CN1703500A - 可用于提高蒸气压缩系统中油分离性能的润滑剂 - Google Patents

可用于提高蒸气压缩系统中油分离性能的润滑剂 Download PDF

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CN1703500A
CN1703500A CNA2003801009588A CN200380100958A CN1703500A CN 1703500 A CN1703500 A CN 1703500A CN A2003801009588 A CNA2003801009588 A CN A2003801009588A CN 200380100958 A CN200380100958 A CN 200380100958A CN 1703500 A CN1703500 A CN 1703500A
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weight
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oil
polymeric additive
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T·E·拉耶夫斯基
K·C·利耶
J·C·托尔法
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Abstract

本发明公开了用于压缩机润滑剂的高分子添加剂，所述添加剂能够减小润滑剂被压缩气体夹带并被作为压缩气系统(例如压缩空气、天然气和压缩冷冻系统)中细小分散的液滴带出的倾向。

Description

可用于提高蒸气压缩系统中油分离性能的润滑剂
发明背景
本发明涉及用于压缩机润滑剂的高分子添加剂，这种高分子添加剂可减少以压缩空气中的雾的形式从压缩机排出侧携带出的润滑剂的量。在冷冻系统中，压缩气是制冷剂。在其它系统中，压缩气可以是例如天然气的燃料，或者例如空气的混合气体。
背景技术
聚合物已用于多种润滑剂中，以降低润滑剂粘性的温度敏感性(例如在高温下保持较高的润滑剂粘性)。尽管有些润滑剂的粘性对温度不是特别敏感，但其它流体的粘性非常依赖于温度。如果润滑剂的粘性对温度不那么敏感，就称其为具有高粘度指数(HVI)。
很少有人建议使用聚合物(例如用作粘度指数改性剂的聚合物)以消除用于压缩系统的润滑剂中的雾。
发明概要
向润滑剂中加入可溶于其中的高分子添加剂，以抑制润滑剂中的油在压缩气流中分散为小液滴的倾向。根据润滑剂小液滴是被看作雾还是被看作悬浮的烟，可以把上述作用描述为消雾或者消烟。重要的是，高分子添加剂在润滑剂、润滑剂体系内的许多溶液以及压缩气中都具有良好的溶解度。高分子添加剂还应当能够抵抗机械断链(例如剪切)或热断链，从而使得高分子添加剂的分子量在润滑剂的有效寿命期间不会急剧下降。由于可用的高分子添加剂需要与润滑剂之间和压缩气之间具有有利的相互作用，因此，添加剂是否可用将部分取决于润滑剂的化学组成，部分取决于压缩气的组成。在润滑剂配制物中混入大聚合材料可能会改变润滑剂与气体之间的界面张力。高分子添加剂对于减少通过机械分离装置的带出物具有明显的效果，并有利地影响润滑剂液滴的大小。可用的高分子添加剂包括聚烯烃，例如聚异丁烯，和丙烯酸酯聚合物，例如亚乙基-乙烯基酯共聚物或聚甲基丙烯酸酯。只要分子量稳定且添加剂可溶于润滑剂中，共聚物包含多种少量其它单体也是适宜的。
