CN1767845A - 丙型肝炎治疗用组合物 - Google Patents
丙型肝炎治疗用组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1767845A CN1767845A CNA2004800057589A CN200480005758A CN1767845A CN 1767845 A CN1767845 A CN 1767845A CN A2004800057589 A CNA2004800057589 A CN A2004800057589A CN 200480005758 A CN200480005758 A CN 200480005758A CN 1767845 A CN1767845 A CN 1767845A
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Abstract
本发明通过给予由南瓜子、红花、车前草及忍冬形成的组合物,不仅使丙型慢性肝炎患者的自觉症状,例如全身倦怠感及腹胀感消失,还可使医生诊断的他觉症状,例如肝肿大及手掌红斑等现象减轻或消失。另外,投予上述组合物1个月后至3个月后,因为丙型肝炎病毒RNA量逐渐明显减少,因此本发明的组合物至少作为丙型慢性肝炎治疗用组合物有效。对丙型慢性肝炎患者中的丙型慢性肝炎病毒RNA量为高值的患者特别有用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及丙型肝炎治疗用组合物。具体涉及减少丙型慢性肝炎病毒RNA量用组合物,改善或减轻丙型慢性肝炎症状用组合物,抑制丙型慢性肝炎的肝硬化用组合物及这些组合物的调制方法。
背景技术
导致丙型肝炎的原因为丙型肝炎病毒(HCV RNA病毒),例如通过血液等体液感染。
丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)因其基因型可分类为几种亚型。大致上可将HCV株分类为1至6型,作为亚型将它们记为a、b及c等,使用命名为1a、1b、2a、2b、3a及3b等的分类法(例如,加藤宣之编著:丙型肝炎病毒,IPC株式会社,东京,2000,168页)。
如果感染HCV,虽约60%的人经过1至2个月的潜伏期会引发急性肝炎,但丙型肝炎的肝功能障碍或症状多较轻微,在急性肝炎的发病时期并不明确。丙型急性肝炎以高比率(60至70%)进展成慢性肝炎。该慢性肝炎的AST[天冬氨酸转氨酶(也称为GOT;谷氨酸—草酰乙酸转氨酶)]及ALT[丙氨酸转氨酶(也称为GPT;谷氨酸—丙酮酸转氨酶)]显示异常值,在2至3年间该数值暂时接近正常值范围或恢复至正常值范围。此状态因为持续数年至十年,所以有时感染HCV10年以上才被诊断为丙型慢性肝炎。在20至30年间肝细胞重复地慢性坏死及炎症反应中,由肝炎进展成肝硬化,再过10年则进展为肝癌(例如,熊谷直树:丙型肝炎,参考「每日生活」2002年9月号第23页,读卖新闻社,2002年发行)。
丙型慢性肝炎者中,认为有自觉症状的仅限活动期。症状为全身倦怠感,易疲劳感、饮食不振、恶心或呕吐等。如果进展为肝硬化,则伴随自觉症状的患者比率约上升至80%,附加腹部膨胀感或皮肤搔痒感等症状。还发现有腹痛或吐血或便血等症状。他觉症状中最常见的是肝肿大,频率约为6成,其它出现如肝左叶肿大、脾肿、水肿、腹水、手掌红斑或黄疸等症状(例如,加藤宣之编著:丙型肝炎病毒,IPC株式会社,东京,2000,189页)。
丙型肝炎的一般治疗方法是使肝功能正常化,使肝炎停止发展及抑制病情发展。基于即使病毒在体内存在、但只要能抑制肝炎就能抑制病情发展的想法,以改善及减弱肝炎症状为目的,广泛进行服用乌索脱氧胆酸(熊胆所含成分)、小柴胡汤(柴胡、黄蓍、半夏、(干)生姜、人参、大枣及甘草这7种生药所煎制成的中药配方)、以含甘草成分的甘草酸为主体的制剂[强力neominophagen-C(SNMC)](商品名)的疗法。
然而,为阻止病情的发展,一直努力地进行以排除体内HCV为目的的[干扰素(IFN)疗法]开发。作为抗病毒剂所使用的IFN有α及β两种,被使用的有nIFNα(天然型干扰素α)、recombinant IFNα(基因重组型干扰素α)、nIFNβ(天然型干扰素β)及consensus IFNα[复合干扰素α:干扰素αcon-1(基因重组)]。有报告使用这些IFN而完全除去病毒的有效例及改善一般肝功能的有效例,另外,也确认使用IFN降低肝癌的发病率的抑制病情发展的效果。
作为对HCV显现抗病毒作用的IFN以外的物质,可例举乳铁蛋白。乳铁蛋白是在1根聚肽链上结合了由半乳糖或甘露糖等形成的糖链的分子量约为80,000的糖蛋白质,属于铁结合性反式家族(trans-family)。认为乳铁蛋白的作用机制是中和存在细胞外的病毒而使其不能感染。
