CN101658149B - 一种用氯化钠诱导海洋贝类多倍体的方法 - Google Patents

一种用氯化钠诱导海洋贝类多倍体的方法 Download PDF

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CN101658149B
CN101658149B CN200910018992XA CN200910018992A CN101658149B CN 101658149 B CN101658149 B CN 101658149B CN 200910018992X A CN200910018992X A CN 200910018992XA CN 200910018992 A CN200910018992 A CN 200910018992A CN 101658149 B CN101658149 B CN 101658149B
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sodium chloride
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polar body
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CN101658149A (zh
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于瑞海
王昭萍
邸炜鹏
张晨晨
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Shandong Anyuan Aquaculture Co., Ltd.
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Ocean University of China
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种用氯化钠诱导海洋贝类多倍体的方法，其特征是选取贝类种贝，分别获取精、卵，进行人工受精，连续镜检观察受精卵的发育情况，确定受精卵培育的水体数，在观察到40-50％的受精卵释放第一极体或观察到第一个受精卵出现第一极体时，向盛受精卵的培育海水中按1000mL培育海水加20-40克的比例，加入氯化钠抑制受精卵第二极体或抑制第一极体的释放，搅动均匀，处理10-15min后，将受精卵重新移至正常海水中孵化。所述的海洋贝类为太平洋牡蛎、栉孔扇贝、海湾扇贝、近江牡蛎、文蛤和魁蚶。本方法利用氯化钠诱导剂处理贝类受精卵，抑制一个极体的释放，产生贝类多倍体，无毒、高效、操作简单。

Description

一种用氯化钠诱导海洋贝类多倍体的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种诱导海洋贝类多倍体的方法，特别是涉及一种用氯化钠诱导海洋贝类多倍体的方法。
背景技术
三倍体贝类由于其育性差、生长快、品质优等特点而成为贝类养殖育种的重要组成部分。诱导多倍体贝类的方法主要有三类：一是采用细胞松弛素B(简称CB)或6-DMAP等化学诱导剂抑制极体降放；二是采用温度休克或静水压物理诱导；三是生物杂交，即利用四倍体与二倍体杂交产生全三倍体。目前，科研和生产上主要采用的是CB、6-DMAP等化学诱导剂诱导法，但由于CB、6-DMAP等化学试剂都具有较强的毒性，化学诱导对诱导贝类的胚胎及操作人员都有一定的毒害作用，废液污染环境，且其价格昂贵，不易生产推广应用；物理诱导中静水压处理需要特殊的仪器，处理受精卵的量较少，不适宜生产应用，且诱导效率低，诱导效果不稳定，温度休克虽然相对简单，但诱导效果较差；生物杂交简单有效，但四倍体亲贝的获得是该方法应用的一个难以解决的瓶颈。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用氯化钠诱导海洋贝类多倍体的方法，它能克服现有各种方法的上述缺点.
一种用氯化钠诱导海洋贝类多倍体的方法，其特征是选取贝类种贝，分别获取精、卵，进行人工受精，连续镜检观察受精卵的发育情况，确定受精卵培育的水体数，在观察到40-50％的受精卵释放第一极体或观察到第一个受精卵出现第一极体时，向盛受精卵的培育海水中按1000ml培育海水加2040克的比例，加入氯化钠抑制受精卵第二极体或抑制第一极体的释放，搅动均匀，处理10-15min后，将受精卵重新移至正常海水中孵化。
本方法利用氯化钠诱导剂处理贝类受精卵，抑制一个极体的释放，产生贝类多倍体，无毒、高效、操作简单，且成本极低。
具体实施方式
实施例1、以在正常海水(盐度为30)中生活的太平洋牡蛎为例，取太平洋牡蛎种贝，通过解剖或者诱导排放，分别获取精、卵，进行人工受精，连续镜检观察受精卵的发育情况，确定受精卵培育的水体数为3000ml，在观察到40-50％的受精卵释放出第一极体时，按1000ml培育海水加20-40克氯化钠的比例加入氯化纳，本实施例中每1000ml培育海水加30克氯化钠，诱导效果好，立即向太平洋牡蛎受精卵培育水体加90克的氯化钠，抑制太平洋牡蛎受精卵第二极体释放，搅动均匀，处理15min后，将受精卵重新移至正常海水中孵化。获得三倍体率最高为95％。
实施例2、以在正常海水(盐度为30)中生活的栉孔扇贝为例，取栉孔扇贝种贝，通过诱导排放，分别获取精、卵，进行人工受精，连续镜检观察受精卵的发育情况，确定受精卵培育的水体数为3000ml，在观察到第一个受精卵出现第一极体时，按1000ml培育海水35克的比例，向栉孔扇贝受精卵培育海水加105克的氯化钠，抑制栉孔扇贝受精卵第一极体释放，搅动均匀，处理10min后，将受精卵重新移至正常海水中孵化。获得三倍体率最高为90％。
上述实施例1、2也适用于其他产卵性海洋贝类如海湾扇贝、近江牡蛎、文蛤、魁蚶。通过实施例1、2产生的贝类多倍体，具有无毒、高效、操作简单，且成本较低的优点。

Claims (2)

1.一种用氯化钠诱导海洋贝类多倍体的方法，其特征是选取贝类种贝，分别获取精、卵，进行人工受精，连续镜检观察受精卵的发育情况，确定受精卵培育的水体数，在观察到40-50％的受精卵释放第一极体或观察到第一个受精卵出现第一极体时，向盛受精卵的培育海水中按1000ml培育海水加20-40克的比例，加入氯化钠抑制受精卵第二极体或抑制第一极体的释放，搅动均匀，处理10-15min后，将受精卵重新移至正常海水中孵化。
2.如权利要求1所述的用氯化钠诱导海洋贝类多倍体的方法，其特征是所述的海洋贝类为太平洋牡蛎、栉孔扇贝、海湾扇贝、近江牡蛎、文蛤和魁蚶。
CN200910018992XA 2009-09-18 2009-09-18 一种用氯化钠诱导海洋贝类多倍体的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101658149B (zh)

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CN109730008B (zh) * 2019-03-11 2021-01-01 中国海洋大学 一种培育葡萄牙牡蛎四倍体的方法
CN112586411A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-04-02 宁德市南海水产科技有限公司 一种海洋贝类生物良种选育方法
CN112931323A (zh) * 2021-03-05 2021-06-11 中国海洋大学 一种长牡蛎“海大3号”新品种高杂合度四倍体的诱导方法

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CN1308856A (zh) * 2001-02-27 2001-08-22 青岛海洋大学 用6－dmap诱导牡蛎三倍体的育苗方法
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