CN1712562A - 含有聚碳酸酯成分的树脂的非电解镀金方法 - Google Patents
含有聚碳酸酯成分的树脂的非电解镀金方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有聚碳酸酯成分的树脂的非电解镀金方法,包括以下几个阶段:镀金部分遮蔽阶段,对聚碳酸酯以及含有聚碳酸酯的被镀物的镀金部分实施遮蔽;未镀金部分的第1遮蔽阶段,对所述被镀物的未镀金部分涂敷粘接剂后进行干燥;未镀金部分的第2遮蔽阶段,对涂敷所述粘接剂并已干燥的未镀金部分进行喷雾遮蔽剂处理并干燥;镀金部分的遮蔽胶带除去阶段,除去所述被镀物的镀金部分上的遮蔽胶带;预处理阶段,对露出所述镀金部分的被镀物进行预处理;镍镀阶段,对已实施上述预处理的被镀物进行非电解镀镍处理;浸入溶剂阶段,将已镀镍的被镀物浸入到溶剂中;消除遮蔽阶段,消除由于所述溶剂的浸泡而起泡的被镀物的粘接剂和遮蔽剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及以含有聚碳酸酯成分的树脂的电磁波屏蔽以及外装处理为目的的、作为电镀的基层镀金的非电解镀金方法,具体地说涉及非电解镀金方法,所述方法是在以工程塑料中的聚碳酸酯以及大量含有(70%以上)聚碳酸酯的复合树脂制品的电磁波屏蔽以及外装处理为目的的、作为电镀的基层镀金的非电解镀金方法中,对被镀物进行遮蔽处理后,实施预处理工艺来消除由于表面催化中赋予极性后残留的表面张力而不均匀的表面催化核心连接力的降低现象。
背景技术
一般来说,随着工业高度发达而开发的各种电子仪器给人们生活带来方便,但是与此同时产生严重的危害。其中,最近尤为严重的是电磁波产生的各种影响。电磁波作为各种电器、电子仪器产生的能量波的一种,干扰各种精密仪器,产生工业灾害以及各种职业病。
随着文明程度的越来越发达,工业仪器逐渐进入计算机化的时代,而电磁波干扰产生的仪器误动作就会引起致命性灾害。
因此,先进国家纷纷制定各种有害电磁波的相关规定,对自己国家生产的制品和从外国进口的制品都要求遵守该规定,对不符合规定的制品责令禁止生产和进口。为此而需要另外进行涂覆等外装处理。
另外,随着各种电器、电子仪器的小型化和轻便化的趋势,塑料用于电器、电子仪器的附件以及外壳的需求急剧增大。
但是,塑料为绝缘体,为了屏蔽电磁波,需要进行其它表面加工来形成导电层。
这些表面加工可采用镀金、导电涂覆、金属焊接等方法,其中经济性以及屏蔽能力优良的镀金(非电解镀金)方法最为广泛使用。但是,以往的所有电磁波屏蔽方法除了外装表面处理之外,还都需要附加的处理工艺,因此不可避免地引起效率降低以及成本上升。而通过本发明的一系列工艺,在一个湿式镀金工艺中即可全部解决提高外装和电磁波屏蔽的效率以及美感的问题。
为了塑料树脂的非电解镀金,需要实施保持镀膜和树脂的密合性的表面加工(浸蚀以及表面催化),以往只对表面加工[利用酸溶出B(丁二烯)成分形成微细空穴、以及利用空穴上露出的极性基团实施表面催化]容易的ABS以及大量含有ABS(50以上)的复合树脂进行非电解镀金。
但是,所述ABS具有耐气候性差的缺点,为此需要开发出具有更加良好物理性质的塑料材料。
另外,与所述ABS不同,聚碳酸酯(PC)不仅具有良好耐气候性和良好机械强度,而且具有耐冲击性,所以其工业适用范围广。但是,其成分属于单一成分,浸蚀困难,随着树脂制造时的各种添加剂以及各种成形条件的影响,耐药性以及树脂表面结构的特性变化等就会敏感,所以存在用于获得良好密合性的浸蚀以及表面催化非常复杂的问题。
由于上述问题,聚碳酸酯虽然具有非常优良的物理性质,但用于镀金的可能性非常小。