发明详述
本发明是润滑剂、高分子添加剂和可压缩气体的结合，通过该结合，本发明的流体(润滑剂或者润滑剂和压缩气)提供了比不含该添加剂的润滑剂/气体更好的(更有效的)润滑剂/气体分离性能。
在与本发明相关的、题名为“使用无烟润滑剂的压缩机系统”的专利申请中，描述了涉及降低了去除细小分散的润滑剂(其分类为气溶胶，夹带在脱离压缩机的压缩气中)对设备的要求的压缩系统的有关申请。该申请具有第＿＿号美国申请序列号，受让人是York International Corp.ofWaynesboro，PA，是与本申请同日递交的。
蒸气压缩系统使用多种压缩机(例如往复式、旋叶式、回转螺杆式、蜗管式等)进行操作。适宜的是最大程度地在组合物离开压缩机的时候从压缩气中分离润滑剂。通常使用机械分离器以实现润滑剂与压缩气的较好分离。机械式油分离器增加了蒸气压缩系统的复杂性和费用。如果油(润滑剂)分离系统能够1)外形较小，2)不太复杂(以便于生产和维护)，且3)更有效地从压缩气中除去润滑剂，将是有利的。
由于与润滑剂分离系统相关的流速减小和压力下降问题，油带出物会导致封闭系统例如冷冻系统的效率降低。在工业应用中，带出物还会引发操作上的问题。例如：A)在压缩空气的系统中——油带出物污染呼吸的空气，弄脏由空气操作的设备并污染空气干燥系统，产生危险的废物；B)在压缩烃的系统中——进入燃气轮机中的压缩机油带出物对涡轮叶片造成诸多低效和损坏；C)在压缩工艺气体的系统中——压缩机油带出物会污染昂贵的催化剂系统和工艺材料；D)在冷冻系统中——因为油膜在冷表面上扩张，进入低温热交换区域的压缩机油带出物导致热传递效率的损失。
本发明组合物可以使系统克服上述一个或全部问题或者有所改进。
本发明是润滑剂基础油(如果需要，可包括增强润滑剂性能的典型的添加剂)、挑选的用于提高油分离性能的高分子添加剂和可压缩气体的结合。
润滑剂基础油包括：羧酸酯(例如二酯、三酯、多元醇酯等)；合成烃(例如聚α烯，以及由气体进行例如费-托转化的转化而生成的各种产物)；矿物油(例如加氢裂化矿物油、氢化处理矿物油、链烷族矿物油、环烷族矿物油)；聚亚烷基二醇，又被称为聚氧化烯或PAG(例如单官能聚乙二醇、双官能聚乙二醇、被聚乙二醇封端的酯或醚等)；及烷基芳香烃(例如烷基化的苯和烷基化的萘)或它们不同比例的混合物。
油分离(聚合的)添加剂包括可与需要的润滑剂混溶并与气体和润滑剂的混合物相容的中间重均分子量(例如600-1,000,000amu)的聚合物，更优选约70,000至约350,000，更加优选约100,000至约250,000。合意的是当润滑粘性的油是矿物油、合成烃、烷基苯或烷基萘时，高分子添加剂不是重均分子量为70,000或更低的丙烯酸酯聚合物。正确的分子量和相容性是通过以下条件表现出来的：与在相同条件下剪切的、不存在聚合改性剂的同样的油的对照物相比，可以将悬浮的油滴减少50重量％或更多。这种数据显示在实施例中。基于配制的润滑剂的重量，典型的处理水平为约0.02或0.1％至1、5、20或30％。优选的范围是约0.1至约5重量％。添加剂的实例包括：聚烯烃、聚丁烯；聚丙烯酸酯(包括甲基丙烯酸单体和由其衍生的重复单元)；烯烃/丙烯酸酯共聚物；烯烃/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物等。这些聚合物可包含对高分子添加剂与润滑油的相容性没有不利影响且不影响其作为雾抑制剂的功能的许多种其它可共聚合的单体。典型的单体包括2到8个碳原子的烯烃，例如乙烯、丙烯和异丁烯；4到20个碳原子的丙烯酸酯；丙烯酸及烷基取代的丙烯酸；不饱和的多羧酸；乙酸乙烯酯；3到10个碳原子的酰胺等。
