CN1785976A - 一类n-烃基青藤碱及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一类n-烃基青藤碱及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1785976A CN1785976A CN200510123089.1A CN200510123089A CN1785976A CN 1785976 A CN1785976 A CN 1785976A CN 200510123089 A CN200510123089 A CN 200510123089A CN 1785976 A CN1785976 A CN 1785976A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- KUECBJOPWMRHEX-CQSZACIVSA-N (-)-Tuduranine Natural products C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2C2=C(OC)C(OC)=CC3=C2[C@@H]1NCC3 KUECBJOPWMRHEX-CQSZACIVSA-N 0.000 claims description 98
- KUECBJOPWMRHEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tuduranine Natural products C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2C2=C(OC)C(OC)=CC3=C2C1NCC3 KUECBJOPWMRHEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 79
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 sec.-propyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical class [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241001643409 Sinomenium acutum Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- QOPVNWQGBQYBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethyl chloroformate Chemical compound CC(Cl)OC(Cl)=O QOPVNWQGBQYBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-BQYQJAHWSA-N diethyl azodicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\N=N\C(=O)OCC FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003934 aromatic aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003997 cyclic ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004850 cyclobutylmethyl group Chemical group C1(CCC1)C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004186 cyclopropylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomethyl Chemical compound O=[CH] CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- INYYVPJSBIVGPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 14-episinomenine Natural products C1CN(C)C2CC3=CC=C(OC)C(O)=C3C31C2C=C(OC)C(=O)C3 INYYVPJSBIVGPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- RARWEROUOQPTCJ-RBUKOAKNSA-N cepharamine Natural products C1CC2=CC=C(OC)C(O)=C2[C@@]2(CCN3C)[C@]13C=C(OC)C(=O)C2 RARWEROUOQPTCJ-RBUKOAKNSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229930002966 sinomenine Natural products 0.000 abstract description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- SZUVGFMDDVSKSI-WIFOCOSTSA-N (1s,2s,3s,5r)-1-(carboxymethyl)-3,5-bis[(4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl-propylcarbamoyl]cyclopentane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@](CC(O)=O)([C@H](C(=O)N(CCC)CC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)C1)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)N(CCC)CC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 SZUVGFMDDVSKSI-WIFOCOSTSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012347 Morris Water Maze Methods 0.000 description 1
- 240000001307 Myosotis scorpioides Species 0.000 description 1
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一类N-烃基青藤碱以及其制备方法,该N-烃基青藤碱具有潜在的药物应用前景。本发明包含的化合物结构式如图,结构式中,R=乙基、丙基、丁基、异丙基、烯丙基等直链烃基;或是环戊基、环己基、环庚基等环状烃基;或是β-氟乙基、环丙基甲基、环丁基甲基、苯甲基、吡啶甲基、呋喃甲基、β-苯基乙基、α-甲基苄基、烷氧甲酰甲基、吡唑甲基等取代烃基。本发明包括对青藤碱结构式中17(N)位进行去甲基化后再进行烃基化,得到衍生化合物。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及有机化合物及其制法,具体地说是涉及一类青藤衍生物及其制备方法。本发明所提供的化合物具有潜在的药物应用前景。
二、背景技术
青藤碱(sinomenine)是从防风己科植物青风藤及毛青藤的根茎中提取的吗啡(morphine)类生物碱。据有关文献记载(CN98120549,1142946,1149456,US9903753),具有抗炎、镇痛、降压、抗心律失常等药理活性,临床主要用于治疗类风湿性关节炎、脑缺血、神经功能失调等症状。
最近的研究(WO2004048340)发现青藤碱及其衍生物(采用小鼠Morris watermaze test,Social recognition test,NaNO2 induced anoxia test)还具有益智、保护神经等功能。
在专利CN.1153171中,报道了青络锗-金属锗的青藤碱配合物作为广谱抗癌药物,具有毒副作用小、不降低人体免疫功能、有效抑瘤的优点。CN.02137445.7报道了青藤碱磷脂复合物用于治疗风湿性关节炎、心律失常。该专利指出复合物具有较母体药物更强的亲脂性,其抗炎活性显著提高。
对N-去甲基青藤碱的研究表明N-去甲基青藤碱与青藤碱相比具有更高的生理活性并指出其活性与水溶性有一定的关联,其盐、酚酯衍生物具有治疗功能失调、风湿性关节炎等作用。(US9903753、US6372756)。
叶仙蓉等(药学学报,2004,39(3),180-183)对含羰基环进行了修饰得到了系列化合物,与青藤碱相比,采用巴豆油致小鼠耳胀法发现与羰基共轭的双键被饱和时(7-甲氧基-7,8-双氢青藤碱)的活性保持,而对小鼠醋酸扭体法试验中该化合物的镇痛活性优于青藤碱。
纵观上述文献,有关青藤碱衍生物的制备及生物活性报道较少,对其结构中17位(N)进行衍生化的研究几近于无。在对吗啡(morphine)类药物及benzomorphan类化合物的诸多药理研究表明N取代基的改变对其与受体作用方式及生物活性影响极大。
三、发明内容
本发明的主要目的是对青藤碱结构式中17(N)位进行去甲基化后再进行烃基化衍生,来寻找药效作用更强、毒副作用小的新原料药-一类N-烃基青藤碱,及其制备方法。
一类N-烃基青藤碱,其化合物结构式如下:
其中R=乙基、丙基、丁基、异丙基、烯丙基等直链烃基;或是环戊基、环己基、环庚基等环状烃基;或是β-氟乙基、环丙基甲基、环丁基甲基、苯甲基、吡啶甲基、呋喃甲基、β-苯基乙基、α-甲基苄基、烷氧甲酰甲基、吡唑甲基等取代烃基。
N-烃基青藤碱的化学合成过程如下:
一类N-烃基青藤碱的制备方法,其制备步骤如下:
(1)、4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物IV)的制备:在三口烧瓶中依次加入青藤碱(III)、三苯基膦、苄醇和足够量的溶剂,开动搅拌,0-20℃下滴加偶氮二甲酸二乙酯,0.5-2hr内加完,取去冰浴,继续搅拌至反应结束得到4-苄氧基青藤碱,收率80-99%;其中三苯基膦、苄醇、偶氮二甲酸二乙酯的用量在1.5-5.0倍于青藤碱III(mol),所用溶剂包括四氢呋喃、甲苯、或两者的混合物;
(2)、N-去甲基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物V)的制备:4-苄氧基青藤碱,用溶剂溶解,然后在缚酸剂存在下与氯甲酸-1-氯乙酯反应,得到N-(1-氯乙氧甲酰基)青藤碱;其中所用溶剂包括1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿、二氯甲烷、丙酮、甲苯等非质子溶剂;缚酸剂包括碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾等碱金属碳酸盐,其用量为(化合物VI)用量的1.0-6.0倍(质量);氯甲酸-1-氯乙酯用量为(化合物VI)用量的0.1-3倍(质量);
