CN1798527A - 用于最小侵害性的后部固定的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于最小侵害性的后部固定的系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1798527A
CN1798527A CNA2004800145448A CN200480014544A CN1798527A CN 1798527 A CN1798527 A CN 1798527A CN A2004800145448 A CNA2004800145448 A CN A2004800145448A CN 200480014544 A CN200480014544 A CN 200480014544A CN 1798527 A CN1798527 A CN 1798527A
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China
Prior art keywords
bone fixation
fixation means
guide wire
connecting rod
connector
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CNA2004800145448A
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CN100418485C (zh
Inventor
T·V·恩古耶
S·M·沙奥利安
G·P·泰特尔鲍姆
M·R·汉森
T·V·帕姆
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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Vertelink Corp
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    • A61B17/1662Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body
    • A61B17/1671Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the spine
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Abstract

本发明总体上涉及用于在身体内对齐和植入矫形固定件或稳定植入物的系统和方法。在一实施例中,该系统包括至少两骨固定件、诸骨固定件中的至少一个设有一角度可调节的连接件。在一方面中,该系统还包括至少一根连杆,用于通过它们各自的可调节的连接件连接两个或更多个骨固定件。诸骨固定件和连杆可以被锁定在适当位置中,用于形成一脊柱融合或固定修复术。设置一对齐工具,用于引导一根引导金属丝通过一个或多个连接件。

Description

用于最小侵害性的后部固定的系统和方法
                         相关申请
本申请根据35 U.S.C.§119(e)之规定要求对在2003年4月25日递交的美国临时申请60/465,902的优先权,该临时申请的全部内容被结合在此供参考。
                          发明背景
发明领域
本发明总体上涉及医疗装置,尤其涉及用于在身体内对齐和植入矫形固定物或稳定植入物的系统。在一应用中,本发明涉及用于植入后部器具的最小侵害性的操作程序和装置。
相关技术的说明
人们的脊椎和相关联的连接部分受到各种各样的疾病和引起疼痛和伤残的许多状态的折磨。在这些疾病和状态中有椎关节强硬、脊椎前移、脊椎不稳定、脊柱狭窄以及退化的椎间盘、突出的椎间盘或退化并突出的椎间盘。此外,脊椎和相关联的连接部分会受到伤害,包括断裂和撕裂的韧带以及包括椎板切除术的外科处理。
涉及这些疾病、状态、伤害和处理的疼痛和伤残通常是由于从椎柱的其余部分移动了一脊椎的全部或部分而造成的。已研制了多种方法将已移位的脊椎或已移位脊椎的诸部分恢复到它们的正常位置和将它们固定在脊柱中。例如,用螺钉固定减小开放程度是一种目前采用的方法。用销钉、螺钉、杆和板连接骨的两部分或更多部分的外科手术要求切入骨周围的组织和在被连接的骨部分上钻透一个或多个孔。由于在骨尺寸、结构和负荷要求方面的显著差异,在现行技术中研制了多种多样的骨固定装置。通常,在医治或融合过程中护理的目前标准取决于稳定骨断裂部分的各种各样的金属丝、螺钉、杆、板和夹具。但是,这些方法与许多缺点相关联,例如病态、高成本、病人住院时间长和与打开过程相关联的痛苦。
因此,需要用于对已移位的椎脊或已移位的椎脊的部分再定位和固定以使引起的痛苦和可能的并发症较少的装置和方法。较佳地,通过最小侵害性的手术过程该装置是可植入的。
                        发明概要
按照本发明的一方面,提供了一种用于后部固定硬件(posterior fixationhardware)的最小侵害性(minimally invasive)的植入的系统。该系统通常包括至少两骨固定件,两骨固定件中的至少一个设置有一可调节的连接件。在许多临床情况中,用于该系统的全部骨固定件可以设置诸可调节的连接件。该系统还可以包括用于将骨固定件插入一骨内和锁定可调节的连接件的一驱动器。该系统还包括用于通过它们各自的可调节的连接件连接两个或更多个骨固定件的至少一根连杆。在一实施例中,设置一插入工具用于插入连杆。通过将可调节的连接件锁定在骨固定件上可将骨固定件和连杆相互固定,以在皮下形成一修复术。
按照本发明的另一方面,该系统还包括用于后部固定硬件的最小侵害性的植入的一引导装置。在一实施例中,该引导装置包括适合于啮合骨固定件的一中央支撑臂。一径向臂可枢转地连接于中央臂。一中空通道针固定于该径向臂。径向臂相对于中央臂可枢动,以允许该中空通道针沿着一弧形路径前进,用于引导一根引导金属丝通过一组织通道(tissue tract)进入和通过在一骨固定件(或骨螺钉)上的至少一可调节的连接件。该中空通道针可以可拆卸地携带一封闭件,以利于经皮的(percutaneous)前进。中孔针还可以可拆卸地携带一远端引导金属丝捕获装置,用于在中空通道针内捕获经皮地向近端前进的一引导金属丝。该引导金属丝捕获装置可以包括例如一锥形漏斗的一径向可放大的结构,用于偏转一接近的引导金属丝进入中空通道针的空腔内。