可压缩气体包括含氯氟烃(CFC)、氢氯氟烃(HCFC)和氢氟烃(HFC)制冷剂(例如R-12、R-22、R-134a和许多其它种类)；低分子量的烃(例如甲烷、乙烷、异丁烯、乙烯、丙烯等及其组合，例如在油井或精炼厂气流中出现的)；天然气；氨；二氧化碳；空气；化学工厂中的各种工艺气体等。优选使用的是用于压缩冷冻设备的可压缩气体。
润滑剂基础油、高分子添加剂和可压缩气体的结合改善了润滑剂与可压缩气体的分离，使得机械式或其它油分离器存在的必要性最小。这可以通过在测试喷雾室中测量气体中的润滑剂微粒(mg/m3)得到证实。这一关键的性质可以使系统具有更小和较不复杂(最小的和/或简化的)分离装置。这会使费用更低、油分离器的尺寸更小及系统操作的效率更高(操作需要较少的能量消耗)。
实施例
减少气体中细小润滑剂分散的设想是使用其中混有合适的雾抑制剂的不同润滑剂加以证明的。以下实验中使用的气体是空气。样品为300ml、60℃。使用7500rpm的转刀剪切样品，产生烟或雾。对于常规油样品，该转刀在气相中产生悬浮油颗粒的云。达到稳态之后记录读数，并且此后5分钟每分钟另进行一次测量，每个样品共得到6个数据点。使用测量悬浮油滴的DataRAM分析仪测量样品上面气氛中的微粒，并以毫克/立方米气体为单位报出。
表1关于油中不同聚合物对雾的抑制作用的数据
实施例 说明 雾mg/m3
A  ISO-VG 68(多元醇酯)+1％FP-0111091(亚乙基-乙烯基酯共聚物) 40
B  ISO-VG 68氢化处理矿物油+1％Visc I-300+1％V-422(聚异丁烯) 2.1
C  ISO-VG 68氢化处理矿物油+1％Visc I-300+1％V-188(聚烯烃) 1.8
对照物D  ISO-VG 68氢化处理矿物油+2％Visc I-300 79
对照物E  ISO-VG 68氢化处理矿物油 119
对照物F  ISO-VG 68氢化处理矿物油+1％Visc I-300(聚甲基丙烯酸酯) 78
对照物H  ISO-VG 68(多元醇酯)，无添加剂 137
ISO-VG 68是指在40℃时粘度为68cSt。Visc I-300是RohMaxAdditives GmbH的商标产品Vsicoplex I-300，该公司是DeGussa的专门从事丙烯酸类业务的单位。表中所有其它添加剂都可以根据样品标识(例如FP-0111091、V-188、V-422)从Functional Products of Cleveland，Ohio获得。所述多元醇酯油是由工业级季戊四醇被直链C7、C8、C10羧酸和3，5，5-三甲基己酸酯化获得的多元醇酯，产生了特定的粘性。
该产物(润滑剂油和高分子添加剂的混合物)可用于蒸气压缩系统以提高系统的油分离性能。目前的油分离器可以做的更小，可以使用费用更低的分离元件操作，可以达到更高水平的油分离。
在本文中，短语“基本由……组成”允许包括以下物质：不会实质性影响所述组合物基本的、新颖的特征，即油能够提供润滑膜并能够使用最小的油分离装置从气相中分离(非必要地冷凝为液体)。“含有”是指至少具有所列要素，并且非必要地具有多种其它未指出的可能影响或可能不影响组合物基本特征的要素。