此外,揭示了通过在饲料中添加一种以上的南瓜子(Cucurbita moschata)、车前草或忍冬,可特别防止寄生虫、细菌及病毒病的自然感染,强化生体的防御力,且改善肉质及蛋品质量的技术。另外,揭示了配有南瓜子、车前草、忍冬及红花这4种生药的饲料可提高产蛋鸡的健康状态、存活率及蛋品质量,以及抗白细胞虫病效果、鹌鹑的抗新城病效果、抑制肠内球虫及葡萄球菌数的效果(例如,参考美国专利5,882,672号公报)。
此外,揭示了来自日本南瓜等瓜科植物的干扰素诱导剂的制造方法(例如,参考美国专利4,421,746号公报)。报告虽指出西洋南瓜(苏丹药用植物)的甲醇萃取物显示抗HCV蛋白酶抑制效果,其抑制活性为47.4±0.0%,但该文献中对于减少体内丙型肝炎病毒并未揭示也无提示(PhytochemistryResearch(2000)14,510-516)。另外,虽然不知道车前草(Plantago major L.)是否对丙型肝炎的治疗有用,但有将其用于对抗肝炎病毒的报告例,但是对于实际上是否有效并未揭示也无提示(American Journal of ChineseMedicine,(1990)Vol.XVIII,Nos.1-2,pp.35-43)。此外,揭示了由红花萃取的干扰素诱导剂的抗病毒活性及抗肿瘤活性(例如,参考美国专利4,456,597号)。另外,揭示了由金银花或车前子等萃取干扰素诱导剂,对于预防及治疗人及动物的病毒感染症有效(例如,参考美国专利4,469,685号)。还揭示了组合南瓜子与红花这2种生药所形成的巨噬细胞活化剂(例如,参考日本专利特开平11-116498号)。还揭示了组合南瓜子、红花、车前草及忍冬这4种生药所形成的嗜中性细胞活化剂(例如,参考日本专利特开2000-281584号)。然而,这些文献中,虽然揭示了作为本发明的有效成分的各生药的干扰素诱发作用、巨噬细胞活化作用、嗜中性细胞活化作用或IgE抗体产生抑制作用等,但对于抗丙型肝炎病毒活性既无揭示也无提示。
丙型慢性肝炎中,将1b型的丙型肝炎患者的血液中的病毒量尤其高的情况(一般在100KIU/ml以上)称为「难治性丙型慢性肝炎」,因此希望进一步开发出对于这些病例的治疗方法(例如,熊谷直树:丙型肝炎,每日生活9月号,读卖新闻社,东京,2002年)。另外,即使是目前发售的根治率最高的干扰素αcon-1,如果病毒量不在850KIU/ml以下,仍无法获得根治,已知病毒量愈低时干扰素疗法的治疗效果愈佳(参考厚生省「非甲非乙型肝炎研究班」1995年报告,别册医学的进行「探讨肝功能障碍的发病及进展机制」1999年2月5日发行,医齿药出版株式会社发行,肝胆胰43,(2),pp.281-288,2001)。因此,在导入干扰素疗法前,要求病毒量处于尽量低的状态。
发明的揭示
本发明提供了以南瓜子、红花、车前草及忍冬为有效成分的丙型慢性肝炎治疗用组合物,该组合物可与传统的丙型肝炎治疗法并用,且通过与这些疗法的并用,利用了对以往难以治疗的丙型慢性肝炎的治疗有效的生药。更具体提供了抑制丙型慢性肝炎的症状发展或改善症状用组合物,以及这些组合物的调制方法。
本发明者对于植物性生药进行认真探讨后发现,对于丙型慢性肝炎患者,尤其是血液中显示丙型慢性肝炎病毒RNA量为高值的患者,给予南瓜子、红花、车前草及忍冬所形成的组合物后,令人惊讶地确认患者的自觉症状,具有代表性的是全身倦怠感或腹胀感得到了改善,此外,通过医生的诊断确认他觉症状,具有代表性的是肝肿大或手掌红斑现象有所改善,给予本发明的组合物1个月后及3个月后,发现丙型肝炎病毒RNA量有所减少。
即,本发明涉及由南瓜子、红花、车前草及忍冬形成的减少丙型慢性肝炎病毒RNA量用组合物,由南瓜子、红花、车前草及忍冬形成的改善或减轻丙型慢性肝炎的症状用组合物,以及以南瓜子、红花、车前草及忍冬为有效成分的用于抑制丙型慢性肝炎进展为肝硬化的组合物。
另外,还涉及上述的减少丙型慢性肝炎病毒RNA量用组合物、改善或减轻丙型慢性肝炎的症状用组合物、用于抑制丙型慢性肝炎进展为肝硬化的组合物的调制方法。
另外,本发明还涉及通过与传统的治疗药,较好为nIFNα、基因重组型IFNα、复合干扰素IFNα、聚乙二醇干扰素(PEG-IFN)、IFNβ及IFN/三氮唑核甙等并用,对于病毒量在500KIU/MI以上的高值的患者显示干扰素可根治丙型慢性肝炎时的辅药作用的组合物,换言之,还涉及丙型慢性肝炎的治疗佐剂组合物。
附图的简单说明
图1表示实施例2中的各检测时的HCV-RNA量(KIU/ml)的平均值。
实施发明的最佳方式
以下,对本发明进行更详细地说明。
首先,说明本发明中所使用的生药。