在本发明的另一方面中,提供一种以最小侵害性值入固定硬件的方法。在一实施例中,该方法包括插入具有一第一可调节的连接件的一第一骨固定件进入一第一脊椎体。将具有一第二可调节的连接件的一第二骨固定件插入一第二脊椎体。第一和第二脊椎体可以相互靠近,或者被一个或多个其它脊椎体分开。将一连杆插入通过两骨固定件的诸可调节连接件。然后锁定各骨固定件的可调节连接件,固定该可调节连接件在骨固定件中的位置,并将该连杆固定在可调节连接件内以形成一修复术。
按照本发明的另一实施例,该方法还包括将带有一可调节连接件的另一骨固定件插入另一脊椎体。这后一个脊椎体可以靠近第一和第二脊椎体中的任一个或两者,或者与第一和第二脊椎体分开。将连杆插入通过全部骨固定件的诸可调节连接件以形成修复术。
按照本发明的另一实施例,该方法还包括放置一根或多根引导金属丝。可以将一引导金属丝插入一骨头,以形成用于插入一骨固定件的一路径。可以将另一根引导金属丝穿过两个或多个骨固定件的诸可调节连接件以引导连杆的插入。可以利用上述的引导结构放置引导金属丝。
在任一上述系统和方法中,可以用一柔性引导管代替或补充引导金属丝。在本发明的这实施例中,可以使骨固定件和/或连杆前进通过该引导管的内部。
鉴于以下较佳实施例的详细叙述并与附图一起考虑时,本发明的进一步特征和优点对于该领域的熟练人员将变得很明显。
                          附图简述
图1是按照本发明的一实施例的、用于最小侵害性的椎柱固定的一系统的外观。
图2是图1的骨固定件和驱动器的分解图。
图3A是图2中圆圈区域的放大图。
图3B示出了按照另一实施例的、带有转动极限的一角度可调节的连接件。
图3C示出了按照又一实施例的一连接件、一锁帽和它的辅助内适配件。
图3D-3F进一步详细示出了图3C所示的连接件。
图3G是按照另一实施例的、定位在骨固定件的头部内的、带有转动极限的一角度可调节的连接件的剖视图。
图4是用于图1所示的最小侵入性的后部脊柱固定的、带有从它的插入工具拆下的连杆的该系统的另一视图。
图5是图4中的圆圈区域的放大视图。
图6是图4所示的用于最小侵入性的后部脊柱固定的系统的另一视图。
图7-12示出了将一引导金属丝定位在一脊椎体内的定位工具的使用。
图13-14示出了用于膨胀(dilate)一组织通道的一膨胀气囊导管的使用。
图15-20示出了靠近一椎脊体的一护套的定位。
图21-23示出了用于在一脊椎体内产生接纳一骨固定件的一孔的钻具。
图24-25示出了在金属丝上朝向一脊椎体推进一骨固定件。
图26-27示出了一骨固定件和用于将该骨固定件插入一脊椎体的驱动器。
图28-31示出了用于将一骨固定件插入一脊椎体的驱动器的使用。
图32示出了定位在两相邻的脊椎体内的两骨固定件。
图33示出了按照本发明的一方面的、用于通过一骨固定件的对一引导金属丝定位的一对齐装置。
图34示出了用于在该对齐装置的弧形臂内定位的一柔性封闭件。
图35示出了连接于一第一骨固定件的一第一对齐装置和连接于一第二骨固定件的一第二对齐装置。
图36和37示出了用于在对齐装置上的弧形臂内定位的一引导金属丝捕获装置。
图38示出了第一第二对齐装置,并带有从第一对齐装置朝由第二对齐装置携带的捕获装置前进的一引导金属丝。
图39是与图38类似的视图,其中引导金属丝已进入引导金属丝捕获装置和通过在第二对齐装置上的弯曲臂。
图40是脱离一插入工具的一连杆的侧视图,这两者都位于一引导金属丝上。
图41是通过两相邻的骨固定件定位的一引导金属丝以及依靠一插入工具沿着该引导金属丝前进的一连杆的侧向立体图。
图42是与图41类似的视图,其中连杆定位在第一和第二骨固定件内。
图43是与图42类似的视图,其中驱动器位于将第一骨固定件锁定至连杆的位置中。
图44是与图43类似的视图,其中驱动器工具的一部分向近端缩回。
图45是与图44类似的视图,其中驱动工具被拆去、第一和第二骨固定件被锁定在连杆上,插入工具与连杆脱离。
图46是与图45类似的视图,其中从连杆拆去了插入工具和引导金属丝、并示出了按照本发明的在适当位置中形成的一级后部融合装置(one levelposterior fusion device)。
图47是与图46类似的视图,示出了按照本发明的、经皮组装的两级融合(two level fusion)或固定装置。
图48是按照本发明的一可替换选用的连杆的侧向示意图。
图49是类似图3A的放大分解图,示出了适合于与图48的连杆一起使用的一骨固定件的近端。
                     较佳实施例的详细描述
虽然主要以脊柱固定手术过程揭示本发明的应用,但是意图是将本文所揭示的系统和方法用于凡是其中可能需要连接、膨胀、拉紧、支撑、固定或其它修复术的最小侵害的植入的多种多样的医学应用场合。
在本发明的多个实施例中所述的修复术形成的一个优点是能够通过最小侵害的通道到达治疗部位,同时允许在治疗部位形成较大的修复。在一实施例中,通过最小侵害的通道将一修复术的多个组成部分插入病人体内,然后将它们结合起来形成单个修复术。通过在多个组成部分之间的角度可调节的诸连接件方便地实现了这手术,当结合诸组成部分时这些连接件提供了活动余地或角度可调节性。然后,可以锁定在多个组成部分之间的连接,以固定或建立所需结构中的修复术。
若干实施例的一肯定的优点是能够解开和调节在修复的多个组成部分之间的一个或多个连接,在它的值入和成形期间和甚至成形之后以建立另一所需结构的修复术,从而在随后的步骤中可以调节该修复术。
按照本发明的多个实施例的、用于脊柱固定的系统和方法通过避免开放的外科静脉造口术或其它侵害性的进入通道操作步骤使手术操作发病率最小。全部用在本发明的实践中的基本的经皮的进入通道(percutaneousaccess)、骨螺钉结构和植入方法以及用于经皮的定位横越骨螺钉的固定杆的方法和结构都已揭示在以下专利申请中:2000年12月21日递交的、名称为“经皮的脊椎融合系统”的、授于Teitelbaum的美国专利申请09/747,066;2001年8月29日递交的、名称为“可成形的矫形外科的固定系统”的、授于Shsolian等人的美国专利申请09/943,636;2001年10月10递交的、名称为“可成形的矩形外科固定系统”的、授予Teitelbaum的美国专利申请09/976,459;以及,2002年5月31日提交的、名称为“在适当位置中成形的带有热加速的固定系统”的、授于Shaolian等人的美国专利申请10/161,554。这些专利申请的揭示内容被结合在此供参考。
