包括液晶元件。这可以采取IPS(面内切换)显示元件的形式,IPS显示元件具有两个或多个互锁电极的平面电极结构。则EL显示元件的电极之一能包括该平面电极结构。
在可选择的方案中,液晶显示元件包括夹在透射的第一和第二电极之间的液晶材料,以及电致发光显示元件包括夹在第三和第四电极之间的有机材料,第二和第三电极位于液晶显示元件和电致发光显示元件的接合处。这些第二和第三电极优选由透明的ITO形成。
单一的共享层可以限定第二和第三电极,使得在EL和LC元件之间共享控制信号之一。可选择地,它们可以分离并可以在它们之间具有基本上透明的绝缘(介电)层。这使对LC和EL元件的驱动电压是独立的。
第四电极优选是不透明导电层,例如金属层,并且用作LC元件的反射表面。以这种方式,EL元件的电极之一具有双重功能,还用作LC元件的反射板。
每个像素可以包括在第一和第二模式中工作的像素驱动电路,其中在第一模式中第一显示元件关闭,从而使第一显示元件呈现为透明并且电致发光显示元件得到控制,以及在第二模式中电致发光显示元件关闭并其第一显示元件得到控制。
如上所述,当LC元件关闭时,LC元件的透明度允许EL元件工作,并且当EL元件关闭时EL元件能用作用于LC像素的滤色器。
还可以提供第一显示元件和EL元件都工作的第三模式,以便为了辨认显示提供额外的光。EL像素可以用恒定强度接通并用作背光。
像素驱动电路可以包括:
第一连接,将第一电极连接到参考电压;
地址晶体管,用于对像素寻址,从而允许数据信号传递到像素的其余部分;以及
模式选择部分,在第一模式中模式选择部分将第二电极连接到固定的电位并且将输入信号耦合到第四电极,以及在第二模式中模式选择部分将输入信号耦合到第二电极并使第四电极与输入信号隔离。
在第一模式中,在LC单元中的电极都接地,并且数据信号驱动EL显示。在第二模式中,输入信号与EL驱动电极(第四电极)隔离并且在第二电极上控制LC元件。
模式选择部分可以在第三模式中同时将电极连接到各自的输入信号。
每个像素驱动电路还可以包括由数据信号驱动的电流源,并且其中模式选择部分包括耦合在第二电极和固定电位之间的第一晶体管、耦合在地址晶体管和第二电极之间的第二晶体管以及耦合在电流源和第四电极之间的第三晶体管,其中在第一模式中第一和第三晶体管导通而第二晶体管关闭,而在第二模式中第一和第三晶体管关闭而第二晶体管导通。
这样提供了EL显示元件的所需电流寻址。在第三模式中,所有晶体管都导通。
在可选择的驱动电路中,提供有:
第一连接,将第一电极连接到参考电压;
地址晶体管,用于对像素寻址从而允许数据信号传递到像素的其余部分;
电流源,用于将数据信号转换成电流并且将电流施加到第二和第三电极;
其中对于在第一范围内的数据信号,电流被用于对电致发光元件寻址,对于在第二范围内的数据信号,电压施加到第四端以关闭电致发光元件并且电流被用于对液晶元件寻址。
这种配置使用对EL和LC元件的电流寻址并能给出简化的电路。
现在参考附图通过示例方式介绍按照发明的显示器件的实施例,其中:
图1示出了本发明的显示器件的结构;
图2以简化形式示出了图1的显示器件中像素电路的第一个例子的等效电路;
图3以简化形式示出了像素电路的第二个例子的等效电路;
图4以简化形式示出了像素电路的第三个例子的等效电路;
图5示出了液晶显示元件的可选择类型;以及
图6示出了使用图5的LC元件的组合显示器。
本发明提供一种第一显示元件与EL显示元件的组合,以提供各种有益效果。下面介绍反射LC显示元件覆盖在有机EL显示元件之上的一个具体的例子。存在可以用作第一显示元件的其他类型的显示元件,并且这将在具体的例子后详细描述。
图1示出了本发明的显示器件的结构。显示器件10包括由多层结构限定的像素阵列。每个像素包括反射液晶(LC)显示元件12和电致发光(EL)显示元件14。如图1所示,LC元件包括夹在第一和第二电极18、20之间的液晶材料16。在玻璃基板22的一侧上设置该LC叠层16、18、20,在基板22的相反侧上设置偏振器24。这些层限定了已知的反射LC显示结构,并且在第二电极20的下方需要附加的反射层。如箭头26所表示的,从上方观察显示像素。除偏振器24以外,为了抗反射、散射、LC补偿或颜色校正还可以应用其它膜。
