CN1765169A - System engineering technology for modifying alkaline land by use of pipe drainage method - Google Patents
System engineering technology for modifying alkaline land by use of pipe drainage method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a new technique for soil improvement, especially a systematic engineering technical using concealed pipe drainage method to improve the alkaline land. The technique project is as follows: prospective designing, forming a complete set for filling and discharging, soil smoothing, soil softening, and maintaining and managing. The said forming a complete set for filling and discharging also includes the sealed pipe drainage method, that is to induce the water contain salt to the drainage pipe for discharging out of land through the sealed pipe net embedded under the soil layer of the alkaline land, a lot of micropores are equipped in the sealed pipe wall; the said soil smoothing employs the laser controlling technique, that is to control the edge rising or falling height of the soil smoothing machine by the flat surface generated by the laser beam; the said soil softening is to use the soil softening machine only softens the soil but not turns over the soil, the softening depth is not larger than 0.7 m; the said maintaining and managing concludes sealed pipe cleaning, the cleaning employs the high pressure water flow spraying and dredging device.
Description
One, technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of soil melioration new technology, especially a kind of pipe drainage method improvement saline land system engineering technology that utilizes.
Two, background technology: traditional alkaline land improving technology normally adopts measures such as open drain row's alkali, big hydraulic pressure alkali, raised fields row alkali to carry out.So these measure ubiquities are big with the fresh water amount, cause the water source in short supply; The underground buck that contains divides the reverse osmosis phenomenon serious, in case the lack of water fresh water pressure is irritated, will cause soil salinization of soil once more, and alkaline land improving is difficult to thoroughly.
Three, summary of the invention: purpose of the present invention is exactly the defective that exists at prior art, and a kind of pipe drainage method improvement saline land system engineering technology that utilizes is provided.
Its technical scheme is: comprise prospective design, irritate technology compositions such as deploying cover, land readjustment, loosen the soil brokenly knot, maintenance management.Also comprise pipe drainage method in the described filling deploying cover technology, promptly by being embedded in the hidden pipe pipe network of soil layer below, saline land, the saliferous moisture in the soil, introduce drainpipe, discharge soil, many micropores are distributing on the hidden pipe wall; Described land readjustment utilizes the adjustable height of the laser controlled leveling facility edge of a knife, and the described knot that loosens the soil brokenly is to utilize soil subsoiling soil machine chesson and the soil layer that do not overturn, and the dark loose degree of depth is not more than 0.7 meter; Comprise also in the described maintenance management technology that hidden pipe cleans, hidden pipe cleans and adopts High-Pressure Water injection Accrete clearing device to finish.It is the hidden pipe pipe network that upper edge, the plane drainage direction cloth under the saline land 1-2 rice degree of depth that will transform is parallel to each other that described pipe network distributes, and every hidden pipe leaves the gradient between 0.5 ‰-1 ‰ along water (flow) direction; Described High-Pressure Water sprays Accrete clearing device and is made up of the water pump of 75 kg/cm, 300 meters rubber hose and high-pressure nozzle.Described hidden pipe comprises PVC punching bellows, punching PE pipe, plastic filter pipe, and the hidden pipe punch density is not less than and accounts for 2.5% of tube wall area, and caliber is between the 60-150.Around every hidden pipe outer wall, apply bag filtrate or filter sand layer; Described outsourcing filtrate has sand filtering material and geotextile, and sand filtering material parcel thickness is generally 8 centimetres, and the water penetration of filtrate is greater than soil more than 10 times.
Effect of the present invention: the one, change alkali and imitate fast, effective.Behind the engineering construction, by the control subterranean water level, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil that the capillary of reduction soil rises and causes, utilize and irrigate or rainfall drip washing, in 1-2, make the rapid desalination of soil, and hidden pipe will play a role constantly for a long time, the solution of putting things right once and for all the saline and alkaline harm of soil.