在图1中提供了按照本发明的一实施例的、用于最小侵害性的后部脊柱固定的系统的外观。该系统包括至少两个和可选的三个或四个或更多个骨固定件100和一根连杆200。在图1中,诸骨固定件由连杆200连接。该系统还包括一驱动器150和一插入工具250,图中示出了该驱动器啮合其中一个骨固定件100,插入工具连接于连杆200。虽然将主要以连接于两个骨固定件的一根连杆的内容叙述本发明,但是通常的融合应用将包括植入两根连杆,各连杆由两个或更多个骨固定件携带,如本领域被大家所理解的那样侧向对称安装该两连杆。
图2示出了骨固定件100和驱动器150的分解图。骨固定件100设置有螺纹102,依靠该螺纹将骨固定件拧入脊椎体。在骨固定件100的头部108内设置有一连接件104和一锁盖106。
驱动器150包括同中心地设置的、围绕一内适配件154的一外适配件152。其中一个适配件可以相对于另一个适配件自由转动。该外适配件152适合于啮合头部108,用于将骨固定件100拧入一骨内。该内适配器154适合于啮合该锁盖106,用于将连接件104紧固在头部108内。在一实施例中,外适配件152的六角形近端156允许通过扳手或其它工具将转矩施加于外适配件152。类似地,内适配件154的六角形近端158允许将转矩施加于内适配件154。
用许多方法中的任一方法可以实现在驱动器和骨固定件之间的可释放的转动的啮合。在所示的实施例中,内适配件154的远端设置有用于与骨固定件100的近端上的一互补表面协作的至少一表面,用于将转矩从内适配件150传送到骨固定件100,以使转矩从内适配件154传送到锁盖106。类似地,外适配件152的远端设置有用于与骨固定件100的近端上的一互补表面协作的至少一表面,用于将转短从外适配件152传送到骨固定件100,以使在骨固定件100和脊椎体之间能建立可靠的啮合。
在一实施例中,骨固定件100、它的连接件104、它的锁盖106和内适配件156设置有一引导金属丝190可以通过的一中央轴向空腔。
图3A是图2中圆圈区域的放大视图,示出了骨固定件100的近端头部108和外适配件152和内适配件154的远端。在头部108内设置连接件104和锁盖106。在一实施例中,连接件104为球形并带有延伸通过自身的一孔110以及在它的圆周内的一间隙112,从而当沿着孔110的中心线看时它大体上为C形。孔110适合于插入一连杆(未示出),并具有一比该连杆直径稍大的直径。该领域的熟练人员会理解到可以将连接件104设置成许多合适的形状。
在一实施例中,连接件104位于头部108内的一轨道或槽114上。槽114较佳地设置有相对于连接件104的球形外表面的一互补表面。连接件104可以在骨固定件(或骨螺钉)100的头部108内在任一轴线上转动。可以将锁盖106拧入头部108内,用于依靠于连杆200锁定连接件104、通过对槽114加压将连接件104固定在头部108内。锁盖106的底部可以设置有一中凹表面(未示出),该中凹表面与连接件104的球形外表面互补。
一横门孔116沿着大体上垂直于骨固定件100的中心线的一轴线延伸通过头部108。虽然连接件104的孔110的头部108的横门孔116被示为圆形,但是在其它实施例中可以是不同形状,这取决于固定杆的横剖面(例如蛋形、椭圆形、矩形、正方形等)。横门孔116的直径通常小于被压缩的连接件104的外径,但是大于孔110的内径。在紧固锁盖106之前,连接件104可以在头部108内的任一轴线上转动,以适应不同的固定杆的进入角(entranceangle)。从而孔110中的中心线和横门孔116的中心线可以是同轴线的或在角度方位上是偏置的。
在一实施例中,拧入头部108的锁盖106的加压于连接件104,缩小了间隙112的宽度和减小了孔110的横剖面积。这将延伸通过骨固定件100的横门孔116的连杆(未示出)固定在孔110内。锁盖106拧入头部108内还将连接件104的转动位置固定在头部108内。
图3B示出了一可替换使用的连接件104’。类似于上述连接件104,连接件104’设置有带纵向轴线的一孔110’和一间隙112’。连接件104’的球形外表面设置有一个或两个或三个或更多个例如凸起或凹部111的表面结构。凹部111接纳例如骨固定件100的头部108内设置的凸起的互补的表面结构,用于限制在头部108内的连接件104’的转动角度。例如,图3G示出了一示例性实施例,其中互补的表面结构包括一销钉101,该销钉可以激光焊接或其它方法连接于螺钉头108或与该螺钉头形成为一体。如上所述,销钉101与凹部111相互作用以限制在头部108内的连接件104’的转动角度。在一特定实施例中,连接件104’在头部108内被限制成从通过横门孔116的纵向轴线、在任一轴线上转动约30°。在另一实施例中,连接件104’可以被限制到离开该纵向轴线达到约60°转角的范围。在一实施例中,连接件104’被限制成离开该纵向轴线在任何轴线上转动不大于约5°或约10°。
通常,连接件104’的转动被限制成使该孔110’将总是通过横门孔116暴露到连杆200。例如,如图所示,在图4中连杆200可以设置有一锥形远端201。该锥形远端201可以机加工形成或与连杆200模制成一体,或者可以与连杆200分开成形、然后连接在一起。在一实施例中,锥形端部201可以是例如尼龙、HDPE、PEBAX的聚合物的组成部分或该领域内已知的其它材料。锥形末端201可以通过引起连接件104围绕它的转动中心枢转、进入接纳连杆200的对齐状态便于连杆200前进通过孔110。以这方式,连接件104将自身与连杆200对齐,用于适应在体内可以发生的多种多样角度关系的任何一角度关系。
图3C类似于图3A,它示出按照另一实施例的内适配件154’和锁盖106’。在另一实施例中,内适配件154’设置有一Torx远端158’,该远端适合于啮合在锁盖106’的顶处的一互补的Torx孔120’。鉴于本文的揭示内容,如该领域内会理解的那样,可以使用多种互补的表面结构中的任何一表面结构。