EL显示元件14包括夹在第三和第四电极32、34之间的有机材料30,在优选例子中是聚合物层。第二和第三电极20、32可以定义为单一的导电层,如图1所示,或它们可以单独地形成。在每种情况中,第二和第三电极20、32限定反射LC元件12和EL元件14之间的接合。
设置EL显示元件以向上发射光,如用箭头36所表示的。为了这个目的,顶部电极(第三电极32)要求是透明的,并因此由ITO形成。邻近LC材料16的电极18、20也是透明的,并再次优选由ITO形成。第四电极34是金属不透明层,并且如本领域的技术人员所公知的,EL元件的工作要求该电极是低功函数材料并具有高反射率。
在玻璃基板38的一侧上设置EL显示元件14的层30、32、34,并如本领域的技术人员所公知的,显示元件具有类似二极管的电特性。
通过在单一显示器件内提供EL和LC显示元件,当环境光条件充足时能够受益于反射显示器的低功耗,但当光条件不良时仍提供使用EL显示元件的显示功能。图1的具体结构提供了涉及显示图象品质的各种优势,以及将制造组合显示器件的成本减到最少。
如上所述,反射LC显示元件需要在LC叠层16、18、20下方的反射表面。在图1的结构中,通过第四电极34提供该反射表面,其因此形成了部分LC和EL元件结构。当在LC模式中驱动显示器时,使用第一和第二电极18、20调节LC材料,并且金属第四电极34被偏置以关闭EL元件。考虑到EL显示元件的类似二极管的电特性,通过保证跨越EL元件的反相偏置能取得该结果。
另外,可以使用EL聚合物层30作为用于LC显示元件12的滤色层。具体地,为了实现彩色EL显示,对有机层30构图以提供着色像素化的结构。使用不同的聚合物、或者通过例如用印刷技术染色单一聚合物层可以实现这种着色。对于有机LED器件,存在用于限定不同颜色像素的公知技术,例如荫罩板蒸发或喷墨印刷。
在每种情况中,当EL显示元件关闭时,着色构图的聚合物层30用作透射过滤层。以这种方式,聚合物层30既能用作LC显示元件的过滤层也能提供用于EL元件的电致发光。
在图1的结构中,LC材料层16和聚合物材料层30设置为跨越显示区的连续层。如常规地,用像素地址电路阵列限定显示器的像素化结构。对图1所示的结构进行寻址有各种不同的方法,下面将讨论多种不同的可能选择的方案。
在下面设想的每个方案中,LC显示像素借助于第二电极20独立地可寻址。从而,在每种情况中,在所有像素、或至少大量像素之间共享第一电极18,而对第二电极20构图以限定对于每个LC显示像素独立可寻址的像素电极。还能使用第二电极层的这种像素化以能够使独立的EL驱动信号施加于不同的像素,尽管它另外还有利于像素化金属第四电板34。
由于向上发射光(箭头36),所以能在第四电极34的下方形成像素驱动电路的部件,而不干扰光的通道。然后将使用所需要的通路实现从像素电路到由金属第四电极34和/或第二和第三电极20、32限定该的单独电极的所需要的连接。
图2示出了第一像素电路,其中尽可能使LC元件和EL元件的驱动保持分离。这样能实现LC显示元件的电压寻址和EL显示元件的电流寻址。
在图2的电路中,用于显示器所有像素的第一LC电极18连接至地40。第二和第三电极20、32定义为单一层,并且对该层构图以限定对于每个像素的单独电极。图2的电路提供用于显示器的每个像素,并且如上所述在第四电极34的下方设置在图2的电路中的部件。电路基本上包括多个晶体管和电容器,并且它们设置成由玻璃基板38上方的多层结构限定的薄膜部件。
