CN1697940A - 滑动轴承 - Google Patents
滑动轴承 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1697940A CN1697940A CNA2004800001668A CN200480000166A CN1697940A CN 1697940 A CN1697940 A CN 1697940A CN A2004800001668 A CNA2004800001668 A CN A2004800001668A CN 200480000166 A CN200480000166 A CN 200480000166A CN 1697940 A CN1697940 A CN 1697940A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
- F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/14—Polyamide-imides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/746—Slipping, anti-blocking, low friction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K2003/3009—Sulfides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
- C10M2201/0413—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
- C10M2201/0613—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
- C10M2201/0653—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
- C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
- C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
- C10M2201/0663—Molybdenum sulfide used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/044—Polyamides
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/023—Multi-layer lubricant coatings
- C10N2050/025—Multi-layer lubricant coatings in the form of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
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Abstract
提供一种具有优良的初始适应性和抗咬合性以及高的耐用性和耐热性的滑动轴承。一种滑动轴承,包括形成于轴承合金层上、含有树脂和固体润滑剂的涂层,特征在于所述涂层的树脂是玻璃化转变温度为150℃-250℃的树脂,该树脂在高温下具有大的伸长率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于汽车或其他工业机器的内燃机(发动机)中使用的滑动轴承。
背景技术
用于汽车发动机的滑动轴承通常由带有基于铅的覆盖层的铝合金或铜铅合金制成。在这类滑动轴承技术中,迄今为止已经实践了通过用涂覆层包覆轴承合金层的表面,以提高滑动轴承的耐磨耗性、抗咬合性和初始适应性,该涂层包含有结合到树脂例如聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺和环氧树脂中的固体润滑剂。
例如,专利参考1(JP-A-4-83914)披露了使用一种含有在铝轴承合金表面上形成的涂层的滑动轴承材料,该涂层由55-90wt%的固体润滑剂和10-45wt%的基于聚酰亚胺的粘合剂构成,使其可以提高铝合金轴承的初始适应性并且具有优良的抗疲劳性和抗咬合性。
另外,专利参考2(JP-A-7-247493)披露了将成膜助剂加到固体润滑剂膜中,该固体润滑剂膜由70-97wt%的固体润滑剂和3-30wt%的选自聚酰亚胺树脂、环氧树脂和酚醛树脂的树脂构成,使其可以提供固体润滑剂的稳固保持性和好的适应性,好的适应性得到了优良的抗咬合性,阻止了剥离并因此提高了耐磨耗性。
另一方面,专利参考3(JP-A-2002-61652)披露了一种含有在轴承合金层上形成的树脂涂层的滑动轴承,该树脂涂层分别含有70-30vol%的柔软的且高温可伸长的热固性树脂和30-70vol%的固体润滑剂,并且具有20或更小的维氏硬度Hv,该热固性树脂在25℃的拉伸强度为70-110MPa,伸长率为7-20%,在200℃的拉伸强度为15MPA或更高,伸长率为20%或更多。该滑动轴承与专利参考1和2的那些相比,初始适应性和抗咬合性优良,但还希望改进汽车高速发动机所需的物理性能。
近年来,为了较高的输出功率和较高的旋转速度,汽车发动机的性能已经显著地提高,并且希望出现滑动性能,特别是初始适应性和抗咬合性优良,以及耐用性和耐热性优良的滑动轴承。