Claims (19)

1、气体压缩机和其中的润滑剂，其中所述润滑剂含有：
a)至少一种润滑粘性的油，
b)约0.1至约20重量％的在那些重量百分比下可溶于所述润滑剂的高分子添加剂，及
c)非必要的选自抗氧化剂、摩擦改性剂、分散剂、清洁剂、碱性保持剂、染料和缓蚀剂的润滑剂添加剂。
2、根据权利要求1的气体压缩机和其中的润滑剂，在所述压缩机内还包括含氯氟烃、氢氯氟烃、或氢氟烃气体。
3、根据权利要求2的气体压缩机和其中的润滑剂，其中所述润滑剂选自羧酸酯或聚亚烷基二醇、或者羧酸酯或聚亚烷基二醇与至少一种其它润滑粘性的油的混合物。
4、根据权利要求3的气体压缩机和其中的润滑剂，其中所述高分子添加剂选自数均分子量为约600至约1,000,000amu、具有至少10重量％的包含至少一个氧原子或氮原子的重复单元的聚合物。
5、根据权利要求2的气体压缩机和其中的润滑剂，其中所述润滑剂含有矿物油、合成烃、烷基苯或烷基萘。
6、根据权利要求4的气体压缩机和其中的润滑剂，其中所述高分子添加剂的至少30重量％的重复单元包含一个或多个氧原子或氮原子。
7、根据权利要求1的气体压缩机和其中的润滑剂，其中还包括低分子量的烃气体、二氧化碳、氨或空气。
8、根据权利要求7的气体压缩机和其中的润滑剂，其中所述润滑剂含有羧酸酯、聚亚烷基二醇。
9、根据权利要求8的气体压缩机和其中的润滑剂，其中所述高分子添加剂选自数均分子量为约600至约1,000,000amu、具有至少10重量％的包含至少一个氧原子或氮原子的重复单元的聚合物。
10、根据权利要求7的气体压缩机和其中的润滑剂，其中所述润滑剂含有至少50重量％的、选自聚α烯烃、矿物油和烷基芳香烃的烃类润滑剂。
11、根据权利要求10的气体压缩机和其中的润滑剂，其中所述高分子添加剂选自数均分子量为约600至约1,000,000amu的聚合物，所述聚合物包括含有至少40重量％的C2至C30直链或支链烯烃重复单元的均聚物、共聚物、三元共聚物等。
12、根据权利要求11的气体压缩机和其中的润滑剂，其中所述高分子添加剂是聚异丁烯或其它聚烯烃均聚物或基本上是聚烯烃共聚物。
13、使用由润滑剂润滑的机械压缩机压缩气体的方法，其特征在于该方法包括向所述润滑剂中加入约0.1至约20重量％的、数均分子量为600至1,000,000amu的可溶于所述润滑剂的聚合物，以抑制所述润滑剂被包含在压缩气体输出物中带出压缩机的倾向。
14、根据权利要求13的方法，其中所述压缩的气体含有包括天然气的低分子量烃、氨、或二氧化碳。
15、根据权利要求13的方法，其中所述高分子添加剂含有包含至少40重量％的C2至C30直链或支链烯烃重复单元的均聚物、共聚物、三元共聚物等。
16、根据权利要求13的方法，其中所述高分子添加剂含有至少10重量％的包含至少一个氧原子或氮原子的重复单元。
17、根据权利要求13的方法，其中所述气体包含含氯氟烃、氢氯氟烃、或氢氟烃。
18、一种气体压缩机润滑剂，其含有：
a)至少一种润滑粘性的油，
b)约0.1至约20重量％的在那些重量百分比下可溶于所述润滑剂的高分子添加剂，及
c)非必要的选自抗氧化剂、摩擦改性剂、分散剂、清洁剂、碱性保持剂、染料和缓蚀剂的润滑剂添加剂，
其中所述重量百分比基于所述润滑剂的重量，且当润滑粘性的油是矿物油、合成烃、烷基苯或烷基萘时，其中所述高分子添加剂不是重均分子量为70,000或更低的丙烯酸酯聚合物。
19、一种气体压缩机润滑剂，其含有：
a)至少一种润滑粘性的油，
b)约0.02至约30重量％的在那些重量百分比下可溶于所述润滑剂的高分子添加剂，及
c)非必要的选自抗氧化剂、摩擦改性剂、分散剂、清洁剂、碱性保持剂、染料和缓蚀剂的润滑剂添加剂，
当润滑粘性的油是矿物油、合成烃、烷基苯或烷基萘时，其中所述高分子添加剂不是重均分子量为70,000或更低的丙烯酸酯聚合物，其中所述重量百分比基于所述润滑剂的重量，并且其中高分子添加剂和润滑油的组合物的特征在于，与不含所述添加剂的、被充分剪切以产生气态悬浮油滴的同样的油的对照物相比，所述组合物能够将相邻气相中的悬浮油滴的量减少至少50％。
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Open date: 20051130