像素按行和列设置,每行像素共享一列行地址线42,并且每列像素共享一公共数据信号线44。通过在地址线42上提供合适的行脉冲,地址晶体管T1导通以允许数据信号从数据信号线44传递到像素电路的其余部分。于是能以两种方式使用数据信号。数据信号的第一种用途是通过施加电压给电流源晶体管T2的栅极来驱动电流源,该栅极电压取决于数据信号电平。通过存储电容器C保持栅极上的电压。所产生的流经电流源晶体管T2电流通过隔离晶体管T4提供到第四电极34。在第二种模式中,数据信号线44上的电压提供给第二电极20,以便将LC显示元件驱动至所需要的电压。
为了在这两种模式中控制驱动电路的工作,提供模式选择部分46。该模式选择部分46包括第三晶体管T3,其允许或阻止数据信号从寻址晶体管T1提供给第二电极20。第四晶体管、隔离晶体管T4允许或阻止电流源晶体管T2的输出提供给EL显示元件14,并且第五晶体管T5选择地将第三电极32耦合到下一行像素的寻址线42a。
通过模式选择线48控制模式选择部分46。在第一模式中,晶体管T5导通使得第二电极20耦合到地址线42a。由于下一行像素当前未被寻址,因此在地址线42a上为零伏特,使得晶体管T5的工作要将与第一电极18上出现的相同电压施加到第二电极20上。以这种方式,LC单元关闭并且是透明的。第三晶体管T3关闭,从而使在寻址晶体管T1的输出处的数据信号与LC显示元件隔离。隔离晶体管T4导通,使得电流源晶体管T2提供的电流施加到第四电极34,以便驱动EL显示元件。
在第二模式中,第三晶体管T3导通,使得在寻址晶体管T1的输出处的数据信号被施加到第二电极20,并因此能用于驱动LC显示元件。隔离晶体管T4关闭,使得电流源晶体管T2与EL显示元件隔离。第四电极34有效地浮置,使得没有电压跨越EL聚合物层30,并且没有电流能流经其。第五晶体管T5也关闭。在该模式中,驱动LC显示元件并且EL显示元件的聚合物层30用作滤色层。
在第二模式中,另外能够切断对电流源晶体管T2的电压源49。这样能节省电能。
在该电路构造中,两种工作模式都通过单一的寻址晶体管T1寻址,并且都使用用于电流源工作和用于在LC工作模式中存储数据信号电压的公共存储电容器C。
该实现方式要求EL显示远离基板38而发射光。EL显示器的常规实现方式提供通过基板的光发射,但现在实现了远离基板发射光的EL显示器。
在图2的像素结构中,EL显示驱动电流提供给第四电极34。这要求将第四电极34构图以限定单独的像素电极。
在可选择的配置中,用于EL和LC显示元件的像素驱动信号能施加给中间电极20、32。特别地,倘若有低于LC材料的阈值电压的电压跨接在LC材料上,则LC显示元件将保持透明。该阈值电压可以典型地提供4V摆幅,并且这足以驱动EL显示元件。
图3示出了图2电路的变型,并且其能够使驱动信号提供给中心电极20、32。
在LC工作模式中,电流源晶体管T2再次与中心电极20、32隔离,但在EL模式中,中心电极20、32不再耦合到下一寻址线。这样消除了对图2中晶体管T5的需要,并且避免了对像素电路连接到不同的寻址线的需要。作为替代,在电极20、32上需要充足的低电压以便LC材料保持透射。金属电极34耦合到电压源35上,并且在LC模式中,选择电源35上的电压以反相偏置EL元件。
再次利用用于提供信号给EL和LC显示元件的中间电极,能进一步简化像素驱动电路。图4示出了像素地址电路,其中LC显示元件也使用电荷寻址方案进行寻址。如所示,单一的寻址晶体管T1被再次使用并且其驱动电流源晶体管T2。来自电流源的电流提供给中心电极20、32。当工作在EL模式中时,提供的电流驱动中间电极,并且第一和第四电极18、34保持在固定的电位。在该驱动方案期间,在中间电极20、32上产生的电压不足以克服LC材料的阈值电压使其保持可透射。
当工作在LC模式中时,改变EL端35上的参考电压,使得EL显示器件将被反相偏置。以常规方式,将电流源晶体管T2提供的电流通过存储电容器52转换成电压,并且该电压导致LC显示元件的驱动。