南瓜子是指瓜科的植物南瓜(日本名:日本南瓜,Cucurbita moschataDuch.)的种子,但在本发明中,只要是显示与南瓜子相同性质的作用效果的种子,还包含其类似植物的种子。南瓜子可直接使用生的,但其干燥品作为医药及健康食品适于保存,另外,也可仅使用种皮。其成分包含南瓜子氨酸、蛋白质、维生素A、B1、B2及C,还包含胡萝卜素等。
红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.)是干燥菊科植物的管状花而获得的产物。其成分含有红花素、红花黄、木酚素及固醇。
车前草(Plantago asiatica L.)是车前科的植物,使用成熟种子(车前子)或全草(车前)。其成分含有多糖类、车前烯醇酸、琥珀酸、腺嘌呤、桃叶珊瑚苷、车前甙或维生素A及B1等。
忍冬(Lonicera japonica THUNB.)可使用任一种的忍冬科的花或花蕾(金银花)、叶、茎或全草(忍冬)。其成分含有蜡状物质、肌醇、单宁、皂角苷及忍冬苷等。
本发明中,这些生药可作为原料粉末或水或有机溶剂萃取物使用。也可作为原料粉末、溶剂制剂、粉剂、成型剂、浸出剂等使用。
作为有机溶剂,可使用乙醇及丙酮等,它们也可与水或2种以上的有机溶剂混合使用。萃取时可加入相对于生药数倍量的溶剂,于常温至加温下进行萃取或浸出。可掺入各生药单独萃取得到的萃取物或者也可萃取多种生药的原料粉末混合物而得到萃取物。另外,将生药以原料粉末使用时,使用其新鲜、阴干或干燥物,细切或形成粉末后使用。
上述生药的原料粉末或水或有机溶剂萃取物可直接或以公知方法调制成各种剂型,可作为医药用组合物、健康食品或机能性食品(营养补充剂)使用。
例如,医药用组合物或机能性食品(营养补充剂)通过通常的制剂化方法以口服片剂、散剂、细粒剂、胶囊剂、丸剂及糖浆剂的剂型提供。为了实现制剂化,可根据需要添加赋形剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、缓冲剂、矫味剂及稳定剂等。可混合至少1种以上的惰性稀释剂,例如,乳糖、甘露糖醇、葡萄糖、羟丙基纤维素、微晶纤维素、淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮及硅铝酸镁。组合物中还可根据常法含有惰性稀释剂以外的添加剂,例如,硬脂酸镁、淀粉及滑石粉等润滑剂,纤维素乙醇酸钙等崩解剂,乳糖等稳定剂,谷氨酸或天冬氨酸等助溶剂。片剂或丸剂可根据需要被蔗糖、明胶、琼脂、果胶、羟丙基纤维素及邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素等的糖衣或胃溶性或肠溶性薄膜包覆。
另外,在对作为本发明的有效成分的生药的活性无不良影响的前提下,还可掺入水溶性维生素(咖啡因、维生素B1、B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、生物素、肉毒碱、泛酸及烟酸及其衍生物等)、脂溶性维生素(维生素A、维生素E及其衍生物等)、氨基酸(牛磺酸及精氨酸等)、东洋香草(紫苏、甘草、银杏、蒲公英、菊花、人参及桂皮等)或西洋香草(锯棕榈、贯叶连翘、紫锥花、茴香子、洋甘菊、迷迭香、薄荷、尤加利、熏衣草、玫瑰、黄槿及芦荟等)。另外,依据与使用方法等的关系,还可掺入乳果糖等低聚糖或市售的乳酸菌(比菲德氏菌,bifidus)等作为其它的有效成分。
口服用液体组合物包括制药学中允许的乳浊剂、溶液剂、悬浊剂、糖浆剂及酏剂等,包含常用的惰性稀释剂,例如精制水及乙醇等。该组合物除了惰性稀释剂以外,也可含有湿润剂、悬浊剂等补剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、芳香剂及防腐剂。
另外,作为健康食品,可以饮料或果冻、饼干、家常小甜饼及糖果等点心的形式提供。
本发明的组合物含有南瓜子及红花,还有车前草、忍冬或紫苏等生药为有效成分,它们的含量范围以南瓜子20~60质量%、红花10~40质量%、其它生药各5~70质量%为宜。
本发明的有效成分的给予方法可考虑给予对象的年龄及性别等根据不同情况而适当地决定,通常成人60kg体重的每日生药总量,口服为0.5~5g,较好为1~3g。健康食品、营养补充剂等也以此为准。
本发明中的丙型慢性肝炎的治疗佐剂组合物是指通过与前述的丙型肝炎的一般治疗方针中使用的干扰素或乌索脱氧胆酸等药物并用而显示出相加或相乘的效果的组合物。本发明的组合物与上述其它一般的丙型肝炎治疗药并用时,对其给药顺序并无特别的限制,可同时并用,也可在服用本发明的组合物数个月后再开始利用上述其它的一般丙型肝炎治疗药的治疗,相反地也可进行数个月的上述一般的丙型肝炎治疗药的治疗后,以维持疗法服用本发明的组合物。
另外,本发明不仅可改善及减轻人的丙型肝炎病毒性疾病的症状,也可作为狗或猫等伴侣动物的肝炎病毒的治疗药、改善及减轻症状用健康食品使用。
