CN1805837A - 用于制备熔液的装置 - Google Patents

用于制备熔液的装置 Download PDF

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CN1805837A
CN1805837A CNA2004800163450A CN200480016345A CN1805837A CN 1805837 A CN1805837 A CN 1805837A CN A2004800163450 A CNA2004800163450 A CN A2004800163450A CN 200480016345 A CN200480016345 A CN 200480016345A CN 1805837 A CN1805837 A CN 1805837A
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filter
liquation
unit
cleaning unit
sensor unit
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D·格诺伊斯
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Gneuss Kunststofftechnik GmbH
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Gneuss Kunststofftechnik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/60—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor integrally combined with devices for controlling the filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/62—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
    • B01D29/66—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by flushing, e.g. counter-current air-bumps
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    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

用于制备一种熔液，特别是塑料熔液的带有一个材料配料的供给装置(2)的装置(1)，其中，这个装置(1)有至少一个用于流过的熔液的清洁单元(4)，特别是一个可旋转的过滤圆盘(5)，及至少一个用于得到一个或者多个过程参数的传感器单元(17；18；19；20；21)，借助传感器单元及基于过滤器专门的过程数据，清洁单元(4)的工作是可以被控制的。设计这种装置，使在所得到的(17；18；19；20；21)过程参数和/或过滤器专门的过程数据的前提下，通过供给装置(2)被供给的过程原料至少在类型和计量上是可以被控制的，和/或过程原料的加工参数也是可以被控制的。