图3C示出了按照另一实施例的连接件104″。与上述连接件104和104’类似,连接件104″设置有一孔110″和一个或多个可压缩的间隙112″。用可压缩材料提供诸间隙112″,该材料在锁盖106’在头部108内对着槽114紧固连接件104″时压缩。按照本发明的若干实施例可以使用在医疗装置中已知的可压缩的多种聚合材料的任何一种。该领域内熟练人员会理解也可以使用其它合适的柔性的或可压缩的材料。此外,多种金属(不锈钢、钛等)连接件104的任何一种可以被构造成使孔110可以从用于接纳通过其中连杆200的一第一较大横剖面运动到用于将连杆200锁定在适当位置中的一第二缩小的横剖面。可以通过提供用多种互锁结构中的任何一结构形成连接件104的侧壁的相对的组成部分实现这功能,该互锁结构例如是斜面和棘轮、或者在来自锁盖106的压力作用下允许缩小孔110的直径的滑配合结构。
在一可替换选用的实施例中,连接件104的诸部分或全部包括例如开孔泡沫材料、闭孔泡沫材料或固体可压缩材料的一种可压缩的介质。可以使用包括聚乙烯、PEEK、尼龙和在医疗领域已知的其它聚合物的结构,这取决于结构和所需的压缩性能。通常,连接件104的材料和结构的组合足以允许孔110的纵轴线的角度调节以适应连杆200的各种进入角度。在连杆200已位于孔110中之后,例如锁盖106的锁定件的转动和/或轴向移动起到防止连杆200在孔110内的轴向移动以及防止孔110的纵轴线相对于骨固定件100的纵轴线进一步的角度调节的作用。
图3D-3F更详细地示出了连接件104″、孔110″、间隙112″和一可压缩的或可折叠的膜或连接片(link)115。图3D是连接件104″的等轴立体图。图3E是沿着孔110″的中心线观察的连接件104″的正视图。图3F是相应的侧视图。在图3D-3F所示的实施例中,通过磨削、激光蚀刻、模制或其它方法形成例如一V形通道113的一凹部形成可压缩的连接片,该连接片在压缩连接件104″时折成扁平的一薄连接片115。该领域的熟练人员会理解可压缩的材料和结构可以被设置成许多合适的形状和形式。
在一实施例中,孔110’和110″具有即使在连接件104和104’分别被锁盖106在头部108内依靠着槽114压缩之后仍然返回到它们原来直径的趋势。这趋势由制造连接件104和104’的金属、合金或其它材料的弹性所造成的。使用例如在连接件104″的间隙112″内的V形通道113的可压缩材料减少或消除了这趋势,并可以允许连杆(未示出)更牢固地固定在孔110”’内。该领域的熟练人员会理解到连接件104和104’可由也能够减少或消除孔110’和110″返回到它们的原来直径的趋势的低弹性材料制造。
如以上参照图2所讨论的那样,在一实施例中,外适配件152适合于啮合于头部108,内适配器154适合于啮合于锁盖106。在所示的实施例中,外适配件152的远端上的凸起156适合于啮合于骨固定件100的头部108上的互补的凸起118。内适配件154的六角形远端158适合于啮合于锁盖106的顶部处的一互补的六角形孔120。
虽然本文示出了驱动器150和滑固定件100之间的特定的互锁关系,本发明设想了许多修改的关系。例如,可以将驱动器和植入物之间阴阳关系颠倒过来,用于内适配件154和外适配件152中的任一个或两者。此外,内适配件154和外适配件152各自设置有一表面结构,用于能与植入物上的相应组成部分转动啮合。虽然可以使用相应的六角形阳和阴组成部分方便地执行这功能,但是可以使用许多可替换选用的结构中的任何一结构,其中,内适配件154或外适配件152上的一第一表面与骨固定件100的相应部分上的一第二互补表面协作,以使在沿轴向脱离之前先行转动啮合。
在图4中,示出了连杆200位于两相邻骨固定件100之间并与插入工具250分离。设置插入工具250用于将连杆200插入骨固定件100。插入工具250包括一臂252和一把手254。在所示实施例中,臂252为弯曲状,以便于沿着至少通过一第一骨固定件和一第二骨固定件的孔110的一弯曲的组织通道将连杆200插入一病人体内的骨固定件110。例如一转矩传送管、杆或缆索的一中央控制线256(大部分以虚线示出)延伸通过插入工具250的一轴向空腔,并终止于在插入工具250的近端外例如旋钮的一控制件处。可以利用拧入沿着旋钮258的半径延伸的一通道260的一螺钉(未示出),以将控制线256固定在旋钮258内。控制线256设置有一带螺纹的远端262。这样,转动旋钮258就转动了控制线256和它的有螺纹的远端262以与连杆200啮合或脱开。
在一实施例中,连杆200和控制线256设置有用于在一引导金属丝上通过的一中心轴向空腔。
图5是图4中的圆圈部分的放大图,示出了外适配件152的远端、骨固定件100、连杆200以及插入工具的臂252的远端。示出连杆200固定在骨固定件100的头部108内。
连杆200设置有适合于啮合于插入工具的臂252的远端内的一互补的六角形插座(未示出)的一六角形近端202。在某些实施例中,在连杆200和臂252上可以设置可替换选用的表面结构,用于在相互之间在转动方向固定它们的方位。在所示的实施例中,该六角形近端202设置有适合于啮合于插入工具的臂252的远端内的六角形插座(未示出)中的一互补的小凸块(未示出)的一凹陷204。该凹陷204和小凸块(未示出)固定连杆200相对于臂252的轴向方位。控制线256的螺纹的远端262可以拧入连杆200的六角形近端202内的一互补螺孔206内,使连杆200可拆卸地固定于插入工具的臂252。通过转动插入工具的近端处的旋钮(未示出)可以将有螺纹的远端262拧入螺孔206。从螺孔206拧出有螺纹的远端262以使从插入工具250释放连杆200。
在一实施例中,外适配件152设置有沿着一直径延伸的一孔160,用于外适配器152的转动方位的荧光镜观察或其它的观察,以对齐由外适配件152啮合的骨固定件100的横门孔116。为此,孔160的轴线较佳地被设置成与横门孔116的轴线垂直,如图5所示。为了观察外适配件152和骨固定件100的轴向位置,可以临时缩回内适配件154,以便它不阻挡孔160。在另一实施例中,在孔160由可以安装一半透明标记,用于外适配件152的荧光镜观察或其它的观察。