为了确保跨越LC单元提供期望的电压,在对像素寻址之前,可以需要复位方案以将LC材料复位至参考电压。通过提供额外的薄膜晶体管以将第二电极20连接到附加参考电压线,能取得这种结果。
以电压改变LC电容,使得对于给定电荷量的灰度级取决于先前的灰度级(由于LC不会在短时间内切换)。为了克服这种不精确,应当使用大存储电容器52,或在施加数据信号之前应当足够早地进行复位操作以让液晶单元切换到预定状态。优选地,单元将复位到黑状态,其是能最快速地实现的对LC单元的改变。
作为一种可选择方案,能更精确地控制提供给LC单元的电流,以考虑LC单元先前的灰度等级水平。该方法需要帧存储,但对于提供有帧存储用于其他原因的显示器件已经越来越普遍。
上述的像素电路均具有作为信号输入的数据信号线上的电压,并且为了对EL显示元件寻址的目的,在每个情况中该电压用于驱动电流源。然而,电流信号可以同等地提供在数据信号线上,其当然要求不同的像素电路实现方式并且将需要不同的列驱动器电路。然而,使用电流信号对EL显示器件寻址是公知的方法,这对于本领域的技术人员是显而易见的。使用电流数据信号来驱动LC显示器要求附加的测量以确保跨越LC单元的正确电压,如上面结合图4所讨论的。
在上述的例子中,采用反射LC显示元件,其中液晶材料夹在面对的电极之间。另一个可能的反射LC单元使用所谓的“面内切换”(IPS)效应。如图5所示,以形成在同一基板上的互锁梳状的形式制作两个电极。电极60、62提供有不同的电压V1、V2,并且像素区示出为64。
如果该电极图案用作下面的EL显示元件的电极之一,仅仅由电极结构60、62覆盖的部分EL层将发射光,如图6所示。然而,光的局部强度将更高,并且梳结构的小尺寸导致对用户的效果基本上未受影响。
在上述的例子中,两种类型的显示器的工作相互排斥。然而还可能同时驱动像素。这将需要像素电路的不同控制,或者可以要求像素电路的变型。例如,可以将EL元件都驱动到恒定值以提供用于第一(LC或其它)显示元件的附加照明,从而用作背光以及滤色层。当很难辨认屏幕时,这可以在用户的控制下来提供另外的光。当使用EL显示像素作为背光时,光仅通过一次顶部显示元件,并且可以需要修改显示驱动信号以提供想要的图象。
还可以使用其它类型的显示器件来代替反射LC器件。
第一显示元件可以包括电泳显示元件,其中基于静电力控制在透明液体中的吸收微粒的移动。在电变色器件中,控制化学的氧化状态以提供可变的透射率。还可以基于电浸润原理开发显示器件,其中控制表面张力以指挥液体移入或移出毛细管,再次阻挡或允许光通过。还可以使用相变材料,例如金属氢化物来形成显示器件。
一些这样类型的显示器件会需要偏振器,而其他的不需要。尽管在上面的例子中介绍了偏振器,但某些形式的液晶器件也不需要偏振器,例如聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)和所谓的“宾主”型液晶,其中LCD分子使其它光学活性分子旋转。
如已公知的不同可能性,上面并未详细地介绍用于EL显示元件和第一显示元件中的材料。典型地,有机电致发光材料层的厚度在100nm和200nm之间。在EP-A-0717446中介绍了可以使用的合适的有机EL材料的典型例子。还可以使用在WO 96/36959中介绍的例如共轭聚合物材料的电致发光材料。

Claims (23)

1、一种显示器件,包括显示像素阵列,每个像素包括在至少两种透射状态之间可驱动的第一显示元件,第一显示元件覆盖在电致发光显示元件上。
2、如权利要求1所要求的器件,其中电致发光显示元件包括夹在两个电极之间的有机材料,并且有机材料包括在所有电致发光显示元件之间共享的有机层。
3、如权利要求2所要求的器件,其中对层进行颜色构图使得不同的电致发光显示元件具有不同的颜色。
4、如权利要求3所要求的器件,其中有机材料提供用于第一显示元件的颜色过滤。
5、如任一上述权利要求所要求的显示器件,其中第一显示元件包括电泳、电浸润、电变色或相变材料显示元件。