上步反应处理得到的剩余物直接加入到足够量的绝对甲醇中,氮气保护下加热回流得到N-去甲基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物V)及其盐酸盐混合物,此混合物以氯仿分散,碳酸氢钠溶液中和得到定量收率的N-去甲基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物V);其中甲醇既作为反应物又作为溶剂,且必须是绝对甲醇;
(3)、N-苄基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(VI)的制备:
N-去甲基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物V)用溶剂溶解后,在缚酸剂的存在下,以溴化苄苄基化得到N-苄基-4-苄氧基青藤碱;其中反应溶剂包括丙酮、氯仿、DMF等;溴化苄用量在1.0-5.0倍(mol),缚酸剂可以是三乙胺、吡啶等有机碱或碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾等碱金属碳酸盐,其用量是化合物V用量的在1-8倍(mol),以1.5-4.0倍最佳;反应温度在0-80℃;
(4)、N-去甲基青藤碱(VII)的制备:
N-苄基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物VI)以无水乙醇溶解,加入环己烯、钯催化剂,在氮气保护下回流脱苄,得到N-去甲基青藤碱(化合物VII);其中钯催化剂包括5%Pd/C、10%Pd/C、或20%Pd(OH)2/C,其用量是化合物VI用量的0.1-1倍(质量),以0.4-0.8倍为最佳;环己烯的用量是化合物VI用量的1.0-10倍(质量);
(5)、N-烃基青藤碱的制备:
方法a:N-去甲基青藤碱(化合物VII),醛或酮,以甲醇溶解,0℃-40℃下加入还原剂,0-80℃反应1-24hr,得N-烃基青藤碱(化合物I)。其中醛可以是芳香醛、脂肪醛;酮可以是位阻允许的甲基酮、环酮等,醛、酮的用量是化合物V用量的1-5倍,而以1.2-2.0为最佳,还原剂可以是NaBH3(CN)、甲酸,还原剂用量是化合物V用量的1-8倍量,以2-4倍最佳;
方法b:N-去甲基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物V),以极性非质子溶剂溶解,加入卤代物、缚酸剂,加热回流,TLC跟踪至反应完全,常规处理得N-烃基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物VI),收率70-100%;其中极性非质子溶剂包括乙氰、氯仿、二氯甲烷、丙酮、DMF等;卤代物可以是氯代物、溴代物或碘代物,其用量是化合物V用量的在1-5倍,而以1.1-2.0倍用量最佳;缚酸剂可以是三乙胺、吡啶等有机碱或碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾等碱金属碳酸盐,其用量是化合物V用量的1-8倍,以2-4倍最佳。
一类N-烃基青藤碱如结构式所包含的部分化合物名称编号及其物化常数见下表:
注:化合物14中带*为手性炭原子,因其所用原料为非手性源,所以得到的化合物14为一对非对映体,1HNMR谱图显示两非对映异构体比例为1∶1。
本发明所供化合物及重要中间体均经过IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、EI-MS及元素分析。
四、具体实施方式
实施例1 N-正丙基青藤碱(化合物13)的制备,其制备步骤如下:
(1)4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物IV)(参照Yukiohitotsuyanagi,J.Org.Chem.,1995,60,4549-58.)的制备,在100ml三口烧瓶中依次加入1.65g青藤碱(III),4.08g三苯基膦、1.6g苄醇和40ml绝对四氢呋喃,开动搅拌,冰浴冷却至0℃下滴加2.65g偶氮二甲酸二乙酯,30min内加完,取去冰浴,继续搅拌以TLC跟踪反应的进度。约12hr后反应结束。减压旋去溶剂,以硅胶色谱柱装柱,依次用乙酸乙酯、及6∶1的氯仿/甲醇淋洗,得到2.0g 4-苄氧基青藤碱,收率95.2%:mp 128.0-129.0℃;[α]25 D-222.0°(c=0.87CH2Cl2);1HNMR(300MHz,DCCl3)δ7.61(dd,2H,J=7.1Hz.),7.44-7.29(m,3H),6.79(d,1H,J=8.4Hz.),6.76(d,1H,J=8.4Hz.),5.52(d,1H,J=1.5Hz.),5.30(d,1H,=12.0Hz.),5.12(d,1H,J=12.0Hz.),4.18(d,1H,J=16.0Hz.),3.81(s,3H),3.53(s,3H),3.19(s,1H),2.99(d,2H,J=17.6Hz.),2.82-2.75(dd,1H,J=5.1,17.6Hz.),2.51-2.45(m,2H),2.44(s,3H),1.99(dd d,1H,J=4.3,11.4,11.4Hz.),1.86-1.83(m,2H)。
(2)N-去甲基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物V)的制备:(参照R.A.Olofson,J.Org.Chem.49(11),2081-2082)。