[专利参考1]JP-A-4-83914
[专利参考2]JP-A-7-247493
[专利参考3]JP-A-2002-61652
发明概述
本发明的目的是提供一种具有优良初始适应性和抗咬合性以及高的耐用性和耐热性的滑动轴承,其对于高速发动机是尤其需要的。
根据本发明,提供一种具有如下构造的滑动轴承以实现本发明的上述目的。
(1)一种滑动轴承,其包括形成于轴承合金层上的含有树脂和固体润滑剂的涂层,特征在于所述涂层的树脂是玻璃化转变温度为150℃-250℃的树脂。
(2)如条款(1)所述的滑动轴承,其中上述树脂是聚酰胺-酰亚胺树脂。
(3)如条款(1)或(2)所述的滑动轴承,其中上述树脂的玻璃化转变温度为180℃-220℃。
(4)如条款(1)-(3)中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其中上述树脂具有在25℃为5%-60%或在200℃为20%-120%的伸长率。
(5)如条款(1)-(3)中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其中上述树脂具有在25℃为10%-50%或在200℃为50%-110%的伸长率。
(6)如条款(1)-(5)中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其中上述树脂具有在25℃为20%-30%或在200℃为60%-90%的伸长率。
(7)如条款(1)-(6)中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其中在涂层中上述固体润滑剂的含量为30-70vol%。
(8)如条款(1)-(7)中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其中上述固体润滑剂是选自:二硫化钼、二硫化钨、石墨和氮化硼中的至少一种。
(9)如条款(1)-(8)中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其在内燃机中使用。
为了提高在高速下的初始适应性和抗咬合性,当油膜局部变薄时,必然引起固体接触、覆盖层(树脂涂层)迅速磨蚀或变形的风险,所以必须确保流体层的厚度。迄今为止,这已经通过增加固体润滑剂的数量来应付使用,但当固体润滑剂的数量增加太多时,液体层变脆并且当剥离时引起容易咬合,破坏了初始适应性。于是,粘合固体润滑剂的树脂被改进成具有令人满意的伸长率和低的高温拉伸强度的树脂,以提供高的适应性和抗咬合性,并且提高树脂的玻璃化转变温度,从而能够提供具有不破坏耐热性和耐用性的固体润滑剂树脂涂层,于是完成了本发明。
实施本发明的最好方式
本发明的滑动轴承将在下文中进一步描述。
本发明的滑动轴承是一种包括形成于轴承合金层上、含有树脂和固体润滑剂的涂层(此后有时称作树脂涂层)的滑动轴承,特征在于所述涂层的树脂是玻璃化转变温度为150℃-250℃的树脂。
所希望的能够在涂层中使用的树脂并不特别限定只要满足上述要求即可,其特定的例子包括热塑性树脂例如聚酰亚胺树脂、聚酰胺-酰亚胺树脂和其二异氰酸酯、BPDA和砜改性物以及热固性树脂例如环氧树脂和酚醛树脂。特别地,在本发明中优选使用聚酰胺-酰亚胺树脂。
在本发明的涂层中使用的树脂的玻璃化转变温度为150℃-250℃,优选为180℃-220℃。可以通过差示热分析仪测量玻璃化转变温度。
通过将玻璃化转变温度预先确定在以上定义的范围内,可以阻止在高温下树脂涂层的热劣化并且可以提高树脂涂层的耐热性。
在本发明的涂层中使用的树脂的伸长率在25℃优选为5%-60%,更优选为10%-50%,特别为20%-30%。
另外,在本发明的涂层中使用的树脂的伸长率在200℃优选为20%-120%,更优选为50%-110%,特别为60%-90%。
而且,特别优选的是:在本发明的涂层中使用的树脂具有在25℃为5%-60%或在200℃为20%-120%的伸长率。
通过将树脂的伸长率设定在以上定义的范围,则可以阻止在轴承接触期间树脂涂层中的破裂并且可以提高初始适应性。在本发明的涂层中使用的树脂的拉伸强度没有特别限定,但优选低的,特别是在高达200℃的温度下。
在本发明中,上述伸长率根据ASTMD-1708测量。
能够满足上述对于玻璃化转变温度和伸长率要求的聚酰胺-酰亚胺树脂可以通过如下方式获得:将未固化的树脂的数均分子量预先确定到20,000或更高以减少末端交联点的数目,并且加入含环氧基团的聚合物以加速固化。
可以在本发明中使用的固体润滑剂没有限制,但可以例举出二硫化钼(MoS2)、石墨(黑铅)、BN(氮化硼)、二硫化钨(WS2)、PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)、氟树脂、铅等。它们可以单独或以其两种或多种组合使用。
石墨可以是天然的或人造的,当从耐磨耗性的观点出发优选人造石墨。
这些固体润滑剂作用是降低并稳定摩擦系数以及具有适应性。为了使之充分地具有这些作用,固体润滑剂的平均颗粒直径优选为15μm或更小,特别为0.2-10μm。在这些固体润滑剂当中优选的是二硫化钼、二硫化钨、石墨(黑铅)和氮化硼。
在本发明中,涂层中固体润滑剂的含量优选为30-70vol%,更优选为30-50vol%。
另外,涂层中树脂的含量优选为30-70vol%,更优选为50-70vol%。而且在本发明中,固体润滑剂和热固性树脂的数量总和为100vol%。
