CN1787783A - 用于贯穿和接合组织的装置 - Google Patents

用于贯穿和接合组织的装置 Download PDF

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CN1787783A
CN1787783A CNA2004800128283A CN200480012828A CN1787783A CN 1787783 A CN1787783 A CN 1787783A CN A2004800128283 A CNA2004800128283 A CN A2004800128283A CN 200480012828 A CN200480012828 A CN 200480012828A CN 1787783 A CN1787783 A CN 1787783A
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C·P·斯温
C·A·莫斯
A·D·A·弗里奇尔-雷文斯
T·N·米勒斯
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Abstract

提供一种装置供在将第一和第二组织层接合在一起时使用。装置包括一个导管(7),所述导管(7)具有一个可膨胀的囊(8),该囊(8)在靠近导管一端处安装在导管上。提供一个膨胀通道,所述膨胀通道处于与囊(8)的内部和与一膨胀流体源流体连通,用于将膨胀流体引入囊(8)内部。囊(8)膨胀并接合第一组织层面向外的表面,和一个组织接合构件,例如一个杯(10)或另一个囊,接合第二组织层的一个面向外的表面。从而把第一和第二组织层的面向内的表面推成相互接合。

Description

用于贯穿和接合组织的装置
本发明涉及用于贯穿和接合组织的方法和装置,更具体地说,涉及形成吻合。
在腹部和血管外科吻合术中,把空心结构接合在一起是一个重要的目标。在两个空心结构之间形成连续性的能力可以减轻由于癌、炎症或其它病理学原因而产生的阻塞,可以允许清除异常的组织或器官,及通过绕过阻塞段,可以允许食物运动不受妨碍或者促进血液或胆汁流过身体。
吻合最常见的是在打开腹部的外科手术(剖腹术)时使用。手缝吻合通常以用两层或甚至三层的方式被广泛实施,但耗费时间并需要大的切口供手接近。锁环式吻合尤其是在结肠外科手术中广泛实施,因为它们允许外科医生能清除低度直肠肿瘤。在难以用手放置缝针的部位处,短的直肠残留物可以接合到肿瘤上方的结肠上。因此使患者能痊愈而不需要永久的结肠造口术。腹外科O形钉(laparoscopicsurgery staplers)的出现使吻合能穿过1-2cm的切口形成,或者那样是刚好大到足够让这些器械在腹腔或胸腔内部通过。
一些形成吻合的工具已经研制出来。J.B.Murphy,一位十九世纪八十年代在芝加哥工作的美国外科医生,通过创造一种用于吻合术的压缩按钮装置使外科吻合普及。上述装置具有两个蘑菇形按钮,所述两个蘑菇形按钮可以放置在两个待接合的器官中。按钮可以通过蘑茹茎中的内部弹簧压在一起,而器官在按钮压在一起的部位处通过随后的局部缺血(缺少供血)焊接在一起。最后按钮装置不会进入内脏,同时留下吻合或孔,并穿过身体进入厕所。压缩按钮吻合术在打开结肠外科手术中仍然使用。还介绍了用磁铁来压缩组织以便形成吻合,及尤其是在直肠中应用了一种使用生物不连续式环(biofragmentablering)的弹簧压缩按钮法。
在标题为“作为挠性内窥镜检查的吻合术:压缩按钮胃空肠检查的实验研究”的论文中介绍了一种吻合操作工序,见C.P.Swain和T.N.Mills,Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 1991,37:625-631,在上述论文中,象它的标题一样,介绍了用一种挠性内窥镜形成吻合的方法。所介绍的方法包括将一个挠性内窥镜引入两个待接合的结构的其中之一(在这种情况下是胃)中,并通过在对象的腹中形成切口而插入两个结构的第二个(在这种情况下是小肠)中。本发明一方面针对在不需要构成这种外部切口的情况下形成吻合,但另一方面把这里所述使这成为可能的装置应用于构成这些切口的部位的吻合。