Description

用于制备熔液的装置
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1前序部分的制备熔液的装置，其具有一个清洁单元，用于使得熔液能够在塑料加工机或者是类似物中被继续加工。
这种装置是用于，例如，在压注机中使用的塑料熔液中机械地去除其中的脏物，用于使它能够继续加工。在这种情况下，这种装置例如有一个带有机械式过滤圆盘的清洁单元，它有多个圆周上依次排列的滤网。这些滤网将在一定的功能时间之后进行自身清洁，以把堵在管道口的脏物去除。在没有清洁的情况下，很快就会产生一个显著的通过堵塞的过滤区域的反压力，它妨碍熔液过滤器的清洁功能。
在文件WO 01/43 847中公开了，为了实现自身清洁，滤网用清洁流加载，清洁流和穿过过滤圆盘的熔液流的穿过方向是相反的。这个反向流将由一个从主熔液通道中分支出的返流冲洗通道来产生。用于根据污染程度来优化滤网的自身清洁，在此提出控制器，由它确定熔液的量和/或返流冲洗的熔液的流动速度，并且它的入口尺寸由在运行过程中所得到的过程参数来形成。这种装置可以以适配的滤网的清洁能力对变化的所供给的配料的质量做出反应，从而有时在被导入的炭黑结块的情况下，就算滤网能够实现它的功能，可是熔液在出口的混合仍然不能够符合所希望的要求。
本发明的任务在于，改进这个所述形式的装置的可用性。
本发明通过具有权利要求1所描述的特征的装置及具有权利要求2所描述的特征的装置解决了这个任务，所述装置可以单独地或者相互组合地实现。权利要求3给出有利的设计。
根据本发明在权利要求1所描述的构型中，公开一种方案，即在所测量的参数以及可能的情况下从中得到的过滤器专门的过程数据的基础上，用所供给的过程原料和/或过程原料的混合的一个变化，或者是对它的加工参数的变化作为反应，由此就可以保证在出口侧的均匀的产品质量。
根据权利要求2的构型中，在另一方面，也就是不是完全一样的产品特性的情况下，后续加工可以随之调整，例如通过在变大的熔液粘度的情况下，在装置中或者在一个后续的后续加工单元中加大弹性管子的截面积，或者延长阀门的开启时间，以使得变粘的熔液的流动速度和由此过程控制能够保持恒定。
在传感器所得到的数据的基础上的调节相互依赖地特别有利地影响了清洁单元的工作和所供给配料的混合调节。这样例如就有可能，当传感器单元检测到熔液中过少的炭黑含量(和由此过少的黑色)，就会一方面提高过滤器的自清洁，因为可能存在在过滤器入口侧的结块现象，另一方面提高供给的配料中的炭黑含量，因为明显有太大的炭黑量附着在过滤器上，并且由此不能够被产品使用。这样就能考虑供给配料的不同的质量。
本发明其他的优点和特征将通过图示的和后面所说明的本发明主题的实施例得出。
在图中显示了：
图1本发明的装置的一个示意的方块图
图2用于制备熔液的传统装置的一个类似于图1的视图
图3具有清洁单元的装置的截面的截面视图
图4过图3中线IV-IV的一个截面
图1中用方块图的形式示出了装置1，它实现了权利要求1的特征及权利要求2所描述的特征。装置1包括了一个用于输入不同配料(例如：新的颗粒材料，再生材料，主要批料或者是附加料(例如是，白垩，木屑，颜料等等))的供给装置2。配料通过一个合适的增塑单元3在这里是具有螺旋输送器的漏斗，被引向至少一个清洁单元4。这就可以如图所示，包含一个有许多个滤网6的过滤圆盘5。例如十个至十四个滤网6是常见的，并且它们都是可更换的。在清洁位置中，过滤圆盘5被保持在一个清洁管道9中的两个平行的平板体7，8之间，其中在清洗液的流动方向10(图3)中有一个用于加载过滤圆盘5的加载开口11。
在该实施实例中，过滤圆盘5有一个圆形的外形轮廓(图4)，加载开口11有至少一个明显的沿着过滤圆盘5的径向的伸展部分，并且一直延伸到它的外边缘。这个过滤圆盘5可以绕着一个中轴线12旋转，从而滤网6可以一个接一个地到达加载开口11所覆盖的区域。
从熔液管道9分支有一个返流清洗管道，在其中从过滤器5中流过的熔液被一个熔液推动活塞14在和液动方向10相反方向流动的方向15上加压通过一个熔液过滤器5的有缝隙的部分范围16，以由此清洁滤网6上被堵塞的孔。从而在运行时，熔液过滤器5可以同时进行它本身清洁，例如通过连续的或者是有节拍的绕着轴线12的旋转，分别部分处在自我清洁状态，部分处在熔液的过滤状态。至少部分处在堵塞状态下的区域，可以直接被导入到清洁状态中。
装置1还包括其他很多的传感器单元17，18，19，20，21，它们得到不同的参数，这些参数不仅用于调节过滤单元的功能，而且用于引起装置1的效率和质量影响。
传感器单元17被布置在清洁管道9中，并且测量通过返流清洗从过滤器5中分离出的脏物量。传感器单元18和19对应过滤器5，并且测量用于它绕着轴线12的转动所必需的驱动力矩，也可以是熔液清洁过程中的过滤面积的消耗或者必需的过滤面的容量。通过传感器单元20和21得到被清洁的熔液的粘度以及熔液单元的评价。其他的测量值，例如熔液的温度、压力、导电性或者是其它的参数可以有选择地或者是附加地被得到。
这些通过传感器单元得到的和在必要时由此的通过计算模块算出的数据首先被如现有技术(图2)所描述的那样被传送到过滤器控制器22，在其帮助下，过滤器5的运动就是可以调整的。此外，这些数据将如本发明所描述的那样被传送给一个过程控制单元23，它实现两个功能：其一，它用所获得的数据控制原材料输入中配料的混合，基本上是，在熔液中的某个配料的分量过大的时候，例如通过过高的密度或者是不正常的导电性参数识别，过程控制单元减少这个配料的供给量；其二，过程控制单元23还调节工艺参数29，如这里所描述的那样例如是装置1本身的粘度，和/或是用于装置1后面的至少一个后加工单元，例如是一个剁碎机(Hcksler)，一个阀门，一个压注机或者是其他类似的装置。被供给的配料可以是再生物，也可以是新原料，也可以是可以用不同的填充料来积聚的混合料。
针对原料供给和过滤器控制器的控制指令特别将在相互调整中被给出：例如当少量的炭黑被作为添加配料使用的时候，炭黑附聚或者是结块，这些炭黑块就挂在过滤器5上，就不再起所预想的把最终产品染成黑色的作用。过滤器5在这种情况下就会更快堵塞，这时候过滤器控制器22就给出过滤器5的自清洁的指令，也就是绕着轴线12的旋转进行加速。同时例如通过在过滤器5后面的传感器20，21就可以自行识别到产品中的错误(在这里是黑色不足)，而且从过程控制单元23中由此给出原料供给的信息，炭黑配料的分量将会得到提高。
在此边界值在用在调节中，边界值可以阻止例如过高的过滤器5的旋转速度或者是某个配料的过高计量。在必要的情况下，一个警报器将被启动，或者是设备将被自动停止。
除传感器17，18，19，20，21之外，还有不同的调节机构24，25，26，27，它们实现了装置1的工艺参数的调节，调节使在运行过程中能适配被检测到的变化。例如通过由阀门制成的执行器24可以来调整返流冲洗的压力，通过执行器25可以调整过滤圆盘5的压力差。对应于旋转轴线12上的执行器26，27用于保持在过滤器5上的熔液停留时间的边界值，以及保持在过滤器5上的脏物渣停留时间的边界值。
可以想象，通过过程控制单元23和对应的执行器，不同的过程影响可能性都是可以被调整的。
总之，由此过程可以首次作为一个整体—不仅仅是过滤单元的参数—自动的被调整。一个人工的参与在这样的情况下就不是必需的了。
优点在于，通过所供给的配料的计量与工艺参数自动最优化调整可以总是最大限度地使用过滤器。
此外被传感器单元17，18，19，20，21所得到的数据可以在指示所供给的配料的质量缺陷时作为一个自动化的信息不仅影响过程本身，而且同时或者时间错开的被传送到质量控制单元28和/或采购部门，为了由此在下一次相关配料供应的时候能改善。
它同时存在这个可能性，即对最终产品30的相应的分级和分派。
所有这些主要数据的获取为一致的过程数据的继续利用，其从过滤器专用的控制系统中被给出，并现在能附加地实现广泛的和首先是全自动的整个生产过程的过程控制。
这样一个复杂的控制的前提是一个过滤器，就象例如通过WO01/43 847属于现在技术的过滤器，在其中，在熔液管道中脏物渣轮廓在时间上是恒定的，并且，过滤器由此每个时间单位提供一个所需的过滤器面的近似模拟的信号。
在其它的过滤系统中，纯理论上在每个时间单位内这可以从压力升高导出，压力升高并不是和脏物量线性相关的，从而，这种计算从理论上来说很复杂，并且在此在实际中不具有可实践性。对于返流冲洗过滤器来说，它也是完全不可实践的，因为这个返流冲洗的过滤器总是有一个未限定的而且也是不可控制的状态。
                       附图标记列表
1.装置
2.供给装置
3.增塑单元
4.清洁单元
5.过滤圆盘
6.滤网
7.平板体
8.平板体
9.清洁通道
10.流动方向
11.加载开口
12.轴线
13.返流冲洗管道
14.熔液推动活塞
15.返流方向
16.部分范围
17.传感器单元
18.传感器单元
19.传感器单元
20.传感器单元
21.传感器单元
22.过滤器控制器
23.过程控制单元
24.执行器
25.执行器
26.执行器
27.执行器
28.质量控制单元
29.工艺参数
30.最终产品