通过如上所述设定组分的比率,则固体润滑剂就可以稳固地保持在含有在高温下具有良好伸长率的软树脂的树脂涂层中,从而可以获得较好的抗咬合性和适应性。
本发明的滑动轴承的树脂涂层优选进一步包括摩擦调节剂和/或其中结合的极压添加剂。极压添加剂的例子包括含硫的金属化合物例如ZnS、Ag2S、CuS、FeS、FeS2、Sb3S2、PbS、Bi2S3和CdS;含硫化合物例如二硫化四甲秋兰姆、二硫化吗啉、连二硫酸盐、硫化物、亚砜、磺酸盐、硫代亚膦酸盐、硫代碳酸盐、二硫代氨基甲酸盐、烷基硫代氨甲酰和烯烃硫化物;基于卤素的化合物例如氯代烃;硫代磷酸盐例如二硫代磷酸锌;基于有机金属的化合物例如硫代氨基甲酸盐;以及有机钼化合物例如二硫代磷酸钼和二硫代氨基甲酸钼(molybdenum dithiocarbiminate)。另外,极压添加剂的平均颗粒直径优选为5μm或更小,更优选为2μm或更小。在加入极压添加剂的情况下,上述固体润滑剂的容积比例30-70vol%中优选被0.5-10vol%,特别被1-5vol%数量的极压添加剂所替代。
加入极压添加剂使得即使在造成暂时固体接触的不充分润滑条件下或者在不均匀接触等情况下,也可以获得足够的耐磨耗性或抗咬合性。作用机理并未确定,但假设是:在树脂涂层中由于通过暂时固体接触的摩擦热或剪切应力而容易破裂的条件下,分散在树脂涂层中的极压添加剂有效地作用于树脂涂层。换句话说,假设是:由于固体润滑剂和其膜中含有的极压添加剂稳固地留住了油并且界面的润滑被膜难以破裂,故得到了光滑的滑动表面并且因此可以保持抗咬合性和耐磨耗性。
摩擦调节剂的例子包括氧化物例如CrO2、Fe3O4、PbO、ZnO、CdO、Al2O3、SiO2和SnO2等,以及化合物例如SiC和Si3N4等。在加入摩擦调节剂的情况下,上述固体润滑剂30-70vol%中优选被0.3-10vol%,特别被0.5-5vol%数量的摩擦调节剂所替代。通过加入摩擦调节剂使得可以提高耐磨耗性。特别地,摩擦调节剂与极压添加剂的结合使用促成了通过摩擦调节剂提高耐磨耗性与通过极压添加剂保留润滑剂的协同作用,进一步提高了耐磨耗性。摩擦调节剂和极压添加剂可以结合使用,在这种情况下的添加量,优选的是该两种组分的数量总和替代了基于30-70vol%的上述固体润滑剂当中的0.3-10vol%,特别为0.5-5vol%。
本发明的涂层可以进一步包括结合到其中的其他添加剂。
在本发明中,为了形成树脂涂层,而制备具有上述组分溶于或分散于其中的涂覆液。在这种情况下,可以使用适宜数量的有机溶剂(稀释剂)。可以使用任何有机溶剂而没有任何限定,只要其能调节树脂的粘度以有助于混合并且能将其中使用的树脂溶解。
例如,当树脂是聚酰胺-酰亚胺树脂时,可以以基于100重量份上述组分的数量总和为100-300重量份的数量使用二甲苯、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、甲苯等。
在本发明中,可以通过如下方式获得耐磨耗性和滑动性能优良的滑动轴承:将包括上述树脂和固体润滑剂以及任选地摩擦调节剂和/或极压添加剂的涂层涂敷到轴承合金层的表面上以形成涂层(树脂涂层)。
作为将用作轴承基体材料的轴承合金,可以举出铜合金、铝合金等。轴承合金没有特别限定其配方,但作为铝系合金,可以优选使用含有10wt%或更少数量的Cr、Si、Mn、Sb、Sr、Fe、Ni、Mo、Ti、W、Zr、V、Cu、Mg、Zn等,和20wt%或更少数量的Sn、Pb、In、Tl和Bi中的一种或多种的合金。属于前一组的元素主要提供强度和耐磨耗性,同时,属于后一组的元素主要提供适应性。优选前者和后者结合使用。
在轴承合金层上形成树脂涂层的方法将在下文中描述。将轴承合金例如铜合金和铝合金等形成滑动轴承形状的衬里,然后该衬里在碱性处理溶液例如苛性钠中进行脱脂处理,接着进行冲洗和热水清洗以除去粘附在其表面的碱。例如,当必须提高膜的粘着性时,可以采用一种方法,其包括:在脱脂后通过化学处理例如碱腐蚀法和酸清洗结合使衬里的表面粗糙,可以采用一种方法,其包括:通过机械处理例如喷砂处理使衬里的表面粗糙,或者可以采用一种方法,其包括:通过钻孔在衬里表面形成凹凸等。当必须进一步提高膜的粘着性时,衬里的表面可以用磷酸锌或磷酸锌钙化学涂层处理至0.1-5μm的厚度。底部处理例如钻孔与化学涂层处理的结合使得可以获得具有极高粘着性的树脂涂层。
用热空气将已经用热水清洗的衬里干燥,将用合适稀释剂稀释的上述涂覆液用喷射法涂布到衬里上,然后在150℃-300℃下进行干燥·烧结。当这样形成的膜的表面粗糙度太大时,要对衬里进行平滑处理例如抛光。
除了上述喷射方法之外,通过辊转印、滚磨、浸渍、刷涂、印刷等完成涂敷以形成树脂涂层。树脂涂层的厚度优选为1-50μm。在其中涂层在铝轴承合金等上制成的情况下,当固化温度超过230℃时,铝轴承合金中Sn的生成能够造成轴承性能的退化。在这种情况下,优选使用在230℃或更低的固化温度下具有最大拉伸硬度和伸长率的树脂。
实施例
本发明将在下列实施例中进一步描述,但本发明不限于这些实施例。
实施例1-5和比较例1
60vol%表1中列出的聚酰胺-酰亚胺树脂(由Hitachi Chemical Co.,Ltd.生产(日立化成(株)制))、40vol%二硫化钼作为固体润滑剂和合适数量的有机溶剂(N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮)装入球磨机,然后它们在那里进行研磨粉碎和混合3小时,以制备用于形成树脂涂层的涂覆液。随后,将由铝合金(Al-11Sn-1.8Pb-1Cu-3Si)制成的衬里材料压焊到背面钢板上的半圆筒形轴承的表面进行脱脂,然后通过喷砂处理变粗糙成1μm Rz的表面粗糙度。随后,通过空气喷射将上述涂覆液吹涂到轴承的表面至约6μm的膜厚度,然后加热并在180℃-230℃固化约60分钟进行固化以形成树脂涂层,从而生产出滑动轴承(金属用的覆盖层)。
