CN1759814A - 一种诱导海洋多倍体贝类的方法 - Google Patents

一种诱导海洋多倍体贝类的方法 Download PDF

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CN1759814A
CN1759814A CNA2005100446920A CN200510044692A CN1759814A CN 1759814 A CN1759814 A CN 1759814A CN A2005100446920 A CNA2005100446920 A CN A2005100446920A CN 200510044692 A CN200510044692 A CN 200510044692A CN 1759814 A CN1759814 A CN 1759814A
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germ cell
polar body
salinity
polyploid
shellfish
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CN100434048C (zh
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王昭萍
于瑞海
王如才
施坤涛
王艳
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Ocean University of China
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Ocean University of China
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

一种诱导海洋多倍体贝类的方法，其特征是先用盐度计测量培育用海水的盐度，再取贝类种贝，通过解剖或者诱导排放，分别获取精、卵，进行人工受精，连续镜检观察受精卵的发育情况，在观察到40－50％的受精卵释放第一极体时，向有受精卵的培育海水中加入淡水使其盐度下降至4－16抑制第二极体的释放，搅动均匀，处理10－15min后，将受精卵重新移至正常海水中孵化；或在观察到第一个受精卵出现第一极体时进行低盐处理，抑制第一极体的释放，诱导出多倍体。本方法利用低盐度海水处理贝类受精卵，抑制一个极体的释放，产生多倍体，无毒、高效、操作简单，且成本几乎为零。

Description

一种诱导海洋多倍体贝类的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种海洋生物的养殖方法，特别是涉及一种诱导海洋多倍体贝类的方法。
背景技术
三倍体贝类由于其育性差、生长快、品质优等特点而成为贝类养殖的重要组成部分。目前诱导多倍体贝类的方法主要有三类：一是采用细胞松弛素B(简称CB)或6-DMAP等化学诱导剂抑制极体释放；二是采用温度休克或静水压物理诱导；三是生物杂交，即利用四倍体与二倍体杂交产生全三倍体。由于CB、6-DMAP等化学试剂都具有较强的毒性，化学诱导对诱导贝类的胚胎及操作人员都有一定的毒害作用，且其价格昂贵，不易生产推广应用；物理诱导中静水压处理需要特殊的仪器，且诱导效率低，诱导效果不稳定，温度休克虽然相对简单，但诱导效果较差；生物杂交简单有效，但四倍体亲贝的获得是该方法应用的一个难以解决的瓶颈。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种诱导海洋多倍体贝类的方法，它能克服现有各种方法的上述缺点。
一种诱导海洋多倍体贝类的方法，其特征是先用盐度计测量培育用海水的盐度，再取贝类种贝，通过解剖或者诱导排放，分别获取精、卵，进行人工受精，连续镜检观察受精卵的发育情况，在观察到40-50％的受精卵释放第一极体时，向有受精卵的培育海水中加入淡水使其盐度下降至4--16抑制第二极体的释放，搅动均匀，处理10-15min后，将受精卵重新移至正常海水中孵化；或在观察到第一个受精卵出现第一极体时进行低盐处理，抑制第一极体的释放，诱导出多倍体。
本方法利用低盐度海水处理贝类受精卵，抑制一个极体的释放，产生多倍体，无毒、高效、操作简单，且成本几乎为零。
具体实施方式
实施例1、先用盐度计测量培育用海水的盐度，以在正常海水(盐度为30)中生活的太平洋牡蛎为例，取太平洋牡蛎种贝，通过解剖或者诱导排放，分别获取精、卵，进行人工受精，连续镜检观察受精卵的发育情况，在观察到40-50％的受精卵释放第一极体时，在低盐范围4-16，其中盐度为6-10时诱导效果最好，立即将牡蛎受精卵在盐度为6-10的低盐海水中低渗处理10-15min，抑制受精卵第二极体释放，获得三倍体率最高达89.5％。
实施例2、先用盐度计测量培育用海水的盐度，以在正常海水(盐度为30)中生活的太平洋牡蛎为例，取太平洋牡蛎种贝，通过解剖或者诱导排放，分别获取精、卵，进行人工受精，连续镜检观察受精卵的发育情况，在观察到第一个受精卵出现第一极体时，在低盐范围4-16，特别盐度为6-10时，诱导效果好，立即将牡蛎受精卵在盐度为6-10的低盐海水中低渗处理10-15min，抑制受精卵第一极体释放，获得三倍体率最高达82％。
上述实施例1、2也适用于其他产卵性海洋贝类如扇贝、鲍鱼、魁蚶等通过实施例1、2产生贝类多倍体具有无毒、高效、操作简单，且成本几乎为零的优点。

Claims (1)

1.一种诱导海洋多倍体贝类的方法，其特征是先用盐度计测量培育用海水的盐度，再取贝类种贝，通过解剖或者诱导排放，分别获取精、卵，进行人工受精，连续镜检观察受精卵的发育情况，在观察到40-50％的受精卵释放第一极体时，向有受精卵的培育海水中加入淡水使其盐度下降至4--16抑制第二极体的释放，搅动均匀，处理10-15min后，将受精卵重新移至正常海水中孵化；或在观察到第一个受精卵出现第一极体时进行低盐处理，抑制第一极体的释放，诱导出多倍体。
CNB2005100446920A 2005-09-09 2005-09-09 一种诱导海洋多倍体贝类的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100434048C (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102100198A (zh) * 2010-12-20 2011-06-22 山东海益宝水产股份有限公司 一种生产三倍体刺参苗的方法
CN108931468A (zh) * 2018-05-16 2018-12-04 中国海洋大学 一种简便快速检测牡蛎倍性的方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN101658149B (zh) * 2009-09-18 2011-07-27 中国海洋大学 一种用氯化钠诱导海洋贝类多倍体的方法

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US4834024A (en) * 1984-09-06 1989-05-30 Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington Inducing polyploidy in oysters
CN1075927C (zh) * 1994-01-21 2001-12-12 洛特格斯新泽西州立大学 生产四倍体软体动物和三倍体软体动物的方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102100198A (zh) * 2010-12-20 2011-06-22 山东海益宝水产股份有限公司 一种生产三倍体刺参苗的方法
CN108931468A (zh) * 2018-05-16 2018-12-04 中国海洋大学 一种简便快速检测牡蛎倍性的方法

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