在不打开腹部或胸部的情况下使用挠性内窥镜或经皮操作工序,或者使用腹腔镜法形成吻合的能力尤其是对于进行性癌症患者或者在老年或体弱患者中可能有优点,上述患者可能承受常规外科手术的能力很差。尤其是,挠性内窥镜可以能从胃到小肠、十二指肠到胆囊、及小肠到结肠形成吻合。
国际专利公报PCT/GB 02/02168介绍了许多吻合装置的形式,上述吻合装置尤其是可以通过内窥镜使用,并且本申请针对还有另外的吻合装置形式,上述吻合装置可以简单而有效,并且很少要求用新型硬件方式。
按照本发明,提供了一种供用于把第一和第二组织层接合在一起的装置,所述装置包括:导管;可膨胀的囊,所述可膨胀的囊在导管的一端附近安装在该导管上;膨胀通道,所述膨胀通道与囊内部及与膨胀流体源成流体连通,用于将膨胀流体加入囊内部,囊当膨胀时适合于接合第一组织层的面向外的表面;及组织接合构件,所述组织接合构件适合于接合第二组织层的面向外的表面,由此促使第一和第二组织层的面向内的表面相互接合。
在附图中:
图1-7示意示出用按照本发明的装置形成吻合时的连续阶段;
图8示出上述各图中所示的那些装置的可供选择的吻合元件对;
图9a-9d示出供在本发明使用的锁紧元件的实施例;及
图10是图1-7中所示装置的另一种可供选择的类型的囊。
参见图1-7,吻合术在患者的胃壁(标有SW)和患者的小肠壁(标有SB)之间如下形成。然而,应该理解,如果吻合术是在某个另外地方,例如在胃和胆囊之间形成的话,则操作工序类似。
一个空心针1穿过一个回波内窥镜3的活组织检查通道2,上述回波内窥镜3在附图中简单地用一块体表示。回波内窥镜3具有用于形成一种在其中形成吻合术的区域的超声波图象的装置(未示出)。一个圆筒形附属物4(cylindrical tag)滑动式放入空心针1内,并将一根细线5的前端固定到附属物4上。细线从空心针分离出来,并因此穿过患者的口腔出来。附图示出针的前端部分切去,以便细线5而不是附属物可以穿过这个切去部分引出。然而,可供选择的是这个切去部分可以省去,在这种情况下细线从针的前端引出,并在通向患者口腔的路线上把前端的外部向后折起。如图1所示,针穿过胃壁,而针尖头穿过小肠壁。
如图2所示,附属物4从空心针1的端部排出。这是用一种推杆(未示出)实现的,所述推杆在附属物后部穿过空心针,然后一旦把附属物从针排出就将推杆收回。随着从空心针排出附属物,将一根导引线6穿过空心针,以使它的前端进入小肠。
然后留下穿过胃壁并进入小肠的导引线地收回针。然后,如图3中所示,一个导管7具有一个低轮廓的囊δ,所述囊8邻近导管尖头围绕一部分导管7,上述导管越过导引线,并向下穿过活组织检验通道2,以便导管7的载有囊的部分穿过胃壁并进入小肠。在导管穿过胃壁并进入小肠的通过过程中,通过实施吻合术操作工序的人把张力加到细线5上,以便附属物4将小肠壁拉动成与导管7待穿过的区域中的胃壁牢牢接触。尽管附属物4可能不总是很重要,但它至少有助于确保导管更容易通到图3所示的位置。
因为囊导管是很普通的,所以一种膨胀通道在导管内运行,与导引线通过的通道分开,并且穿过膨胀通道使一种流体转入囊8中,以使其膨胀。图4示出囊处于它的膨胀状态。
关于流体有各种可能性。流体可以是一种气体,例如空气,但优选的是流体是一种液体,因为避免液体漏泄更容易。在使用液体的地方,这种液体可以是水、盐水、或某种其它的生理上适用的液体。然而,有另外一些可能性。尤其是,可以使用一种材料来使囊膨胀,所述材料在引入时取液体形式,但随后变成固态。例如,可以加一种环氧树脂到囊中以使其膨胀,然后停留数分钟令其固化,或者可以通过随后加入一种硬化剂使树脂固化。可供选择地,所加入的材料可以通过用热量硬化,上述材料也可以是一种环氧树脂。这种热量可以用各种方法加到液体上,这些方法包括:
(i)提供一种带光纤的装置,所述光纤从患者体外的一个光源穿过导管7延伸到囊内部,在该处光纤的尖头涂黑,以便将到达尖头的光线转变成热量。
(ii)如果待变硬的液体导电,则液体可通过位于囊内部的一个双极式电极加热,上述双极式电极的各电极间隔一个短的距离,比如2mm,电极用导线连接到外部电源上,上述导线贯穿导管7。
(iii)象在(ii)中一样,但用一个二极管、电阻、热敏电阻或其它耗电元件代替双极式电极。
(iv)将一个同轴电缆从一外部微波源贯穿导管7进入囊内部、微波频率这样选定,以使引起囊内特定的液体加热。