1.0g4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物IV)以20ml 1,2-二氯乙烷溶解,加入碳酸氢钠4.0g,搅拌下冷却到0℃,滴加0.5ml的氯甲酸-1-氯乙酯,保温1-2hr,撤去冰水浴,升温至微回流0.5-1hr,TLC(乙酸乙酯展开)跟踪反应至完全。冷却到室温,过滤,旋去溶剂。所得中间产物不经精制,直接加入到20ml绝对甲醇中,氮气保护下加热回流15min,TLC检测反应完全,减压旋去溶剂,所得产品为N-去甲基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物V)及其盐酸盐,以20ml氯仿分散,10%碳酸氢钠溶液中和得到定量收率的化合物V;mp 80.0℃;1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.61(d,2H,J=7.1Hz.),7.44-7.33(m,3H),6.78(s,2H),5.48(d,1H,J=1.7Hz.),5.29(d,1H,J=11.1Hz.),5.09(d,1H,J=11.1Hz.),4.16(d,1H,J=16.0Hz.),3.82(s,3H),3.52(s,3H),3.48-3.45(t,1H),3.28-3.20(m,1H),2.94(s,1H),2.83-2.70(m,2H),2.48(d,2H,J=16.0Hz.),2.10(broad,1H),1.86(d,1H,J=12.1Hz.),1.69(dd d,1H,J=4.6,12.0,12.0Hz.);
(3)、N-苄基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(VI)的制备:
100mgN-去甲基-4-苄氧基青藤碱以10ml丙酮溶解,加入50mg无水碳酸钾及56mg溴化苄,回流4hr,冷却过滤,减压蒸去溶剂,剩余物以硅胶柱层析2∶1乙酸乙酯/石油醚淋洗,得到110mgN-苄基-4-苄氧基青藤碱;1HNMR(300MHz,DCCl3)δ7.62(d,2H,J=7.2Hz),7.44-7.29(m,8H),6.83(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.78(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),5.46(s,1H),5.28(d,1H,J=10.1Hz),5.11(d,1H,J=10.1Hz),4.18(d,1H,J=15.9Hz),3.83(s,3H),3.79(d,1H,J=10.5Hz),3.67(d,1H,J=10.5Hz),3.49(s,3H),3.20(s,1H),3.10-3.02(m,2H),2.81-2.72(m,2H),2.56(m,1H),2.48(d,1H,J=15.9Hz),2.11-2.01(m,1H),1.87-1.83(m,2H);
(4)、N-去甲基青藤碱(VII)的制备:
90mg N-苄基-4-苄氧基青藤碱以5ml无水乙醇分散,加入0.1ml环己烯、40mg5%Pd/C,在氮气保护下回流以TLC检测全部转变为最终稳定产物,过滤除去催化剂,减压蒸去溶剂及过量的环己烯,甲醇重结晶得到N-去甲基青藤碱;mp80.0-85.0℃;1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ6.70(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.55(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),5.99(br,1H),5.46(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),5.56(d,1H,J=15.6Hz),3.82(s,3H),3.50(s,3H),3.48-3.43(m,1H),3.22-3.14(m,1H),2.97-2.2.89(m,2H),2.80-2.74(m,2H),2.66-2.57(m,2H),2.48(d,1H,J=15.6Hz),1.95-1.90(m,2H),1.79-1.71(m,1H)。
(5)、N-丙基青藤碱(化合物13)的制备:(参照William K.Brewster,J.Med.Chem.1995,38,318-27)。100mgN-去甲基青藤碱(化合物V),30mg丙醛,以10ml甲醇溶解,冰水浴加入50mgNaBH3(CN),搅拌1hr,TLC检测反应完全。加水20ml,以氯仿萃取,无水MgSO4干燥,减压旋去溶剂以硅胶色谱柱精制,得110mgN-丙基-4-苄氧基青藤碱。mp 141.0-143.0℃;[α]25D+108.7°(c=0.41 CH2Cl2);1HNMR(300MHz,DCCl3)δH6.65(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.54(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),5.46(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),4.35(d,1H,J=15.6Hz),3.80(s,3H),3.48(s,3H),3.42-3.37(m,1H),3.11(m,1H),2.97(d,1H,J=18.3Hz),2.82-2.72(m,2H),2.60-2.53(m,2H),2.47(d,1H,J=15.6Hz),2.13-2.00(m,1H),1.96-1.92(m,2H),1.60(q,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.93(t,2H,J=7.5Hz).13CNMR(300MHz,DCCl3)δC194.14,152.77,145.49,145.13,130.07,122.75,118.66,115.06,109.51,57.20,56.45,55.27,55.18,49.33,46.13,45.45,41.17,35.88,25.16,20.58,12.26.