The 2nd, invest moderate.Utilize hidden pipe to change this system engineering of alkali about 1000 yuan of mu investments of improving the low and medium-yield farmland, be used for about 1900 yuan of waste alkali ground exploitation mu investments, wherein simple hidden pipe laying work mu is invested about 500 yuan.After hidden pipe changes the alkali engineering construction, once drop into, be benefited for many years, the benefit of bringing is significant, and after engineering measure was implemented, middle-and-low-yielding fields crop per mu yield then can increase 30%-50%.The engineering cost input has higher rate of return on investment by the very fast recovery of increasing income of soil.
The 3rd, save the soil, easy to maintenance.Traditional relatively open drain row's alkali because a large amount of row's canals is replaced by hidden pipe, can increase and plough about 20%.Change the alkali hidden pipe and be embedded in undergroundly, safeguard simply, all will drop into substantial contribution desilting control row every year with respect to open drain row's alkali, maintenance cost is low.
The 4th, the mechanization degree height is easy to the scale operation, and large tracts of land is promoted.The enforcement that hidden pipe changes the alkali engineering all utilizes modern big machinery to finish, mechanization, automaticity height, technology content and efficient height.Improved soil adapts to scale, mechanized cultivation, helps realizing agriculture industrialization.
Utilize this technology to change alkali in a word and can increase arable area, the very fast overall productivity in agriculture that improves, be to tally with the national condition, the great technical measures that big promotional value is arranged, large tracts of land is promoted the agricultural land resource that will increase China, increasing peasant income, agricultural development and ecotope improvement are had facilitation, good social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefits are arranged.
Four, description of drawings: do not have.
Five, specific embodiment:
In concrete enforcement, according to specification requirement, upper edge, the plane drainage direction under the saline land certain depth that will transform is laid a determining deviation, sewerage pipeline network parallel, that connect each other.Effectively regulate and control the farmland subterranean water level of various soil on the one hand, it is in below the minimum bury of groundwater degree that prevents soil generation salinization of soil; On the other hand, utilization irrigation and rainfall are dissolved the flushing desalination to the salinity of the saliferous soil layer on hidden pipe top, by the closed drainage system the too much water that contains salinity are discharged the soil body.Like this, the closed drainage system constantly plays a role for a long time, just can fundamentally solve the salinization of soil harm of soil.
Its substance is: prospective design, hidden pipe lay, irritate deploying cover, the broken knot of smart flat, the dark pine of laser, maintenance management etc.
The one, prospective design
Hidden pipe changes the enforcement of alkali technology, at first will carry out the prospecting of the soil survey and the face of land to the soil of transforming, with the content of structure, permeability, subterranean water level and the soil alkaline of grasping soil layer.According to the investigation result of laboratory test, carry out design of pipe networks, determine bore, trend, buried depth, the spacing of filter pipe and the pipeline that catchments trend, see and to look into layouting of well and sump etc.
The 2nd, hidden pipe lays
The laying of hidden pipe adopts machine for trenching and burying pipe to lay, and trench digging, pipe laying, wraps up in sand, applies soil and once finish.Pipe laying machinery can be controlled automatically by the laser guidance instrument, and hidden pipe is routed to underground certain degree of depth according to designing requirement, and it is dark to be usually located at underground 1-2 rice, and makes hidden pipe form the gradient that requires, and is beneficial to phreatic discharge.In pipe laying, machine for trenching and burying pipe sand filtering material wrap in hidden pipe around be embedded in together underground.
The 3rd, irritate the deploying cover
Hidden pipe changes the alkali technology and is used for large tracts of land and administers the saline land and will match with the ground irrigation and drainage system with functions usually, promptly irrigates, drains flooded fields, removes stain, administers saline and alkaline combining, and accomplishes the bright row of excess water, and accumulated water is secretly arranged, and irrigates drip washing, the hidden pipe salt discharge.
The 4th, laser is smart flat.
The laser controlled leveling technology is the adjustable height that the Leveling implements edge of a knife is controlled on the plane that utilizes laser beam to produce, the precision height of land readjustment, and the level land precision can reach positive and negative 1.0-1.5 centimetre.Laser technology is leveled land, and can reach water saving, save land, saves the effect of fertilizer, volume increase.When improving field surface irrigation efficient and uniformity of irrigation water appilcation, the salinity in the easier washed out soil helps the improvement in saline land and prevents the soil salinization.After implementing this technology, retaining performance in soil is good, and the water-use efficiency height has promoted the paces that agricultural develops to the precision direction.