实施例
以下,基于实施例及试验例更详细地说明本发明,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
(1)丙型慢性肝炎患者的丙型肝炎病毒RNA量的测定试验
入院试验开始时,以RNA量为高值的丙型慢性肝炎患者26名(男性13名,女性13名。28~80岁(平均为59.0岁)为对象)。将本发明的组合物之一的商品名为InterPunch(注册商标;Sanwell株式会社制)的药物1天2包(1.5g/包)给药3个月。测定给药前、给药1个月及3个月后的到院时的自觉症状、他觉症状、一般生化学现象及HCV-RNA量。
(2)试验结果
作为自觉症状的全身倦怠感的6例中的4例以及腹胀感的1例中的1例的症状在给药1个月后消失。作为他觉症状的肝肿大的13例中的2例以及手掌红斑的6例中的1例的症状在给药1个月后消失。另外,没有出现自觉症状及他觉症状比试验开始前更恶化的患者。一般临床检查(血液学检查(白血球数、红血球数、血红蛋白量、血细胞比容值、血小板数及白血球像)、血液生化学检查(总蛋白、白蛋白、A/G、总胆红素、AST、ALT、ZTT、LDH、碱性磷酸酯酶、γ-GTP、总胆固醇、TG、尿素氮、肌酸酐、Na、K及Cl)也未有恶化的倾向(例如,日本肝脏学会监修:慢性肝炎诊疗手册,医学书院,东京,2001,ISBN:426011977X)。将给药前的RNA量在500-849KIU/ml及850KIU/ml以上的情况分别进行探讨,850KIU/ml以上的患者(13例)的平均值为1447.7KIU/ml,给药1个月后及3个月后有意义地分别减少为993.6KIU/ml及961.8KIU/ml(p=0.032及P=0.015)。5001-849KIU/ml的患者(13例)的平均值为649.4KIU/ml,在给药3个月后减少为527.5KIU/ml,确认有减少的倾向(p=0.108)。
(3)考察结果
全身倦怠感消失而恢复生活活力,腹胀感等腹部不适感消失,生理上或精神上压迫感消失等,提升了丙型慢性肝炎患者的生活品质(以下称为QOL)。丙型慢性肝炎患者中的肝肿大是医生判断丙型慢性肝炎的他觉症状时最经常观察到的明显的针状(参考丙型慢性肝炎的临床及经过,Medicina,30(3),pp.474-477,1993年),上述2例病例中所确认的肝肿大的消失对于治疗丙型慢性肝炎具有非常大的意义。
另外,本发明的组合物可减少HCV-RNA量。在上述病例中无任何的副作用。本发明的组合物在用干扰素疗法对丙型慢性肝炎患者进行治疗前服用,至少可提高干扰素的治疗效果,另外,提示其作为丙型慢性肝炎的治疗佐剂组合物有效。
实施例2
(1)试验者
将包含实施例1的26名患者的丙型慢性肝炎的入院患者50例(男性26例,女性24例,年龄28~80岁,59.0±10.6岁(平均±SD))为总记录病例,实施公开标示(open-label)的试验。编组基准由主治医生选定,经本人同意。HCV的血清型是第1组有40例,第2组有9例,无法判定有1例。具有IFN治疗经历的患者有24例。
本试验中,将服用状况不良的4例、缺乏测定数据的4例、服用前6个月以内的给予IFN的3例、由自己判断而中止服药的2例、服用中开始给予IFN的1例、给药前认为并发肝肿瘤判断其不适合作为试验对象的1例的合计15例除外,将剩余的35例(男性17例,女性18例,年龄28~80岁,60.5±10.4岁,(平均±SD))作为有效分析对象。有效分析对象中的血清型是第1组有27例,第2组有7例,无法判定有1例,试验开始前具有IFN治疗经历的患者有15例。
给药期间使用肝脏用并用药的患者为22例。在试验开始前有13例使用了乌索脱氧胆酸,在给药期间又新增加5例。并用甘草制剂与乌索脱氧胆酸制剂的有2例,并用Kantec片(商品名)与Proheparum片(商品名)的有1例。并用Taurine散剂(商品名)与乌索脱氧胆酸的有1例。剩余3例分别单独服用Aminoleban(商品名)、小柴胡汤或Proheparum片。
(2)试验物质
作为试验物质,与实施例1相同使用InterPunch(Sanwell株式会社制,东京,日本)。给各试验者服用此InterPunch,1天量为2包1.5g(含有4种植物干燥原料粉末,合计为1g份的萃取物)。
(3)检查项目