由于聚碳酸酯树脂具有单一成分,所以不同于ABS,不能采用只消除整体中的部分成分来使制品表面形成微细凹凸的方法,因此需要先将其表面起泡后,消除其起泡表面并浸蚀。而且,由于不具有极性,难以实施表面催化,与催化核心的紧密性差,所以需要赋予表面极性的过程。
另外,由于制造树脂时所用各种添加剂以及成形条件等的影响,即使浸蚀,也得不到均匀的表面凹凸,而且即使赋予极性,由于抑制极性赋予的添加剂的影响,也时常出现降低催化核心连接力等的现象,所以需要这些影响的消除工艺。
以往采用以有机溶剂来实施浸蚀的方法,但这就存在容易引起火灾危险等的操作上的困难。此外,为了消除上面所述的树脂制造时所用各种添加剂以及成形条件等的影响并获得密合性高的浸蚀效果,需要加强浸蚀强度,但加强浸蚀强度时就会产生聚碳酸酯的表面剥离以及龟裂。另外,成形条件产生的不均匀表面经过这些严重浸蚀后更加与其它部分不同,形成不均匀的表面状态,引起表面均匀性降低和不良外观。
而且,当添加剂含量高且成形条件差时,即使实施上述严重浸蚀,也会在很多情况下得不到所需紧密性。
发明内容
为解决上述问题而提出本发明。本发明的目的是提供一种非电解镀金方法,所述方法通过粘接剂以及遮蔽剂提高未镀金部分的气密性,实现精密镀金,实现在聚碳酸酯树脂上的外装和屏蔽电磁波等的一次性处理,对已遮蔽处理的被镀物实施非电解镀金工艺的预处理工艺并利用水溶性处理液,实现操作上的便利和安全性,实施预处理工艺来消除对镀膜密合性产生影响的、制造树脂时所用各种添加剂以及成形条件等的影响。
本发明方法包括以下几个阶段:镀金部分遮蔽阶段,对聚碳酸酯以及大量含有(70%以上)聚碳酸酯的被镀物的镀金部分进行遮蔽;未镀金部分的第1遮蔽阶段,对所述被镀物的未镀金部分涂敷粘接剂后进行干燥;未镀金部分的第2遮蔽阶段,对涂敷所述粘接剂并已干燥的未镀金部分进行遮蔽剂喷雾处理并干燥;镀金部分的遮蔽胶带除去阶段,除去所述被镀物的镀金部分上的遮蔽胶带;预处理阶段,对露出所述镀金部分的被镀物进行预处理,消除添加剂引起的连接力降低;镍镀阶段,对已实施上述预处理的被镀物进行非电解镀镍处理;浸入溶剂阶段,将已镀镍的被镀物浸入溶剂中,使所述未镀金部分的粘接剂和遮蔽剂浸泡;消除遮蔽阶段,消除由于所述溶剂的浸泡而起泡的被镀物的粘接剂和遮蔽剂。
在所述遮蔽阶段,对镀金部分进行遮蔽胶带的处理。也就是利用普通遮蔽胶带(例如,3M遮蔽胶带),对镀金部分进行遮蔽处理。
在所述未镀金部分的第1遮蔽阶段,在进行遮蔽剂处理时,为了保持遮蔽剂和被镀物表面的紧密性而处理未镀金部分。也就是喷涂粘接剂后,在干燥机上50℃温度下干燥10分钟。所述喷雾粘接剂可使用临时粘接后可以没有痕迹地再次粘接的韩国3M公司的#75临时固定用喷雾粘接剂。
在所述未镀金部分的第2遮蔽阶段,在未镀金部分上的已喷雾处理的粘接剂上喷雾涂敷遮蔽剂。所述遮蔽剂可以将乳胶(ELECTROLUBE公司的PCM250)或硅橡胶(L&L Hitech公司的RTV 3400A 100g和RTV 3400B 2g)与耐化学性的粉末用蒸馏水混合使用,在干燥机上50℃温度下干燥30分钟。
此时,所述乳胶可利用喷雾粘接剂对基质进行涂敷,而硅橡胶可加入作为粘接成分的密封剂进行涂敷。
在所述浸入溶剂阶段以及消除遮蔽阶段,消除被镀物的未镀金部分上的粘接剂以及遮蔽剂。当在己烷等溶剂内浸入被镀物时,粘接剂和遮蔽剂就会起泡,将这些起泡的粘接剂和遮蔽剂进行消除。