The 5th, the broken knot of dark pine
The dark pine in soil is to utilize soil subsoiling machine chesson and the soil layer that do not overturn, and the dark loose degree of depth can be according to cultivating the needs of improving the soil, and reaches 0.7 meter the deeplyest.By dark pine, can break clay impermeable stratum and hardening layer (being commonly called as iron plate sand), deepen plow layer, increase the ventilative and water penetration of soil, improve the crop root growing environment; Dark pine increases the soil particle hole, reduces phreatic hollow billet effect of increasing, effectively reduces soil salt and gathers to the top layer, when reducing soil secondary saline and alkaline, improves the permeability of soil, improves the drip washing desalination speed of soil greatly.
The 6th, maintenance management
After hidden pipe changed the alkali engineering construction, the later stage operation management was safeguarded simple.At first in the runtime drip washing of will pouring water, make the soil drainage desalination, the salinity in the soil forms solid crystal sometimes and accumulates in upper soll layer, is present in sometimes to form saline solns in the soil water.Flushing promptly is to be converted into salinity in the free solution by the salinity with various states in the soil of pouring water, and gets rid of from soil.When irrigation or rainfall, the fresh water that infiltrates to deep layer, is got rid of the salinity band via hidden pipe.Make by flushing that salt content is reduced in the salt tolerant limit in the soil of certain depth, until basic desalination, so that crop can normal growth.
Secondly, hidden pipe silts up and will clean.Be embedded in underground hidden pipe, can even hidden pipe by the silt silting, also can clean by special cleaning machine, normally use to keep hidden pipe for 50 years service life.Hidden pipe cleans and adopts High-Pressure Water to spray Accrete clearing device, is made up of the water pump of 75 kg/cm, 300 meters rubber hose and high-pressure nozzle.When dashing silt, borrow the reaction force of injection water to advance shower nozzle automatically.The present invention is to be the engineering drainage standard with water salt equilibrium principle, determines that for this reason depth of drainage pipe has a range of choice, determines minimum buried depth by the crop prevention against water-logging degree of depth, determines maximum buried depth by the diving critical depth.The improvement in saline land is mainly adopted and is irrigated or rainfall drip washing, and factors such as design soil depth interior salinity flushing desalination amount, salt are grouped into, the soil texture are determined by flushing improvement requirement.Alkaline land improving must be through the stage of utilizing after irrigation or rainfall rinse stage and the improvement.Improveing and utilizing under the condition of combination later on,, making the continuation desalination of design soil layer and prevent that salinity from gathering to table soil, and make increase of the desalination degree of depth and underground water desalination gradually by irrigating or the rainfall drainage.
Height above sea level is low, the laying mode that the area that subterranean water level is high can adopt the bright row of dark row to combine.Hidden pipe is buried the depth underground, determine according to the anti-stain degree of depth of crop, the common buried depth in this area is between 1～1.5 meter, this just makes closed drainage enter the open drain by flow by gravity becomes possibility, and light and shade greatly reduces construction costs in conjunction with laying, the final-period management operating cost also reduces greatly, hidden pipe upper soil horizon desalination speed is fast, and reclamation result is good, is fit to very much the reality in area, the Huanghe delta.
Improving back closed drainage flow process is that the field excess water enters the open drain by the ground irrigation canals and ditches, and the underground water that infiltrates in the soil is discharged the soil body by subsurface system, and the salinity in the soil is taken out of outside the soil with water, and subsurface system is only established the draining of one-level filter pipe usually and gone into the open drain.Filter pipe is the permeable hidden pipe that is embedded in the soil, has poly-groundwater flow of good suction and carrying capacity, collects and also discharges excessive moisture in the soil, compiles by the open drain of catchmenting, and utilizes the pumping plant pump to carry or flow by gravity is gone into Wai He.
Specification requirement
The tubing that the alkali engineering that changes hidden pipe is adopted is mainly plastic tube, and commonly used have PVC punching bellows, punching PE pipe, a plastic filter pipe etc., and the plastic tube punch density is not less than and accounts for 2.5% of tube wall area, and caliber is generally between 60～150.