或者,可以提供骨固定件100的转动方位的多种多样的其它记号中的任一记号。例如,在骨固定件100的近端和插入工具250的远端之间可以构造互补的表面结构,以仅仅使该两部分(component)在一预定的转动方位彼此连接。在这结构中,在插入工具250的一部分上可以提供保持在病人外部的视觉标号(例如“T”把手、油漆的或蚀刻的标记或其它记号),以允许直接视觉观察横门孔116的纵轴线的转动方位。
图6从另一角度示出了所描述的系统。为了清楚起见,已拆去了旋钮和它连接的中央缆索,示出了如上所述的适合于啮合连杆200的六角形近端202的六角形插座264,还示出了适合于啮合于连杆200的六角形近端202上的凹陷(未示出)的小凸起266。
在若干实施例中,骨固定件、连杆、驱动器和插入工具的臂的诸组成部分可以由钛、不锈钢或任何其它合适的金属、合金或材料制成。插入工具的把手较佳由适合的非滑动材料制成。该领域的熟练人员知道如何选择用于制造在以上实施例中所述的另件和装置的这些材料。
在参照图7-45的椎柱固定手术过程的内容中将揭示按照本发明实施例的、用于最小侵害性的植入后部固定硬件的方法。在本文前面供参考结合的共同待审查的专利申请中叙述了用于该方法的附加细节。虽然可以将本发明的方法和器具用于开放的外科手术,但是本发明最适合于经皮的或最小侵害的通道的范围内。这样,意图是将以下的方法步骤和在本文中供参考而结合的共同待批的专利申请中所揭示的内容用于经过组织的通道。但是,为了简化附图,在以下所讨论的附图中没有示出在治疗部位附近的软组织。
在图7和8中,一套针300插入通过组织通道并进入脊椎体310。该套针包括连接于一近端或上半把手302的一尖端杆(未示出)。该尖端杆被设置成同中心地位于连接于套针300的下半把手306的一插管304中。套针300的上半把手302和下半把手306用螺纹结合在一起,供开始时使用,如图7-8所示。将套针300插入通过病人的皮肤、肌肉和其它组织进入脊椎体310。
在图16中看到尖端杆的末端308。
图9示出了带有埋入脊椎体310内的、被连接上的插管304的下半把手306。已拧去上半把手(未示出),并离开下半把手306放置在一边。在图10中,将引导金属丝312通过下半把手306和导管304插入脊椎体310。
在图11中,从脊椎体310拆去下半把手306和插管304。较佳地,引导金属丝312保留在脊椎体310内的适当位置中。
图12示出了在拆去下半把手306和插管304之后在脊椎体310中的引导金属丝312。
图13-14示出了本发明的一实施例,其中使用了用于扩大组织通道的一可膨胀的组织扩张件。在图13中,带有一气囊316的一气囊导管314在引导金属丝312上朝脊椎体310前进。在图14中,气囊316膨胀,用于胀开到达脊椎体的通道附近的组织。这提供了用于插入如以下所述的一护套的一被扩大了的路径。
在图15中,一引导管322在引导金属312上前进进入脊椎体310。如图16所示,在一实施例中,引导管322可以有与套针300的插管304大体上相同的直径,允许引导管322前进进入较早由套针产生的脊椎体310中的孔内。引导管322起到一稳定的导轨的作用,一锥形膨胀圆筒体324在该导轨上可以相对于脊椎体310前进。
在图16-17中,该锥形膨胀圆筒体324在引导管322上相对于脊椎体310前进。在一实施例中,锥形膨胀圆筒体324可以具有与以上参照图13-14讨论的膨胀的膨胀气囊316大体上相同的直径。使用锥形膨胀圆筒体324占据由膨胀气囊所产生的路径,便于一护套的插入。在一可替换选用的顺序中,膨胀圆筒体324没有一锥形远端,而且直接在可膨胀的气囊上向远端前进进入适当位置。
在图18-20中,护套320在锥形膨胀圆筒体324上相对于脊椎体310前进。护套320占据由膨胀气囊产生的路径。然后,拆去引导管322和锥形膨胀圆筒体324。如图20所示,在放置护套320之后引导金属丝312较佳地保留在脊椎体310内。
在图21-23中,具有一可转动的远端332的一钻具330在引导金属312上前进和通过护套。该钻具330在脊椎体310上钻出适合于插入一骨固定件100的一孔(未示出)。然后,拆去钻具330。在图24-25中,使骨固定件100朝向脊椎体310在引导金属丝312上前进,并通过护套320。
在图24和25中,骨固定件100在金属丝312上前进和通过护套320。进入与脊椎体310啮合。虽然没有示出插入工具,但是在骨固定件100前进与脊椎体310接触的步骤之前,可以将骨固定件100连接于插入工具250。
图26和图27示出了驱动器150的外适配件152和内适配件154以及一骨固定件100,还有放在骨固定件100的头部108内的连接件104和锁盖106。以上已参照图2和3A详细叙述了这些组成部分的相互关系。图26-28所示出的外适配件152还包括延伸通过外适配件152的直径的一枢转孔153。该枢转孔153适合于连接以下将详细叙述的一引导金属丝插入装置400。在图28中,示出了设置在一引导金属190上的这些组成部分。
在图28中,使驱动器150(包括外适配器152和内适配器154)在引导金属丝312上前进,直至驱动器150接触于骨固定件100。在图29和30中,对外适配件152施加转矩,用于将骨固定件100拧入脊椎体310。在图31中,拆去驱动件150,留下处于适当位置中的骨固定件100,同时横门孔116的纵轴线被对准于大体上平行于脊柱的纵轴线的方向。虽然在参照图28-31所讨论的诸步骤中没有示出以上参照图18-25讨论的护套320,然而可以在这些步骤中使用护套,以保护驱动器不受附近组织的影响,如那些熟练人员会理解的那样。
在图32中,已将一第二骨固定件340插入另一脊椎体350。虽然分别示出骨固定件100和340已插入相邻的脊椎体310和351,但是按照本实施例的、用于最小侵害性的脊柱固定的系统和方法还可应用于不相邻的脊椎体。例如,如以上所述一第一骨固定件可以位于一第一脊椎体内。一第二骨固定件可以位于与第一脊椎体分开一个或更多个居中的第三脊椎体的一第二脊椎体内。因此可以通过植入一连杆200连接第一和第二骨固定件。或者,一第三骨固定件可以位于在第一、第二脊椎体之间的一第三脊椎体内,例如用于产生如将要讨论的一三级融合系统(three level fusion system)。