在所述预处理阶段,实施镀金部分的预处理。所述预处理可包括如下几个阶段:洗涤阶段,对聚碳酸酯以及含有聚碳酸酯的被镀物进行洗涤;硝酸处理阶段,对已洗涤的被镀物进行硝酸处理;前处理液处理阶段,对所述硝酸处理后的被镀物用含有表面活性剂的前处理液进行处理;第1浸蚀阶段,将所述前处理液处理后的被镀物浸入到含有无水铬酸、磺酸、消泡剂以及浸渍剂的浸蚀溶液中;第2浸蚀阶段,以指定速度搅拌所述浸蚀溶液并进行二次浸蚀;中和阶段,将所述浸蚀后的被镀物用含有中和液和盐酸以及水等的混合液进行中和处理;赋予极性阶段,将所述中和处理后的被镀物用含有赋予极性液和盐酸以及水等的混合液进行处理并赋予极性;活性处理阶段,将所述赋予极性后的被镀物用盐酸以及磺酸进行处理。
在所述洗涤阶段,将聚碳酸酯以及大量含有聚碳酸酯的(70%以上)被镀物在50~60℃范围内洗涤5分钟。
在所述硝酸处理阶段,将已洗涤的被镀物在50℃温度下用酸性的40%硝酸处理约5分钟后水洗,此时,添加可用于酸性环境的表面活性剂,使硝酸与树脂表面充分接触,使硝酸效果加快并最大化,所以比以往时间缩短1/2左右。
在所述前处理液处理阶段,将己硝酸处理的被镀物用前处理液和水以4∶6的比例混合的混合液在43℃温度下处理100秒后用水洗,其中所述前处理液是将56重量%的1,3-二氯-2-丙醇和8重量%的烷基萘磺酸钠与36重量%的蒸馏水混合得到的。
在所述第1,第2浸蚀阶段,将被镀物利用浸蚀溶液在72℃浸蚀2分钟后回收2次并用水洗4次,其中所述浸蚀溶液包括消泡剂和浸渍剂以及520g/L的无水铬酸和18重量%的磺酸。此时,将所述浸蚀溶液以300rpm的速度一直搅拌至浸蚀工艺结束。
所述消泡剂是一种表面活性剂,用于抑制发泡或破坏产生的气泡。当浸蚀树脂时产生的气泡粘在树脂上不脱离时,被粘住的部分不能继续得到浸蚀效果,所以添加消泡剂来消除气泡。所述消泡剂可使用NON-MIST(消泡剂)等的铬酸专用消泡剂,添加量为相对5L的浸蚀液加入约3.8g。
所述浸渍剂用于降低树脂表面和浸蚀液之间的表面张力,含有可用于酸性环境的表面活性剂,添加量为相对5L的浸蚀液加入约500ml酸性表面活性剂。
所述酸性表面活性剂可使用硫酸烷基芳基酯(alkylarylester sulfate)、脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯和脂肪酸等的混合物。
在所述中和阶段,将被镀物用含有2.5重量%的中和液、10重量%的35%盐酸和8.7重量%的水等的混合液在60℃左右的温度下处理5分钟后用水洗,其中所述中和液是将18重量%的硫酸羟胺与82重量%的蒸馏水混合得到的。
在所述极性赋予阶段,将被镀物用含有7重量%的极性赋予液、7重量%的35%盐酸和86重量%的水等的混合液在40℃左右的温度下处理4分钟,其中所述极性赋予液是将80重量%的1,2-乙二胺与20重量%的蒸馏水混合得到的。
所述活性处理阶段包括利用盐酸处理的第一次活性处理阶段和利用磺酸处理的第二次活性处理阶段。
在所述第一次活性处理阶段,利用100cc/L的催化赋予液和100cc/L的盐酸活性处理10分钟后用水洗4次,其中所述催化赋予液是将0.2g/L的氯化钯(PdCl2)和520g/L的氯化亚锡(SnCl2)混合得到的。
在所述第二次活性处理阶段,利用5%的磺酸在40℃温度下进行第二次活性处理10分钟后用水洗3次。
所述镀镍阶段包括:化学铜镀金阶段,对已活性处理的被镀物的镀金部分进行化学铜镀金;镀镍阶段,对所述化学铜镀金后的被镀物的镀金部分进行非电解镀镍;干燥阶段,对所述己镀镍的被镀物在50℃温度下干燥约30分钟。
在所述化学铜镀金阶段,利用将12g/L的氯化铜(CuCl2)、2.0~3.0g/L的甲醛、67g/L的氢氧化钠、以及1520g/L的EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)等混合后少量加入2,2-双吡啶的水溶液,进行化学铜镀金后,用水洗3次。