6、如权利要求1至4任一项所要求的显示器件,其中第一显示元件包括液晶。
7、如权利要求6所要求的显示器件,其中液晶显示元件包括面内切换(IPS)的显示元件。
8、如权利要求7所要求的显示器件,其中IPS显示元件包括具有至少两个互锁电极的平面电极结构,并且其中电致发光显示元件包括夹在两个电极之间的有机材料,其中之一包括平面电极结构。
9、如权利要求6所要求的器件,其中液晶显示元件包括夹在基本上透射的第一和第二电极之间的液晶材料,以及电致发光显示元件包括夹在第三和第四电极之间的有机材料,第二和第三电极位于液晶显示元件和电致发光显示元件的接合处。
10、如权利要求9所要求的器件,其中第一和第二电极由基本上透明的导体形成。
11、如权利要求10所要求的器件,其中导体包括IT0。
12、如权利要求9、10或11所要求的器件,其中在第二和第三电极之间设置基本上透明的绝缘层。
13、如权利要求9、10、11或12所要求的器件,其中第三电极由ITO形成而第四电极是导电不透明层。
14、如权利要求9所要求的器件,其中共享层限定第二和第三电极。
15、如权利要求9至14任一项所要求的器件,其中第四电极是反射导电层并且提供反射表面用于反射显示像素。
16、如任一上述权利要求所要求的器件,其中每个像素包括在第一和第二模式中工作的像素驱动电路,其中在第一模式中驱动第一显示元件,以便使得第一显示元件呈现为透明并且电致发光显示元件得到控制,以及在第二模式中电致发光显示元件基本上不发射并且第一显示元件得到控制。
17、如权利要求16所要求的器件,其中像素驱动电路工作在第三模式中,其中第一显示元件和EL元件都工作。
18、如权利要求9至15任一项所要求的器件,其中每个像素包括像素驱动电路,包括:
第一连接,将第一电极连接到参考电位;
地址晶体管,用于对像素进行寻址,从而允许数据信号传递到像素的其余部分;
电路模式选择部分,在第一模式中模式选择部分将第二电极连接到固定的电位并且将输入信号耦合到第四电极,而在第二模式中模式选择部分将输入信号耦合到第二电极并使第四电极与输入信号隔离。
19、如权利要求18所要求的器件,其中电路模式选择部分在第三模式中同时将电极连接到各自的输入信号。
20、如权利要求18或19所要求的器件,其中每个像素驱动电路还包括由数据信号驱动的电流源,以及其中电路模式选择部分包括耦合在第二电极和固定电位之间的第一晶体管、耦合在地址晶体管和第二电极之间的第二晶体管以及耦合在电流源和第四电极之间的第三晶体管,其中在第一模式中第一和第三晶体管导通而第二晶体管关闭,而在第二模式中第一和第三晶体管关闭而第二晶体管导通。
21、如权利要求20所要求的器件,其中电流源包括第四晶体管,通过数据信号驱动其栅极。
22、如权利要求9至15任一项所要求的器件,其中每个像素包括像素驱动电路,包括:
第一连接,将第一电极连接到参考电压;
地址晶体管,用于对像素进行寻址,从而允许数据信号传递到像素的其余部分;
电流源,用于把数据信号转换成电流并且把电流施加到第二和第三电极;
其中对于在第一范围内的数据信号,电流被用于对电致发光元件寻址,以及对于在第二范围内的数据信号,电压被施加到第四端以关闭电致发光元件并且电流被用于对液晶元件寻址。
23、如权利要求9至15任一项所要求的器件,其中每个像素包括像素驱动电路,包括:
第一连接,将第一电极连接到参考电压;
地址晶体管,用于对像素进行寻址,从而允许数据信号传递到像素的其余部分;
电流源,用于把数据信号转换成电流并且把电流施加到第二和第三电极;
存储电容器,连接在第一和第二电极之间,
其中对于在第一范围内的数据信号,电流被用于对电致发光元件寻址,以及对于在第二范围内的数据信号,电压被施加到第四端以关闭电致发光元件并且电流通过存储电容器转换为电压,电压被用于对液晶元件寻址。
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