实施例2 N-环己基青藤碱(化合物4)的制备:
40mg N-去甲基青藤碱(VII)以5ml甲醇溶解,加入30mg环己酮,20mgNaBH3CN室温搅拌16hr,加入水20ml,以CHCl3提取三次,水洗,无水硫酸镁干燥,减压蒸去溶剂,以乙醚重结晶得到N-环己基青藤碱。mp 130.4-132.9℃;[α]25 D+50.0°(c=0.08 CH2Cl2);1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ6.65(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.55(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),5.99(s,1H),5.47(s,1H),4.35(d,1H,J=15.6Hz),3.82(s,3H),3.56(m,1H),3.50(s,3H),3.02(m,1H),2.94-2.88(m,2H),2.80-2.73(m,1H),2.46(d,1H,J=15.6Hz),2.40(m,1H),2.05-1.98(m,1H),1.98-1.79(m,6H),1.27-1.22(m,6H)。
实施例3 N-(1′-丙酮基)青藤碱(化合物9)的制备:(参照US.2003/0073716A1)按实施例2中制得N-去甲基青藤碱(化合物VII)63mg,以5ml丙酮溶解,加入20mg一氯代丙酮、30mg无水K2CO3,加热回流,TLC跟踪至反应完全,过滤并减压除去溶剂,硅胶制备板分离得N-(1′-丙酮基)青藤碱(化合物9):mp 147.2-148.0℃,[α]25 D 53°(c=0.21CH2Cl2);1HNMR(300MHz,DCCl3)δH 6.65(d,1H,J=8.3Hz),6.54(d,1H,J=8.3Hz),5.99(s,1H),5.44(d,1H,J=1.5Hz),4.36(d,1H,J=15.6Hz),3.82(s,1H),3.49(s,1H),3.44(d,1H,J=17.1Hz),3.29(d,1H,J=17.1Hz),3.25(m,1H),3.12(s,1H),2.98-2.70(m,2H),2.57-2.53(m,1H),2.47(d,1H,J=15.6Hz),2.21(s,3H),2.18-2.10(m,1H),1.96-1.91(m,2H)。
Claims (8)
1、一类N-烃基青藤碱,其化合物结构式如下:
其中R=乙基、丙基、丁基、异丙基、烯丙基等直链烃基;或是环戊基、环己基、环庚基等环状烃基;或是β-氟乙基、环丙基甲基、环丁基甲基、苯甲基、吡啶甲基、呋喃甲基、β-苯基乙基、α-甲基苄基、烷氧甲酰甲基、吡唑甲基等取代烃基。
2、一种制备权利要求1所述一类N-烃基青藤碱的制备方法,其制备步骤如下:
(1)、4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物IV)的制备:在三口烧瓶中依次加入青藤碱(III)、三苯基膦、苄醇和溶剂,开动搅拌,在0-20℃下滴加偶氮二甲酸二乙酯,0.5-2hr内加完,取去冰浴,继续搅拌至反应结束得到4-苄氧基青藤碱,收率80-99%;
(2)、N-去甲基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物V)的制备:取4-苄氧基青藤碱,加溶剂溶解,然后在缚酸剂存在下与氯甲酸-1-氯乙酯反应,得到N-(1-氯乙氧甲酰基)青藤碱,上步反应的剩余物直接加入到甲醇中,氮气保护下加热回流得到N-去甲基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物V)及其盐酸盐混合物,此混合物以氯仿分散,碳酸氢钠溶液中和得到定量收率的N-去甲基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(化合物V);
(3)、N-苄基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(VI)的制备:
取N-去甲基-4-苄氧基青藤碱,用溶剂溶解,在缚酸剂存在下以溴化苄苄基化得到N-苄基-4-苄氧基青藤碱VI;
(4)、N-去甲基青藤碱(VII)的制备:
N-苄基-4-苄氧基青藤碱(VI)用无水乙醇溶解,加入环己烯、钯催化剂,在氮气保护下回流脱苄,得到N-去甲基青藤碱(化合物VII);
(5)、N-烃基青藤碱的制备:
方法a:N-去甲基青藤碱(化合物VII),醛或酮,以甲醇溶解,0℃-40℃下加入还原剂,0-80℃反应1-24hr,得N-烃基青藤碱(化合物I);
方法b:N-去甲基青藤碱(化合物VII),以极性非质子溶剂溶解,加入卤代物、缚酸剂,加热回流,TLC跟踪至反应完全,常规处理得N-烃基青藤碱(化合物I),收率70-100%。其中极性非质子溶剂可以是乙氰、氯仿、二氯甲烷、丙酮、DMF等;卤代物可以是氯代物、溴代物或碘代物,其用量在1-5倍,而以1.1-2.0倍用量最佳;缚酸剂可以是三乙胺、吡啶等有机碱或碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾等碱金属碳酸盐,其用量在1-8倍,以2-4倍最佳。
3、根据权利要求2所述的-类N-烃基青藤碱的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中三苯基膦、苄醇、偶氮二甲酸二乙酯的用量是青藤碱(mol)量的1.5-5.0倍,所述的溶剂是四氢呋喃、甲苯、或两者混合物。
4、根据权利要求2所述的一类N-烃基青藤碱的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述的溶剂包括1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿、二氯甲烷、丙酮、甲苯;缚酸剂为金属碳酸盐,包括碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾,其用量是4-苄氧基青藤碱量的1.0-6.0倍,氯甲酸-1-氯乙酯用量是4-苄氧基青藤碱量的0.1-3倍。
5、根据权利要求2所述的一类N-烃基青藤碱的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(3)中所述的溶剂包括丙酮、氯仿、DMF,溴化苄用量是N-苄基-4-苄氧基青藤碱量的1.0-5.0倍,所述的缚酸剂是三乙胺、吡啶等有机碱,或是碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾等碱金属碳酸盐,其用量是N-苄基-4-苄氧基青藤碱用量的1-8倍,最佳为1.5-4.0;反应温度在0-80℃。
6、根据权利要求2所述的一类N-烃基青藤碱的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)中所述的钯催化剂包括5%-10%Pd/C、或10-20%Pd(OH)2/C,其用量是N-去甲基青藤碱(VII)用量的0.1-1倍,最佳为0.4-0.8倍,所述环己烯的用量是N-去甲基青藤碱(VII)用量的1.0-10倍。
7、根据权利要求2所述的一类N-烃基青藤碱的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(5)中所述的醛是芳香醛或脂肪醛;酮包括甲基酮、环酮;醛和酮的用量是化合物V用量的1-5倍,而以1.2-2.0倍为最佳;所述的还原剂包括NaBH3(CN)、甲酸,其用量是N-去甲基青藤碱(化合物VII)用量的1-8倍,最佳为2-4倍。
8、根据权利要求2所述的N-烃基青藤碱的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(5)方法b中所述的极性非质子溶剂包括乙氰、氯仿、二氯甲烷、丙酮、DMF;所述卤代物包括氯代物、溴代物或碘代物,其用量是N-去甲基青藤碱用量的1-5倍,所述缚酸剂的用量是N-去甲基青藤碱用量的1-8倍,最佳为2-4倍。
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