可供选择地,可以使用一种通过用光硬化的液体。合适材料的一些例子在WO 01/50 974中公开,注意这些例子。光可以通过光纤引入到液体中,所述光纤象上面(i)中那样安排,但省去涂黑的尖头。
一旦囊膨胀,就通过在囊导管上拉动将囊往后拉,以便将胃壁和小肠很牢地压在一起。这如图5中所示,图5还示出固定到导管外部的元件11。元件11的用途在下面更详细涉及。
然后使一个杯形压缩装置10越过导管7和元件11地向下通过,上述杯形压缩装置10可从图6中见到,元件11是一种内锁紧元件。压缩装置取一种近似半球形形状,其中具有一个孔眼,所述孔眼尺寸大于内锁紧元件11的外径。在此之后有一个压缩弹簧12和一个外锁紧元件13。各元件10,12和13在导管7上通过一个内窥镜14的前端向下推动,沿着所述内窥镜14的活组织检验通道15通过有导管7。为此,外锁紧元件13的外径必需大于活组织检验通道15的直径。
内窥镜可以与上述内窥镜3相同,或者可以与其不同。在附图中,示出两种不同的内窥镜,它们在各自前端处具有不同的观察系统。尽管这具有一个优点是,对于操作工序第一部分的最佳观察系统对于操作工序后面部分来说可能不是最佳,当然始终用同一内窥镜更简单。如果做到那样,则可能更有利的是在操作工序的第一部分之后不必拉出内窥镜并在后面部分中将内窥镜重新插入,而这是当实施图1-7和9中所示的实施例时必需做的事情,因为压缩装置10和锁紧元件13太大,以致不能穿过活组织检验通道15。为了避免这个问题,可以把压缩装置制成伞状,上述伞状压缩装置可以折叠,以便使它穿过活组织检验通道,然后打开用作压缩装置。另外,可以把锁紧元件13制得更小,以便它将穿过活组织检验通道,然后可以不通过内窥镜端部而是通过一个辅助推动导管将锁紧元件13推动成与锁紧元件11(下面说明)接合,上述辅助推动导管可以使活组织检验通道向下越过导管7。
通过用内窥镜14的前端在外锁紧元件13上施加力,使杯形压缩元件压紧它接合的组织,因此它变成吻合形成装置的一个元件,另一个元件由囊8构成。弹簧12被迫压缩,而外锁紧元件13卡扣配合在内锁紧元件11上。在囊用气体或一种液体膨胀的地方,有时也可以能省去弹簧12,上述液体不固化,并且至少在某种程度上起一种弹簧作用。
锁紧元件11和13的实施例在图9a-9d中示出。图9b示出锁紧元件13处在它的静止位置,在此处可以见到锁紧元件13包括两个支腿20a和20b,所述两个支腿20a和20b被一个缝隙分开,并收尾于棘轮齿22a和22b。锁紧元件13用一种材料例如塑料制成,上述材料有足够弹性,以使锁紧元件12能压迫支腿分开,如图9c中所示,能使锁紧元件越过棘轮齿。一旦锁紧元件越过那些齿,则所述那些齿回弹并防止锁紧元件11通过它们被收回。如果希望的话,可以沿着导管7外部的长度部分设置多个锁紧元件11,以便可以根据待压缩的组织层厚度,及希望压缩那些层的程度,能将锁紧元件13保持在不同的位置。多个锁紧元件可以结合成一个单个部件,如图9d中标号11’所示。
如果囊中的液体是一种不固化的液体,比如水,则将导管密封,以便使囊不能解除膨胀。有各种不同方法将液体密封在囊内部。提供密封的一种方法是在囊的上游有一个单向阀。另一种可能性是用一种热熔体装满导管腔,当热熔体冷却并固化时,将把水密封在囊中。还有另一种可能性是通过同时压紧和加热导管进行热密封,而这样可以密封囊中的液体和切割导管。
当导管在其密封过程中未切割时,随后它可以用一个管道中的切断器或热金属线切割。因此情况如图7中所示。另一种使导管7的远端部分与近端部分分开的可能方法,是在导管中需要分开的位置处形成一个弱线,然后通过用内窥镜的远端或者用一个贯穿通道越过导管7的推动导管在锁紧元件13上推从而将两部分推开。不用弱线,导管7起初可以用两个分段制成,所述两个分段通过一个连接器(比如套管)连接,上述连接器仅是足够牢地将两个分段夹持在一起,以防止它们偶然分开。然后可以用上述用于设置弱线的情况时的方法将两个分段分开。
尽管附图示出一种一般是球形的囊,但有一些可供选择的囊形状可能是适用的。一种这样的形状是哑铃形,并且当用哑铃形囊代替囊8时,对于也是哑铃形而不是如图1-7中所示的杯形的第二吻合元件来说可能是有利的。图8示出一对哑铃形囊处在当它们形成吻合术时,亦即当组织压紧在它们之间时,它们所适合的位置中。如图8所示,有一第一对代替囊8的哑铃形囊20,和一第二对代替杯形元件10的哑铃形囊21。可以看出,这些对囊形成一个压紧组织的环形区域,所述环形区域是待形成吻合所需的环形区域。应该理解,在使用图8所示的安排时,起初将导管放置在合适位置和然后使囊20膨胀。一旦它们膨胀,则可以将导管向后拉,以使膨胀的囊20将压力施加在组织上,然后可以使囊21膨胀,以便从另一侧压紧组织。