表1
拉伸强度(Mpa) | 伸长率(%) | 玻璃化转变温度 | |||
25℃ | 200℃ | 25℃ | 200℃ | ||
实施例1 | 60 | 25 | 10 | 45 | 150 |
实施例2 | 60 | 25 | 10 | 45 | 180 |
实施例3 | 70 | 25 | 30 | 70 | 200 |
实施例4 | 40 | 15 | 30 | 70 | 220 |
实施例5 | 30 | 10 | 50 | 90 | 230 |
比较例1 | 60 | 25 | 10 | 45 | 140 |
为了评定如此获得的各种轴承的性能,进行初始适应性测试和抗咬合性测试。
以下列方式进行各种测试。
(1)初始适应性测试
用润滑剂5W-30SH在20MPa的负载和150℃和旋转速度从1,300rpm~100rpm/600秒的逐渐减少的条件下测量摩擦系数的变化。
(2)抗咬合性测试
用润滑剂5W-30SJ在29MPa的旋转负载和150℃的润滑剂温度下测量旋转速度在500rpm/30分钟的速率下逐渐增加至最大8,000rpm期间咬合所需的旋转数目。在该测试中,当旋转速度增加时,轴承的温度上升,耐热性下降,从而使耐咬合性下降。换句话说,由于造成咬合的旋转数目越高,耐热性越高,因此从该测试的结果判断耐热性。
正如从上述测试的结果中看出的那样:实施例1-5的滑动轴承具有优良的初始适应性、抗咬合性和耐热性。另外,使用其树脂涂层由具有在高温下显著大的伸长率和高的玻璃化转变温度的树脂的实施例3、4和5的滑动轴承,具有显著优良的初始适应性。相反,比较例的滑动轴承,其树脂涂层由具有在高温下差的软度和小伸长率的聚酰胺-酰亚胺树脂制成,所以具有明显差的抗咬合性和初始适应性。
尽管已经详细地并且参照其特定的实施方案描述了本发明,但对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是:在不偏离其精神和范围下可以作各种变化和改进。
本申请基于2003年2月17日提交的日本专利申请(日本专利申请号2003-038625),其内容在此引入作为参考。
工业实用性
本发明的滑动轴承具有优良的初始适应性和抗咬合性以及高的耐用性和耐热性,并且因此可以用作汽车和其他工业机器的内燃机,特别是高速发动机用的滑动轴承。
Claims (9)
1.一种滑动轴承,包括形成于轴承合金层上的含有树脂和固体润滑剂的涂层,特征在于所述涂层的树脂是玻璃化转变温度为150℃-250℃的树脂。
2.按照权利要求1所述的滑动轴承,其中上述树脂是聚酰胺-酰亚胺树脂。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的滑动轴承,其中上述树脂的玻璃化转变温度为180℃-220℃。
4.按照权利要求1-3中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其中上述树脂具有在25℃下为5%-60%或在200℃下为20%-120%的伸长率。
5.按照权利要求1-3中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其中上述树脂具有在25℃下为10%-50%或在200℃下为50%-110%的伸长率。
6.按照权利要求1-3中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其中上述树脂具有在25℃下为20%-30%或在200℃下为60%-90%的伸长率。
7.按照权利要求1-6中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其中在涂层中上述固体润滑剂的含量为30-70vol%。
8.按照权利要求1-7中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其中上述固体润滑剂是选自:二硫化钼、二硫化钨、石墨和氮化硼中的至少一种。
9.按照权利要求1-8中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其在内燃机中使用。
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CN110079209B (zh) * | 2019-04-02 | 2021-09-21 | 曹均 | 宽温域内燃机轴瓦自润滑涂层及其喷涂方法 |
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DE3373106D1 (en) | 1982-12-28 | 1987-09-24 | Gen Electric | Polyetherimide bearing compositions |
DE3343309C2 (de) * | 1983-11-30 | 1989-09-21 | Glyco-Metall-Werke Daelen & Loos Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden | Schichtverbundwerkstoff |