评估作为自觉症状的恶心及呕吐、腹痛、腹胀感、吐血及便血、皮肤搔痒感及全身倦怠感这6项,作为他觉症状的肝肿大、水肿、腹水、手掌红斑及黄疸这5项。自觉症状与他觉症状都在患者到院时由主治医生通过问诊或触诊等确认并记录于病历。血液检查项目包括白血球数、红血球数、血红蛋白量、血细胞比容值、血小板数及白血球百分比,生化学检查项目包括AST、ALT、ALP、γ-GTP、ZTT、LDH、UN、肌酸酐、Na、K、Cl、总胆红素、总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇及TG,尿检项目包括蛋白、糖及潜血。另外,以Amplicor法定量HCV-RNA量。通常的测定上限为850KIU/ml,若为该值以上的值,则以稀释法实施再测试。分别在服用前、服用1个月后及服用3个月后测定上述的检查项目。
(4)统计学方法
对于血液检查、生化学检查、HCV-RNA定量及HCV抗体价的变化使用Student’s t-test。对于并用药的影响,以x2检定进行判定。
(5)考察结果
(i)自觉症状与他觉症状
本试验中,服用前有6例自觉全身倦怠感的自觉症状,服用1个月后有4例(66.7%)得到改善,3个月后也有4例得到改善。自觉腹胀感有2例,服用1个月后认为有1例(50%)得到改善,3个月后2例(100%)均得到改善。自觉恶心及呕吐有2例,服用3个月后有1例(50%)得到改善。
关于他觉症状,试验开始前经医生触诊认为有16例肝肿大,服用1个月后有1例(6.3%)得到改善,3个月后有2例(12.5%)得到改善。对于其它症状虽未认为有改善,但认为无服用前既有的自觉症状与他觉症状在服用后有所恶化的患者。这些结果总结示于下述的表1。
(ii)血液学检查、生化学检查及尿检
血液学检查项目无变化。白血球百分比也未因服药而有所影响。血液学检查的结果示于以下的表2。
生化学检查中,ZTT在服用前为17.5±7.6IU/L,服用3个月后有意义地增加为18.4±7.8IU/L(p<0.05)。Na在服用前为141.5±2.2mEq/L,服用1个月后有意义地增加为142.7±20mEq/L(p<0.01),服用3个月后与服用前没有差异(141.1±2.2mEq/L)。其它的肝功能及肾功能等的生化学检查项目无变化。此结果示于下述的表3。
尿检项目无特别变化。
(iii)HCV-RNA定量及HCV抗体价
HCV-RNA定量以全部35例为对象,在服用前、服用1个月后及3个月后测定,在测定期间进行比较,平均±SD分别为734.4±716.1KIU/ml、605.1±471.1KIU/ml及578.7±437.9KIU/ml,该值在服用后经时减少,但其减少比率在统计学上无有意差。但是,就未满100KIU/ml、100-499KIU/ml、500-849KIU/ml及850KIU/ml以上这4种病毒量的分层分析,如图1所示,850KIU/ml以上的组(n=12)在服用后1个月及3个月有意义地减少(分别为p=0.044及p=0.024)。500-849KIU/ml组的患者(n=12)在服用后3个月有意义地减少(p=0.021)。另外,服用前病毒量为1.4KIU/ml的1个病例,在服用1个月后其病毒量降至检测灵敏度以下。
HCV抗体价以25例的平均值进行统计分析,在服用前、服用1个月后及3个月后分别为66.44±7.78HCV-Ab Index、67.17±7.00HCV-Ab Index及66.83±8.23HCV-Ab Index,并无改变,利用上述病毒量进行分层分析认为无有意义地改变。
另外,HCV-RNA量的减少与AST及ALT的改变之间无有意义的相关性。有无并用含有乌索脱氧胆酸的制剂与HCV-RNA量的增减无有意差。认为自觉或他觉症状的改善例与病毒量之间也无一定的倾向。
(iv)有害现象
71岁女性在服用第1个月时有轻度的腹泻,但未中断服用,后来腹泻消失。60岁男性在服用第3个月虽有腹胀感,但为轻度。其它则认为无有害现象。
(v)考察结果
本试验应特别记述的变化是未满100KIU/ml、100-499KIU/ml、500-849KIU/ml及850KIU/ml以上这4种病毒量的分层分析,850KIU/ml以上的患者在服用后1个月及3个月有意义地减少(p<0.05),500-849KIU/ml的患者在服用后3个月有意义地减少(p<0.05)。
另外,此次的500KIU/ml以下的低病毒量患者组中虽未有优势的降低,但对于自然治愈准确率极低的丙型慢性肝炎(参考《丙型慢性肝炎的临床及经过》,Medicina,30(3),pp.474-477,1993),即使有一例因服用本发明的组合物而使病毒量降至检测灵敏度以下也是令人惊讶,这就显示该组合物对于低病毒量的患者也有效果。
此次探讨中发现,在HCV-RNA量减少的例子中,AST及ALT的降低并不明显,未能确认病毒量的减少与肝功能指标的相关性。对于肝病患的预后,认为AST及ALT的下降非常重要的报告有14例,但病毒的减少对临床的有用性在现阶段尚不明朗。然而,因为IFN的有效率依赖于病毒量,因此提示本发明的组合物与含有干扰素的其它药剂并用对于丙型慢性肝炎的治疗有效。