The hidden pipe of inhaling water in the poly-soil as the field is referred to as filter pipe or suction hose, generally the outsourcing filtrate all should be set on every side, flows into the pipe condition and prevents that silt from going into pipe and causing silting to improve the suction hose ambient water, guarantees drainage effect.Outsourcing filtrate commonly used has sand filtering material and geotextile, and sand filtering material parcel thickness is generally 8 centimetres, and filtrate is determined grading limit according to the granular structure characteristic of hidden pipe surrounding soil, and the water penetration that requires to select filtrate is greater than soil more than 10 times.
Improve general saline land, the buried depth of hidden pipe can determine according to the critical depth of water of the prevention against water-logging degree of depth of crop and Different Soil, and between 1～2 meter of the buried depth, the hidden pipe spacing is determined according to the different soils permeability, usually between 20～100 meters usually.For satisfying hidden pipe current performance requirement, hidden pipe leaves the gradient along water (flow) direction, generally between 0.5 ‰～1 ‰.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of pipe drainage method improvement saline land system engineering technology that utilizes, comprise prospective design, irritate deploying cover, land readjustment, the technology such as knot, maintenance management of loosening the soil brokenly, it is characterized in that: also comprise pipe drainage method in the described filling deploying cover technology, promptly by being embedded in the hidden pipe pipe network of soil layer below, saline land, the saliferous moisture in the soil, introduce drainpipe, discharge soil, many micropores are distributing on the hidden pipe wall; Described land readjustment utilizes the adjustable height of the laser controlled leveling facility edge of a knife, and the described knot that loosens the soil brokenly is to utilize soil subsoiling soil machine chesson and the soil layer that do not overturn, and the dark loose degree of depth is not more than 0.7 meter; Comprise also in the described maintenance management technology that hidden pipe cleans, hidden pipe cleans and adopts High-Pressure Water injection Accrete clearing device to finish.
2, the pipe drainage method improvement saline land system engineering technology that utilizes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is the hidden pipe pipe network that upper edge, the plane drainage direction cloth under the saline land 1-2 rice degree of depth that will transform is parallel to each other that described pipe network distributes, and every hidden pipe leaves the gradient between 0.5 ‰-1 ‰ along water (flow) direction; Described High-Pressure Water sprays Accrete clearing device and is made up of the water pump of 75 kg/cm, 300 meters rubber hose and high-pressure nozzle.
3, the pipe drainage method improvement saline land system engineering technology that utilizes according to claim 1 and 2, it waits to levy: described hidden pipe comprises PVC punching bellows, punching PE pipe, plastic filter pipe, the hidden pipe punch density is not less than and accounts for 2.5% of tube wall area, and caliber is between the 60-150.
4, the pipe drainage method improvement saline land system engineering technology that utilizes according to claim 3, its grade is levied and is: apply bag filtrate or filter sand layer around every hidden pipe outer wall; Described outsourcing filtrate has sand filtering material and geotextile, and sand filtering material parcel thickness is generally 8 centimetres, and the water penetration of filtrate is greater than soil more than 10 times.
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| CN101168165B (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2010-06-02 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Improvement method for saline-alkaline spot soil in farmland |
| CN101889488A (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2010-11-24 | 山东省地质环境监测总站 | Raw heavily-salinized soil reclamation method and device |
| CN101946573A (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2011-01-19 | 北京师范大学 | Method for ameliorating saline and alkaline land |
| CN102037806A (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2011-05-04 | 天津市绿源环境景观工程有限公司 | Greening method for dredger fill |
| CN102160480A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-08-24 | 天津泰达园林建设有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil irrigation and drainage ecological improvement method |
| CN102612883A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-01 | 福建省景观园林建筑发展有限公司 | Saline discharge and alkali reduction concealed conduit device for saline-alkali soil |
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| CN105027720A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil salt elimination concealed conduit with high strength and application of saline-alkali soil salt elimination concealed conduit |
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| CN101168165B (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2010-06-02 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Improvement method for saline-alkaline spot soil in farmland |
| CN101889488B (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2012-09-26 | 山东省地质环境监测总站 | Raw heavily-salinized soil reclamation method and device |
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