JPH0483914A (ja) | 1990-07-24 | 1992-03-17 | Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd | すべり軸受材料 |
DE4101379A1 (de) * | 1991-01-18 | 1992-07-23 | Basf Ag | N-substituierte polyamidimide |
JP3133209B2 (ja) | 1994-03-10 | 2001-02-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 潤滑膜形成用組成物及びそれを用いた滑り軸受 |
JPH0892528A (ja) * | 1994-09-19 | 1996-04-09 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 耐熱性塗料組成物 |
JPH09272799A (ja) * | 1996-04-08 | 1997-10-21 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | 熱可塑性ポリイミド樹脂組成物及びその用途 |
JP2001097519A (ja) | 1999-09-28 | 2001-04-10 | Shin Etsu Polymer Co Ltd | 熱硬化型シームレスベルト |
JP4021607B2 (ja) | 2000-08-15 | 2007-12-12 | 大豊工業株式会社 | すべり軸受 |
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2003
- 2003-02-17 JP JP2003038625A patent/JP4485131B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-02-13 US US10/513,029 patent/US7712964B2/en active Active
- 2004-02-13 WO PCT/JP2004/001524 patent/WO2004072499A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-02-13 CN CNA2004800001668A patent/CN1697940A/zh active Pending
- 2004-02-13 EP EP04710970A patent/EP1596079B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-13 DE DE602004028217T patent/DE602004028217D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101903666A (zh) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-12-01 | 大丰工业株式会社 | 推力轴承用滑动构件 |
CN104583348A (zh) * | 2012-08-02 | 2015-04-29 | 道康宁东丽株式会社 | 包含聚酰胺-酰亚胺树脂的涂料组合物 |
CN103671122A (zh) * | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-26 | Lg电子株式会社 | 合成树脂轴承以及具有该轴承的涡旋式压缩机 |
US9217433B2 (en) | 2012-09-24 | 2015-12-22 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Synthetic resin bearing and scroll compressor having the same |
CN103671122B (zh) * | 2012-09-24 | 2016-02-24 | Lg电子株式会社 | 合成树脂轴承以及具有该轴承的涡旋式压缩机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2004263727A (ja) | 2004-09-24 |
EP1596079A1 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
EP1596079A4 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
JP4485131B2 (ja) | 2010-06-16 |
US7712964B2 (en) | 2010-05-11 |
EP1596079B1 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
WO2004072499A1 (ja) | 2004-08-26 |
US20050157964A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
DE602004028217D1 (de) | 2010-09-02 |
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