自觉症状的病例数较少,服用3个月后全身倦怠感在6例中有4例得到改善,腹胀感的2例中的2例及恶心及呕吐的2例中的1例得到改善。另外,他觉症状中通过触诊认为肝肿大的有16例,服用3个月后有2例消失。没有服用前具有自觉症状及他觉症状而在服用后出现恶化的患者。确认全身倦怠感消失的患者的QOL有所提升。
本试验中观察到有害现象2例,1例是服用第1个月时有轻度的腹泻。然而,继续服用时腹泻症状消失,因此为临时性反应。本试验所使用的健康食品中掺入了比菲德氏菌,对其影响也有所考虑。另一例是60岁男性在服用第3个月时有腹胀感,但为轻度。其它患者无有害现象出现。另外,可确认包含有效性分析除外例的50例均无服用本发明组合物所引起的严重的有害现象。
此外,采用广泛地用于丙型肝炎的IFN时,除了如流行性感冒般的发烧、关节疼痛及肌肉疼痛等症状之外,还观察到脱发、忧郁症状、眼睛异常、食欲降低及体重减少等副作用,但通过此次服用本发明组合物,可期待出现无严重的有害现象的丙型肝炎治疗剂。
血液及生化学检查中,ZTT于3个月后有意义地增加。ZTT值是反映免疫球蛋白(IgG)、成为观察慢性肝炎症状发展的过程中的间质系反应的指标,但并不直接表示肝细胞的受损情况。另一方面,作为肝障碍指标的AST及ALT未增加,HCV抗体也无变化,白蛋白等蛋白分布也未有明显变化。由这些而综合地判断,ZTT的增加并未引起患者的自身免疫性现象或肝硬变等某些严重的变化。另外,认为Na在服用1个月后有意义地增加(p<0.01),但仍在基准值范围内变化,3个月后回复至服用前的值,认为无有意义的副作用。
由上述结果可认为,给丙型慢性肝炎患者服用了本发明组合物的情况下,即使是高病毒量患者,最快在服用1个月后病毒量有所减少。另外,全身倦怠感等自觉症状或肝肿大等他觉症状也在部分病例中得到改善。未出现血液及生化学的检查项目的恶化,也无因服用所引起的严重有害现象,治疗丙型慢性肝炎时,并用本发明的组合物进行治疗显示出协同作用。
表1 自觉症状及他觉症状
症状 | 试验开始时 | 开始后的改善数(改善率) | ||
1个月后 | 3个月后 | |||
自觉症状 | 恶心·呕吐腹胀感皮肤搔痒感全身倦怠感 | 2216 | 01(50.0%)04(66.7%) | 1(50.0%)2(100%)04(66.7) |
临床症状 | 肝肿大水肿腹水手掌红斑 | 16217 | 1(6.3%)000 | 2(12.5%)000 |
表2 血液检查的结果
给予前 | 1个月后 | 3个月后 | |
红血球数(×104/mm3)血色素量(g/dL)血细胞比容值(%)白血球数(/mm3)血小板数(×104/mm3) | 3.9±1.2433±5313.6±1.740.0±4.612.6±5.1 | 3.9±1.2431±5213.4±1.639.6±4.312.5±5.2 | 3.9±1.2432±5013.4±1.639.9±4.312.4±5.1 |
注:数据为平均值±SD(34例),全部项目无统计学有意差。
表3 生化学检查的结果
人数 | 服用前 | 1个月后 | 3个月后 | |
GOT(IU/L) | 35 | 59.7±29.2 | 61.1±30.2 | 57.4±28.5 |
GPT(IU/L) | 35 | 70.6±39.6 | 68.9±37.9 | 66.4±35.4 |
ALP(IU/L) | 35 | 335.1±162.0 | 341.4±168.9 | 342.9±170.7 |
γ-GTP(IU/L) | 35 | 53.9±53.8 | 52.7±48.8 | 506±35.8 |
ZTT(IU/L) | 34 | 17.5±7.6 | 17.6±7.3 | 18.4±7.8* |
LDH(IU/L) | 35 | 199.4±41.4 | 198.2±35.4 | 193.8±31.6 |
总胆红素(mg/dL) | 35 | 0.8±0.3 | 0.8±0.3 | 0.8±0.4 |
总蛋白(g/dL) | 35 | 7.4±0.5 | 7.4±0.4 | 7.3±0.5 |
白蛋白(g/dL) | 34 | 4.3±0.5 | 4.26±0.45 | 4.3±0.4 |
UN(mg/dL) | 34 | 15.9±4.6 | 16.7±4.4 | 15.9±4.1 |
肌酸酐(mg/dL) | 34 | 0.7±0.2 | 0.7±0.2 | 0.7±0.2 |
Na(mEq/L) | 34 | 141.5±2.2 | 142.7±20** | 141.1±2.2 |
K(mEq/L) | 34 | 4.1±0.4 | 4.2±0.4 | 4.2±0.4 |
Cl(mEq/L) | 34 | 105.2±2.4 | 105.9±2.3 | 104.6±2.2 |