在所述镀镍阶段,利用将30g/L的磺酸镍、20g/L的NaH2PO2·H2O(次磷酸钠)和20g/L的柠檬酸钠等混合的水溶液,在40℃进行10分钟的非电解镀镍后用水洗3次。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例详细说明本发明。
实施例1
对聚碳酸酯以及含有50%的聚碳酸酯的被镀物的镀金部分利用遮蔽胶带进行处理,对未镀金部分喷雾涂敷粘接剂后在干燥机上50℃温度下干燥10分钟,并在所述粘接剂上面进一步涂敷遮蔽剂后在干燥机上50℃温度下干燥30分钟,进行遮蔽处理。
在除去这样遮蔽处理的被镀物的镀金部分上的遮蔽胶带,露出镀金部分后,将露出所述镀金部分的被镀物在50℃洗涤5分钟,并用40%硝酸在50℃处理5分钟以及用水洗,使表面发泡。接着,将前处理液和水以4∶6比例混合,在43℃温度下处理100秒后,用水洗,除去起泡的表面层。然后,将已除去所述表面层的被镀物用浸蚀溶液以300rpm速度搅拌并在72℃浸蚀2分钟后回收2次、用水洗4次,完成浸蚀处理。其中,所述前处理液是将56重量%的1,3-二氯-2-丙醇和8重量%的烷基萘磺酸钠与36重量%的蒸馏水混合得到的,所述浸蚀溶液是将20g/L的无水铬酸、18重量%的磺酸、消泡剂(NON-MIST)以及浸渍剂(硫酸烷基芳基酯(alkylarylester sulfate))等混合得到的。
将所述已浸蚀处理的被镀物用含有2.5重量%的中和液、10重量%的35%盐酸和8.7重量%的水等的混合液在60℃左右的温度下处理5分钟后用水洗并中和处理。其中,所述中和液是将18重量%的硫酸羟胺与82重量%的蒸馏水混合得到的。接着,将所述被镀物用含有7重量%的极性赋予液、7重量%的35%盐酸和86重量%的水等的混合液在40℃左右的温度下处理4分钟赋予极性。其中,所述极性赋予液是将80重量%的1,2-乙二胺与20重量%的蒸馏水混合得到的。
接着,将所述已赋予极性的被镀物用含有100cc/L的催化赋予液和100cc/L的盐酸等的混合液处理10分钟后用水洗4次进行第一次活性处理。其中,所述催化赋予液是将0.2g//L的氯化钯(PdCl2)和520g//L的氯化亚锡(SnCl2)混合得到的。然后,用5%的磺酸在40℃温度下进行10分钟的第二次活性处理后用水洗3次,完成第二次活性处理。
将所述已活性处理的被镀物利用通过将12g/L的氯化铜(CuCl2)、2.0~3.0g/L的甲醛、67g/L的氢氧化钠、以及1520g/L的EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)等混合后少量加入2,2-双吡啶得到的水溶液,进行化学铜镀金后,用水洗3次。接着,利用通过将30g/L的磺酸镍、20g/L的NaH2PO2·H2O(次磷酸钠)和20g/L的柠檬酸钠等混合得到的水溶液,在40℃进行10分钟的非电解镀镍后用水洗3次。将这些已镀镍的被镀物在50℃温度下干燥约30分钟。对这些被镀物进行遮蔽性和密合性的试验,其结果如表1所示。此时,遮蔽性是比较镀金部分和未镀金部分,密合性试验是利用尖刀对镀膜切开1mm间隔的槽并粘接胶带,进行密合性试验。
实施例2
将聚碳酸酯以及含有70%聚碳酸酯的被镀物,同实施例1的方法进行遮蔽处理以及预处理后,实施镀镍。其遮蔽性和密合性的试验结果如表1所示。
实施例3
将聚碳酸酯以及含有100%聚碳酸酯的被镀物,同实施例1的方法进行遮蔽处理以及预处理后,实施镀镍。其遮蔽性和密合性的试验结果如表1所示。
比较例1