Claims (5)

1.用于制备熔液，特别是塑料熔液的装置(1)，其带有材料配料的供给装置(2)，其中，装置(1)有至少一个用于流过熔液的清洁单元(4)，特别是可旋转的过滤圆盘(5)，及至少一个用于得到一个或者多个过程参数的传感器单元(17；18；19；20；21)，借助于传感器单元及基于过滤器专门的过程数据，清洁单元(4)的工作是可影响的，其特征在于，在所得到的(17；18；19；20；21)过程参数和/或过滤器专门的过程数据的基础上，通过供给装置(2)被供给的过程原料至少在类型和计量上是可以被调节的，和/或过程原料的加工参数也是可以被调节的。
2.用于制备一种熔液，特别是塑料熔液的装置(1)，其带有材料配料的供给装置(2)，其中，装置(1)有至少一个流过的熔液的清洁单元(4)，特别是可旋转的过滤圆盘(5)，及至少一个用于得到一个或者多个过程参数的传感器单元(17；18；19；20；21)，借助传感器单元及基于过滤器专门的过程数据，清洁单元(4)的工作是可影响的，特别按照权利要求1，其特征在于，在所得到的(17；18；19；20；21)过程参数和/或过滤器专门的过程数据的基础上，装置(1)的工艺参数和/或清洁单元(4)后面的后续加工单元，特别是剁碎机，塑料加工机器的阀门或类似物的工艺参数，是可调节的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，清洁单元(4)和供给装置(2)的调节在上述数据的基础上相互依赖。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的装置，其特征在于，清洁单元(4)和工艺参数的控制在上述数据的基础上相互间依赖。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的装置，其特征在于，在所得到的过程参数和/或过滤器专门的过程数据的基础上，可以产生用于质量管理单元(28)和/或采购部门的信息。
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