图33示出了按照本发明的一实施例的引导金属丝插入装置300的外观。该引导金属丝插入装置包括一把手410和一中空通道针450。该把手410是可拆卸地连接于驱动器150的外适配件152。把手410在它的近端处412为叉形、各分叉设置有啮合于外适配件152的枢转孔153(图28)的枢转销一414。把手410的叉形近端412可以稍许扩展,以允许枢转销414啮合于枢转孔153。把手410在驱动器150的外适配件152的枢转孔153在它的枢转销414上摆动,用于将通道针450插入通过骨固定件100的横门孔116。
一中空的通道针450连接于把手410的远端416。在一实施例中,通道针450被设置在把手410的远端处的一孔418内。可以将一螺钉(未示出)拧入通过在把手410的远端处的一螺孔420,用于紧固在孔418内的通道针450。通道针450在孔418内的长度方向位置可以调节,以允许将通道针450对准于通过骨固定件100的横门孔116。在一实施例中,因为在体内插入通道针450期间遇到的障碍物可以朝它的曲率的内部和横门孔116的中心偏转针450,所以可以将通道针450对准为在比横门孔116的中心较低(朝向图2中的螺纹102)的一位置使它通过横门孔116。
在若干实施例中,通道针450的尖的、锥形的远端452终止在一孔454处。在一实施例中,通道针450设置有带螺纹的近端456,以后将详细叙述该近端的目的。
图34示出了按照一实施例的引导金属丝插入装置400的一柔性封闭性500。该封闭件500包括一管子502、在它的近端上的一螺纹盖504和在它的远端上的一塞子506。该管子502的尺寸被确定为使它密配合在中空的通道针450内的占据它的空腔的长度。该螺纹盖504可以用一有螺纹的路厄连接件制成,该连接件可以被紧固在通道针450的有螺纹的近端456上。塞子506可以由例如Loctile 3104等的一种粘接剂形成。封闭件500占据通道针450的内腔,当通道针450通过病人前进时使通道针内收集的组织或其它物质最少。
图35示出了连接于啮合一第一骨固定件100的一第一外适配件152的一第一引导金属丝插入装置400和连接于啮合一第二骨固定件340的外适配件152’的一第二引导金属丝插入装置400’。在一实施例中,两把手410和410’相对于外适配件152和152’枢转,分别使通道针450和450’通过病人的组织和朝向骨固定件100和340的横门孔116前进。图35还示出了按照一实施例的如以上参照图34所示的一封闭件500插入引导金属丝插入装置400的通道针450。较佳地,在通道针450插入病人体内之前封闭件500插入通道针450内和拧在它的有螺纹的近端456上。同样,另一封闭件500可以插入通道针450’内。
在本发明的一实施例中,引导金属丝插入装置400还包括在图36中所示的一引导金属丝陷落或捕获装置530。该金属丝捕获装置530包括同轴线地位于一外管534内的一内管532。该内管532设置有一内半锥面头部536,该外管534设置有一外半锥面头部538。内半锥面头部536可以卷折和缩进在外管534内。同样,外半锥面头部536可以卷折以易于它插入和通过中空通道针450的空腔。内半锥面头部536可以相对于外半锥面头部538转动定向,以形成引导金属丝捕获装置530的锥形漏斗,如图37所示。当一引导金属丝接触于引导金属丝捕获装置530的锥形漏斗540时,该引导金属丝被引入内管532的空腔542。引导金属丝收集装置530在所示实施例中还包括一把手544。
在图38中,通道针450前进通过骨固定件100的横门孔116,通道针450’前进通过骨固定件340的横门孔116。引导金属丝捕获装置530插入通过通道针450的空腔,并展开它的锥形漏斗540。引导金属丝368插入通过通道针450’的空腔,并朝引导金属丝捕获装置530的锥形漏斗540前进。当引导金属丝368接触于锥形漏斗540时,引导金属丝被引导进入引导金属丝捕获装置530的内管的空腔542内。
在图39内,引导金属丝368前进通过内管532的空腔542,直至它延伸通过引导金属丝捕获装置530的把手544。在该领域中已知有许多插入引导金属丝的方法,本发明不局限于本文所揭示的方法,而按照本发明恰可以使用该领域内熟练人员已知的插入引导一金属丝的任何方法。在放置引导金属丝368之后,可以拆去第一插入装置400和第二插入装置400’。
一柔性的或弯曲的骨钻具(未示出)可以引着引导金属丝368前进,以将骨固定件100和340的横门孔116之间的一路径弄干净。在一实施例中,装有钻头的骨钻具臂带有一定程度的柔性,以允许它沿着引导金属丝368的弧形路线前进。在另一实施例中,带有钻头的骨钻臂的曲率匹配于连杆200的曲率,这样就确保在骨固定件100和340的横门孔116之间被空出来的路径适配于连杆200。在使骨固定件100和340的横门孔116之间的一路径弄空出来之后从引导金属丝拆去骨钻具。
在图40中,示出了一连杆200的它的插入工具250设置在引导金属丝368上。以上已参照图4-6叙述了连杆200和插入工具250。在图40所示的实施例中连杆200和插入工具250较参照图4-6所述的连杆和插入工具设置有稍许不同的标记特征。再次参阅图40,连杆200在它的六角形近端202上设置有一个或多个凸起220。凸起220与插入工具250的远端处的一个或多个孔280互补。在图40中,从插入工具250拆下连杆200。以上已参照图4-6叙述了连杆200对插入工具250的连接。
在图41中,使用插入工具250使连杆200在引导金属丝368上朝骨固定件100和340前进。虽然在所示的实施例中从嘴侧的或骶骨的路径(尾至头)插入连杆200,但是在另一实施例中也可以从尾侧的路径(头至尾)插入连杆。
在图42中,连杆200插入通过骨固定件100和340内的相应的连接件104。以上已参照图2-3叙述了骨固定件100内的连接件104。在图43-44中,如以上参照图2-3所示,使用驱动器150的内适配件154将锁盖106紧固在骨固定件340内,将连杆200固定在骨固定件340内。驱动器150的外适配件152啮合于骨固定件340的头部,以在紧固锁盖时防止它转动。在骨固定件100的揭示范围内已参照图1-3叙述了在骨固定件340和驱动器150之间的啮合。
在图44中,从骨固定件340拉出驱动器150(包括外适配件152和内适配件154)。类似地紧固骨固定件100内的锁盖106,将连杆200固定在骨固定件100内。