总胆固醇(mg/dL) | 33 | 174.5±38.5 | 172.9±34.0 | 170.0±33.8 |
TG(mg/dL) | 33 | 104.9±50.3 | 96.1±42.2 | 107.6±62.3 |
注:*:p<0.05;**p<0.01(与服用前比较)平均值±SD
ZTT的服用前与服用3个月后的数据具有统计学有意差的增加。
钠的服用前与服用1个月后的数据具有统计学有意差的增加。
实施例3
将5.0g的南瓜子、3.0g的红花、1.0g的车前草、3.0g的忍冬及67g的乳糖以及16g的淀粉以固体混合机混合均匀,预先将2g的羟丙基纤维素及5g的癸酸三甘油酯溶解于40g的85%乙醇形成混合溶剂,混合后以篮型制粒机(网径为1mm)造粒后,以14网目的筛子过筛,干燥后成圆柱状颗粒。将上述成分与甘露糖醇、羟丙基纤维素、硅铝酸镁、糖精及香料混合均匀,得到12包颗粒剂(参考日本专利特开2000-231584号)。
以下与实施例4同样,调制各种配比(重量%)的组合物。
表4 组合物的调制例
配方例 | 南瓜子 | 红花 | 车前草 | 忍冬 |
1 | 80 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
2 | 75 | 5 | 13 | 7 |
3 | 70 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
4 | 65 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
5 | 60 | 20 | 10 | 10 |
6 | 50 | 20 | 15 | 15 |
7 | 50 | 10 | 25 | 15 |
8 | 45 | 20 | 30 | 5 |
9 | 42 | 25 | 8 | 25 |
10 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 10 |
11 | 30 | 5 | 30 | 35 |
12 | 25 | 10 | 40 | 25 |
13 | 25 | 15 | 38 | 2.2 |
14 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
15 | 25 | 25 | 5 | 45 |
16 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 20 |
17 | 20 | 10 | 60 | 10 |
18 | 10 | 10 | 70 | 10 |
19 | 10 | 10 | 40 | 40 |
20 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 70 |
21 | 5 | 80 | 5 | 10 |
实施例4
本发明组合物之一的InterPunch(注册商标;Sanwell株式会社制)的调制例。
混合南瓜子、红花、车前草及忍冬的生药原料粉末,以10倍量的水于95±5℃萃取30分钟,过滤萃取液后浓缩,添加还原麦芽糖、乳糖及淀粉等赋形剂以及香料,施以造粒步骤,制成细粒。
表5 每2包InterPunch中的营养成分的分析例
热量 | 11.5千卡 |
蛋白质 | 0.042g |
脂质 | 0.003g |
糖质 | 2.823g |
食物纤维 | 0.03g |
钠 | 0.444mg |
乳果糖 | 400mg |
南瓜子 | 以原料粉末换算1000mg的混合萃取物 |
车前子 | |
红花 | |
忍冬 | |
比菲德氏菌 | 40mg |
实施例5
安全性
本发明组合物配方A:
成分(干燥粉末的配比):南瓜子(50%)、红花(20%)、车前草(15%)及忍冬(15%)。
使健康成人男性7名在2周内摄取上述组合物,1日2次(每次以原料生药换算为1.0g)。在开始摄取前、开始后第1及第2周抽血,实施一般的临床检查(血液学检查(白血球数、红血球数、血红蛋白量、血细胞比容值、MCV、MCH、MCHC、血小板数及白血球像)、血液生化学检查(总蛋白、白蛋白、A/G、总胆红素、MCV、MCH、MCHC、AST、ALT、碱性磷酸酯酶、γ-GTP、总胆固醇、中性脂肪、尿素氮、尿酸、肌酸酐)及免疫生化学检查(非特异性的IgE、非特异性的IgG及铁传递蛋白),以及医生的问诊及听打诊,理学检查(体温、脉博及血压),探讨摄食本发明组合物配方A的安全性。另外,通过测定细胞机能(单核球(血液中巨噬细胞)吞噬能力、嗜中性细胞吞噬能力及NK细胞活性)以及细胞素(IL2、4、6、8、10、12、IFN-β、TNF-α),探讨本健康食品的安全性。