将聚碳酸酯以及含有50%聚碳酸酯的被镀物,通过以往的ABS树脂镀金方法实施镀镍。其遮蔽性和密合性的试验结果如表1所示。
比较例2
将聚碳酸酯以及含有70%聚碳酸酯的被镀物,通过以往的ABS树脂镀金方法实施镀镍。其遮蔽性和密合性的试验结果如表1所示。
比较例3
将聚碳酸酯以及含有100%聚碳酸酯的被镀物,通过以往的ABS树脂镀金方法实施镀镍。其遮蔽性和密合性的试验结果如表1所示。
表1
遮蔽性 | 密合性 | |
实施例1 | 100% | 97~100% |
实施例2 | 100% | 97~100% |
实施例3 | 100% | 97~100% |
比较例1 | 100% | 97~100% |
比较例2 | 40~60% | 70%以下 |
比较例3 | 30%以下 | 40%以下 |
如上所述,通过上述工艺,对聚碳酸酯以及含有70%以上聚碳酸酯的树脂制品实施非电解镀金时,与以往的ABS树脂的镀金方法相比,以往的镀金方法不能镀金,或者不能镀金部分超过60%以上,而本发明可实施100%的镀金。
因此,根据本发明,利用粘接剂和遮蔽剂对聚碳酸酯以及含有70%以上聚碳酸酯的树脂制品的未镀金部分实施二次处理,提高密合性,容易实现指定部分的镀金,且在预处理工艺中防止遮蔽剂的脱落,并提高镀金部分的美观。
另外,通过预处理工艺,可对聚碳酸酯以及含有70%以上聚碳酸酯的树脂制品实施非电解镀镍,由此克服以往的ABS树脂具有的不良物理性质。
Claims (5)
1、一种含有聚碳酸酯成分的树脂的非电解镀金方法,其特征是,所述方法包括:镀金部分遮蔽阶段,对聚碳酸酯以及含有聚碳酸酯的被镀物的镀金部分实施遮蔽;未镀金部分的第1遮蔽阶段,对所述被镀物的未镀金部分涂敷粘接剂后干燥;未镀金部分的第2遮蔽阶段,对涂敷所述粘接剂并已干燥的未镀金部分进行遮蔽剂喷雾处理后干燥;镀金部分的遮蔽胶带除去阶段,除去所述被镀物的镀金部分上的遮蔽胶带;预处理阶段,对露出所述镀金部分的被镀物进行预处理,消除添加剂引起的连接力降低;镍镀阶段,对已实施上述预处理的被镀物进行非电解镀镍处理;浸入溶剂阶段,将已镀镍的被镀物浸入溶剂中,使所述未镀金部分的粘接剂和遮蔽剂浸泡;消除遮蔽阶段,消除由于所述溶剂的浸泡而起泡的被镀物的粘接剂和遮蔽剂。
2、如权利要求1所述的含有聚碳酸酯成分的树脂的非电解镀金方法,其特征是,所述遮蔽剂是将乳胶或硅橡胶与耐化学性的粉末用蒸馏水混合得到的。
3、如权利要求1所述的含有聚碳酸酯成分的树脂的非电解镀金方法,其特征是,所述溶剂是己烷。
4、如权利要求1所述的含有聚碳酸酯成分的树脂的非电解镀金方法,其特征是,所述预处理阶段包括:洗涤阶段,对聚碳酸酯以及含有聚碳酸酯的被镀物进行洗涤;硝酸处理阶段,对已洗涤的被镀物进行硝酸处理;前处理液处理阶段,对所述硝酸处理后的被镀物利用含有表面活性剂的前处理液进行处理;第1浸蚀阶段,将所述前处理液处理后的被镀物浸入到含有无水铬酸、磺酸、消泡剂以及浸渍剂的浸蚀溶液中;第2浸蚀阶段,以指定速度搅拌所述浸蚀溶液并进行二次浸蚀;中和阶段,将所述浸蚀后的被镀物用含有中和液和盐酸以及水的混合液进行中和处理;赋予极性阶段,将所述中和处理后的被镀物用含有极性赋予液、盐酸和水的混合液进行处理并赋予极性;活性处理阶段,将所述极性赋予后的被镀物用盐酸和磺酸进行处理。
5、如权利要求1所述的含有聚碳酸酯成分的树脂的非电解镀金方法,其特征是,所述镀镍阶段包括:化学铜镀金阶段,对已活性处理的被镀物进行化学铜镀金;镀镍阶段,对所述化学铜镀金后的被镀物进行非电解镀镍;干燥阶段,对所述镀镍后的被镀物进行干燥。
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