在图45中,从连杆200拉出插入工具250。以上已参照图4-6讨论了将连杆200连接于插入工具250和从插入工具拆卸连杆。然后,从病人上拆去驱动器150、护套320和引导金属丝368。
图46示出了从上述手术过程所产生的、在适当位置中经皮组装的修复术,它包括骨固定件100、340和连杆200。
图47示出了三级修复术,它包括插入在另一附近的脊椎体内的另一骨固定件,以提供三级椎柱融合。
参阅图48和49,其中示出了本发明的一个可替换的实施例。图48示出了一修改的连杆200的侧视图。除了以下所述的之外,在图48中连杆200可以有如本文前面揭示的连杆的相同的总体尺寸和结构。在本文所揭示的所有连杆之中,连杆200包括在一近端402和一远端404之间延伸的一细长本体401。在打算用于一成人一级腰的或腰骶骨的融合的一装置中的本体401的长度通常在约30毫米至约90毫米的范围内。打算用于相同环境中的二级融合的一连杆200的长度通常在约50毫米至约110毫米范围内。
在具有一圆横剖面外形的本体401的实施例中,本体401的直径通常在约3毫米至约8毫米的范围内。在一实施例中,一两级融合装置中的本体401的直径约为6.35毫米。通常,可以表达为一圆形横剖面实施例的一直径的本体401的横剖面面积可以根据所完成的植入物的所需结构完整性而变化。
本体401的远端404可以设有到达一中央引导金属丝空腔(未示出)的一远端孔408。远端404还可以设置为前面讨论的锥形末端406。通常,该锥形末端406可有利于前进通过组织通道以及将本体401引入骨固定件。锥形末端406可以与本体401整体形成,或在随后的一生产步骤中连接于本体。
本体401通常带有一预制的曲线状,以致它形成为一弧的一部分,如图所示。在本发明的某实施例中,该弧沿着本体401的长度具有一大体不变的曲率半径。本体401的该曲率半径通常超过约19厘米,在许多实施例中在约8厘米至约30厘米的范围内。在本发明的打算用于两级融合的一实施例中,本体401的总长度约65厘米、直径约6.35厘米以及曲率半径约19厘米。
本体401的曲率半径可以等于或大致等于在以上所讨论的引导金属丝插入装置400中的中空通道针450的曲率半径。这样,该半径可以大致等于通道针450和枢转点414之间的距离,也等于把手410的有效的杠杆臂长度。这有利于连杆200沿着由通道针450所使用的或所产生的相同的弯曲的组织通道的引入。
图48所示的连杆不同于本文前面所示的实施例,它包括由本体401的外形中的一突变所形成的一不同的远端锁定表面410。在所示的实施例中,远端锁定表面410为本体401的横剖面积的增大的形式,例如本体401的外形的一球形的或弯曲的扩大。这个远端锁定表面410适合于与图49所示的一修改的骨固定件协作。
图49是骨固定件的近端和如图3A所示的一驱动器工具的远端的放大分解图,并从图49所示的实施例中省去了连接件104。取而代之的是:远端锁定表面410适合于插入通过横门孔116和定位在近端头部108内。锁盖106可以向远端前进拧入头部108,压靠于远端锁定表面410,并在许多角度方位中的任一方位中相对于连杆锁定骨固定件,如以上所讨论的那样。为此,头部108内的腔室的远端壁可以设置有一互补的弯曲表面,用于与远端锁定表面410协作。类似地,锁盖106上的远端表面可以是在远端方向凹入,用于增加在锁盖106和远端锁定表面410之间的接触表面积。
可以与近端骨固定件以及近端锁定表面412相结合使用一类似的锁定结构。一轴向可移动的管状套圈414携带了近端锁定表面412。在所示的实施例中,套圈414包括由连杆200的本体401所携带的轴向可动的一大致管状体。近端锁定表面412包括套圈414的横剖面积中的一球形的、半球形的、弯曲的或其它的放大部分,以提供在如所述的许多角度方位的整个范围内可以使用的一锁定表面。在近端锁定表面上可以设置一个或两个或三个或三个以上的轴向延伸狭槽416,以利于压缩该锁从一可滑动的方位到一可锁定的方位,在该锁定方位中它被压靠于本体401。在所示的实施例中,两个或多个轴向延伸的狭槽从该锁的远端向一近端方向延伸。
在使用中,连杆200沿着一引导金属丝、通过一管子或者通过第一和第二骨固定件向远端前进。对于处在远端骨固定件的近端头部108内的远端锁定表面410,紧固远端骨固定件的锁盖106以相对于远端骨固件锁定连杆200。然后,近端锁沿着插入工具和/或连杆200沿轴向朝远端前进,直至近端锁定表面412位于近端骨固定件的头部108内。紧固近端骨固定件的锁盖106以依靠着本体401而锁定近端锁定表面412。
近端锁可以许多方式中的任一方式,例如通过插入工具上携带的、可轴向移动的一推动套筒向远端前进沿着插入工具和/或连杆200向远端前进。
在一实施例中,近端骨固定件的横门孔116设置有带一第一直径的一近端开口和带一第二较小直径的远端开口。近端锁定表面412的外径尺寸相对于横门孔116被确定成使该外径能通过在横门孔116上的近端开口,但不能在远端通过横门孔116的远端开口。以这方式,临床医师能够在触觉方面感觉到近端锁已向远端前进进入头部108内的适当位置中的反馈信息。在远端骨固定件上也能够使用这相同的结构,从而可以实现远端锁定表面410的向远端前进,直至当远端锁定表面410位于头部108内时感觉到可靠地停止。驱动器可以设置有骨固定件的转动位置的标记。
在所有的上述实施例中,插入工具可以设置有带一曲率半径的弯曲的远端区,该曲率半径接近等于以上所述的连杆的曲率半径。这样,在一实施例中连杆200和插入工具的远端部设置有约12厘米半径的一弯曲段。这进一步促进了连杆和插入工具沿着弯曲的组织通道引入,同时当连杆200前进通过第一和第二骨固定件时对周围组织的伤害最小。
上述结构还使用于连杆200引入的经皮通道部位离开驱动器150的纵轴线为一预定距离。例如,在引导系统的一实施例中,弯曲针450的曲率半径约9厘米。这使经皮通道部位离开用于驱动器150的经皮进入部位约8厘米。用于连杆的经皮通道部位较佳地离开驱动器不大于约一个半径。这使组织通道的长度最小,这样由通道引起的对周围组织的伤害最小。
对于后部固定硬件的最小侵害性植入,不是全部上述步骤都是关键性的。因此,可以省略上述某些步骤或以不同于所揭示的顺序执行。并且,鉴于本文所揭示的内容,该领域的那些熟练人员可以考虑附加的步骤,而不脱离本发明的范围。