其结果是,摄食2周的试验实施期间,自觉症状、他觉症状及包含免疫生化学检查的临床检查值显示,未因摄取试验食品而出现有害现象,确认无安全性上的问题。细胞机能以及细胞素也无显著的变化,明确健康成人男性在上述给药量及服用期间未出现可测的变化。
实施例6
安全性
使健康成人男性摄取本发明组合物之一的InterPunch,历时8年(开始摄取时为31岁)。最初的2年是每日摄取平均1g的配方A的生药原料混合粉末,之后每日摄取以原料粉末换算平均为1g的实施例配方A的健康食品。其结果是,在摄取期间对一般的血液性状、健康状态等均无不良影响。
产业上利用的可能性
如上述实施例所示,本发明的由南瓜子、红花、车前草及忍冬所形成的组合物,使丙型肝炎患者的自觉症状,例如全身倦怠感及腹胀感消失,还可使医生诊断的他觉症状,例如肝肿大恢复为正常肝状态以及使手掌红斑消失。另外,投予上述组合物1个月后至3个月后,因为丙型肝炎病毒RNA量有所减少,因此至少作为丙型慢性肝炎治疗用组合物有效,具体来讲,在导入干扰素治疗前服用本组合物可以提高干扰素的治疗效果。丙型慢性肝炎患者的肝肿大是医生诊断肝炎症状发展状况的1个指标。肝肿大若有所改善,则对于丙型慢性肝炎的治疗非常有意义,因此本发明作为用于抑制丙型肝炎发展为肝硬化或肝硬化再发展为肝癌的组合物有效。
本发明对于丙型肝炎患者中的丙型慢性肝炎病毒RNA量为高值的患者特别有效。除此之外,本发明组合物可作为减少丙型肝炎病毒RNA量用组合物或改善及减轻丙型慢性肝炎症状用组合物使用。另外,其副作用产生的可能性较小,可长期使用,或者可与传统的丙型慢性肝炎治疗剂,尤其是可与丙型慢性肝炎治疗剂并用。
Claims (3)
1.丙型慢性肝炎病毒RNA量减少用组合物,其特征在于,由南瓜子、红花、车前草及忍冬形成。
2.丙型慢性肝炎的症状改善或减轻用组合物,其特征在于,由南瓜子、红花、车前草及忍冬形成。
3.用于抑制丙型慢性肝炎发展为肝硬化的组合物,其特征在于,以南瓜子、红花、车前草及忍冬为有效成分。
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JP5363986B2 (ja) * | 2006-10-24 | 2013-12-11 | エスケー ケミカルズ カンパニー リミテッド | 認知症及び軽度認識障害の治療、及び認知機能の改善に有効であるオレアナン系トリテルペンサポニン化合物 |
CA2677783A1 (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2008-08-21 | Caleco Pharma Corp. | Compositions and methods for treatment of liver disease |
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UA110325C2 (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2015-12-25 | Australian Biomedical Company Pty Ltd | Medicinal carbohydrates for treating respiratory conditions |
US20120213870A1 (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-23 | Maher El-Aaser | Composition and method for treating liver disease |
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CN104800416A (zh) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-29 | 王玉玲 | 一种治疗胆囊炎的中药剂 |
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CN102641479A (zh) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-08-22 | 张治愈 | 一种治疗丙型肝炎的药物组合物 |
CN102641479B (zh) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-08-21 | 张治愈 | 一种治疗丙型肝炎的药物组合物 |
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