还有另一种可能性是使用这样一种囊,所述囊当膨胀时的形状如图10中所示,并具有一个腔,所述腔大于它附接于其上的导管。利用这种类型囊的目的是得到比用别的方法可能达到的更大的吻合。图10示出一种囊100,所述囊100的形状是两个互连环的形状。囊100包围导管101,一根导引线102穿过导管101。囊被示出挤压组织103和104的两个层。囊通过一个膨胀管105膨胀,所述膨胀管105与导管101分开。对于加入囊的场合,囊可折叠在导管的外侧上并粘合到其一侧上。如果粘合度低,则囊在膨胀时与导管分开,然后可以取出导管,同时将囊留在与组织层有关的所希望的位置。可供选择地,较大的导管可以在折叠的囊上滑动,一旦囊处在合适位置,就可以将较大的导管拉出。在无论哪种情况下,在囊密封之后,或在囊中液体变成固体之后,视情况而定,随后必需将膨胀管105分离。
还应该注意,当本文涉及到安装在导管一端附近的导管上的可膨胀囊时,应该理解,囊可适当地位于导管的尖头处,即使达到这种程度以致囊的前端超出导管的前端一个短距离,比如说5mm。可供选择地,导管可以具有一个无囊的引入分段,所述无囊的引入分段可以延伸到囊的前端之外,比如说,20mm或甚至更多。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于将第一和第二组织层接合在一起的装置,所述装置包括:导管;可膨胀的囊,所述可膨胀的囊在导管一端附近安装在该导管上;膨胀通道,所述膨胀通道与囊内部及与膨胀流体源流体连通,用于将膨胀流体引入到囊内部,囊当膨胀时适合于接合第一组织层的面向外的表面;一个组织接合构件,上述组织接合构件适合于接合第二组织层的面向外的表面,从而促使第一和第二组织层的面向内的表面相互接合。
2.按照权利要求1所述的装置,其中膨胀流体是一种气体。
3.按照权利要求1所述的装置,其中膨胀流体是一种液体。
4.按照权利要求3所述的装置,其中上述液体是在引入到囊中之后保持液体形式的液体,装置还包括一个元件,所述元件用于在液体加入到囊中之后将囊密封。
5.按照权利要求4所述的装置,其中上述液体从由水和盐水组成的组中选定。
6.按照权利要求4所述的装置,其中上述液体是一种能在引入到囊中之后变成固体的液体。
7.按照权利要求6所述的装置,其中上述液体能通过对其加热变成固体,装置还包括一用于对液体加热的加热元件。
8.按照权利要求6所述的装置,其中上述液体能通过对其照射光变成固体,装置还包括一用于对液体照射光的元件。
9.按照权利要求6所述的装置,其中上述液体是一种在对其加一种硬化剂时变成固体的物质,装置还包括一个硬化剂源。
10.按照任何上述权利要求所述的装置,包括一个锁紧系统,所述锁紧系统用于将上述组织接合构件保持成与第二组织层向外接合的表面接合。
11.按照权利要求10所述的装置,其中锁紧系统包括一个弹性件,所述弹性件用于将上述组织接合构件弹性推动成上述接合。
12.按照权利要求10或11所述的装置,其中锁紧系统安排成在囊和上述组织接合元件之间的多个不同空间处提供锁紧。
13.按照任何上述权利要求所述的装置,其中上述组织接合元件也是一种可膨胀的囊。
14.按照权利要求1-12其中之一所述的装置,其中上述囊和上述组织接合构件是一个单个囊结构的两个部分。
15.按照权利要求1-13其中之一所述的装置,其中上述膨胀通道限定在上述导管内。
16.按照权利要求14所述的装置,其中上述膨胀通道与导管分开。
17.一种将第一和第二组织层接合在一起的方法,包括:将一根导管的远端部分穿过所述各层,上述导管的远端部分具有一个安装于其上的囊;使囊膨胀,并使囊与第一组织层的表面接合;及使一个组织接合构件与第二组织层的一个表面接合,从而促使第一和第二组织成相互接合。
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US20060167482A1 (en) 2006-07-27
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