本发明考虑了上述的许多结构和方法组成部分的互换性和再组合。例如,使用本文在前面供参考而结合的共同待审批的专利申请中所揭示的手术步骤可以将引导金属丝通过相邻的骨固定件的横门孔定位。或者,可以使用本文所揭示的可枢转的引导系统对引导金属丝定位。作为又一可选用的方案,可以在引导金属丝上使一管状套筒前进并通过骨固定件100上的横门孔,然后拆去引导金属丝。然后可以使连杆200前进通过管状套筒。
可以利用手动插入工具250使连杆250前进,如本文所述。或者,使用在本文另一处所揭示的可释放的连接结构,可以可释放地将连杆200连接于一弯曲的可枢转的臂450的远端。以这方式,能够使用例如图33所示的可枢转的插入系统,用于将连杆200插入通过在一个或多个骨固定件100中的一个或多个横门孔116。
以上所述的许多材料、方法和技术提供了实现本发明的若干方式。当然,应该理解按照本文所述的任何特定的实施例不一定可以实现全部的目的或优点。从而,例如,该领域的熟练人员会认识到可以按照实现或优化本文所揭示的一个优点或一组优点的方式制造该系统的许多组成部分和实现许多方法,而不需要实现如本文教授的或建议的其它目的或优点。
虽然已参照某些较佳实施例叙述了本发明,但是考虑到本文所揭示的内容,包括在尺寸、结构和材料方面的变化的本发明的其它实施例对于该领域的熟练人员会是很显见的。此外,与本文的任何一实施例相关联讨论的所有特征可以适用于在本文中的其它实施例内。在不同实施例中对于类似特征所使用的不同术语或标号不意味着与可以表达的那些特征不同。因此,应该仅仅参照所附权利要求解释本发明,而不是将本发明局限于本文所揭示的较佳实施例。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于最小侵害性的后方固定的修复术组件,该组件包括:
一弯曲杆,它具有一近端和一远端,并在该近端上可释放地接合一骨固定件;以及
所述骨固定件,它设置有一可调节的连接件,所述可调节的连接件包括一锁,该锁用于在该弯曲杆和该骨固定件之间的许多角度方位中的任一方位处固定地接合于所述弯曲杆。
2.如权利要求1所述的修复术组件,其特征在于,还包括一第二骨固定件,它具有适合于固定啮合于所述杆的一连接件。
3.如权利要求1所述的修复术组件,其特征在于,骨固定件包括一头部和设置在所述头部内的一可转动的连接件,所述可转动的连接件适合于固定啮合于所述杆。
4.一种用于最小侵害性的后部固定的修复术,该修复术包括:
一骨固定件,它具有一头部;
一横门孔,该孔沿着横向于所述骨固定件的一中心线的一轴线延伸通过所述头部;
一根杆,它延伸通过所述横门孔;
一可转动的连接件,它位于所述头部内的一槽中并带有一孔;所述孔适合于固定啮合于所述杆;以及
一锁盖,它依靠着所述槽和在所述孔内的所述杆固定所述可转动的连接件。
5.如权利要求4所述的修复术,其特征在于,所述转动连接件还包括它的外部上的诸凹陷,这些凹陷适合与所述头部内的诸互补的凸起协作以限制所述转动连接件的转动。
6.如权利要求4所述的修复术,其特征在于,所述转动件还包括至少一压缩间隙。
7.如权利要求4所述的修复术,其特征在于,所述杆适合于可拆卸地固定于一插入工具,该插入工具将所述杆插入所述孔。
8.一种用于将一根引导金属丝插入通过一骨固定件的一横门孔的一引导金属丝引导器,该引导金属丝引导器包括:
一适配件,它与所述骨固定件的一中心线对齐;
一把手,它在一枢轴处连接于所述适配件;以及
一通道针,它在所述把手上并适合于插入通过所述骨固定件的所述横门孔。
9.如权利要求8所述的引导金属丝装置,其特征在于,还包括一封闭件。
10.如权利要求8所述的引导金属丝装置,其特征在于,还包括一引导金属丝捕获装置。
11.如权利要求10所述的引导金属丝装置,其特征在于,所述引导金属丝捕获装置还包括一可缩回的锥形漏斗。
12.一种用于将一根引导金属丝插入通过一骨固定件的一孔的一引导金属丝插入装置,该装置包括:
一中央臂,它适合于啮合所述骨固定件;
一径向臂,它在一枢轴处连接于所述中央臂;
一中空通道针,它固定于所述径向臂;
其中,所述径向臂在所述枢轴上枢转以运动所述通道针通过所述骨固定件的所述孔。
13.如权利要求12所述的引导金属丝插入装置,其特征在于,还包括一引导金属丝捕获装置。
14.如权利要求13所述的引导金属丝插入装置,其特征在于,所述引导金属丝捕获装置还包括一锥形接纳端,该锥形接纳端包括一个或多个局部锥形部分。
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CN102365057A (zh) * 2009-03-26 2012-02-29 克斯派因公司 用于矫正脊柱畸形的半限制型锚固系统
CN102365057B (zh) * 2009-03-26 2014-01-29 克斯派因公司 用于矫正脊柱畸形的半限制型锚固系统
CN102711632A (zh) * 2009-11-10 2012-10-03 史密夫和内修有限公司 组织修复器械
CN102711632B (zh) * 2009-11-10 2015-11-25 史密夫和内修有限公司 组织修复器械
CN105816235A (zh) * 2016-02-26 2016-08-03 邓宇 一种胸腰椎骨折后路微创钉棒固定皮外复位系统之旋臂刀
CN105832394A (zh) * 2016-02-26 2016-08-10 邓宇 一种胸腰椎骨折后路微创钉棒固定皮外复位系统

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US20070016194A1 (en) 2007-01-18
US7083621B2 (en) 2006-08-01
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US7473267B2 (en) 2009-01-06
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CA2535797A1 (en) 2005-03-03
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US20050038432A1 (en) 2005-02-17

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