CN1691764A - 预测由用户选择的下一频道的方法 - Google Patents

预测由用户选择的下一频道的方法 Download PDF

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CN1691764A
CN1691764A CNA2005100729722A CN200510072972A CN1691764A CN 1691764 A CN1691764 A CN 1691764A CN A2005100729722 A CNA2005100729722 A CN A2005100729722A CN 200510072972 A CN200510072972 A CN 200510072972A CN 1691764 A CN1691764 A CN 1691764A
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小罗伯特·N·赫斯特
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Thomson Licensing SAS
International Digital Madison Patent Holding SAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/24Systems for the transmission of television signals using pulse code modulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/41Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
    • H04N21/426Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T9/00Image coding
    • G06T9/004Predictors, e.g. intraframe, interframe coding
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
    • H04N21/23406Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving management of server-side video buffer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
    • H04N21/23424Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving splicing one content stream with another content stream, e.g. for inserting or substituting an advertisement
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/438Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving MPEG packets from an IP network
    • H04N21/4383Accessing a communication channel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/438Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving MPEG packets from an IP network
    • H04N21/4383Accessing a communication channel
    • H04N21/4384Accessing a communication channel involving operations to reduce the access time, e.g. fast-tuning for reducing channel switching latency
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/44Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
    • H04N21/44004Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video buffer management, e.g. video decoder buffer or video display buffer
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    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/44Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
    • H04N21/44016Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving splicing one content stream with another content stream, e.g. for substituting a video clip
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/442Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
    • H04N21/44213Monitoring of end-user related data
    • H04N21/44222Analytics of user selections, e.g. selection of programs or purchase activity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47End-user applications
    • H04N21/475End-user interface for inputting end-user data, e.g. personal identification number [PIN], preference data
    • H04N21/4755End-user interface for inputting end-user data, e.g. personal identification number [PIN], preference data for defining user preferences, e.g. favourite actors or genre
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H04N5/50Tuning indicators; Automatic tuning control

Abstract

提供了一种用于在接收表示多个视频频道上传送节目的分组视频数据的数字视频译码系统中预测由用户选择的下一频道的方法。所述方法包括步骤:收集用于预测下一频道选择的信息,所述信息包括至少下列之一:(a)预定用户频道和节目优先准则,(b)预定用户频道导航模式,以及(c)用户数据输入装置感知数据;根据从所述收集的信息得到的概率确定,处理所述收集的信息以识别一个用户可能选择的频道;在所述多个视频频道内采用所述识别的频道作为所述预测的下一频道。

Description

预测由用户选择的下一频道的方法
本申请是发明名称为“视频译码和频道捕获系统”(申请号:00128394.4;申请日:2000年11月28日)的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及预测由用户选择的下一频道的方法。
背景技术
在过去几年中数字电视系统和接收机迅速增加。一些例子包括DIRECTV、DVB(数字视频广播工程)和ATSC(先进电视系统委员会)类型的系统。由于相当大量的数据与视频通讯有关,所以压缩已经成为最现代化的数字视频应用的一个组成部分。
运动图像专家组已经定义了一种称为MPEG(Moving Pictures ExpertsGroup)图像编码标准的标准化视频压缩方法用于视频信号和图像,以下称为“MPEG标准”。MPEG标准包括一个系统编码部分(ISO/IEC 13818-1,1994年6月10日)和一个视频编码部分(ISO/IEC 13818-2,1995年1月20日)。根据MPEG标准编码的数据采用了分组数据流的形式,该分组数据流一般包括许多节目频道的数据内容(例如,相应于有线电视频道1-125的内容)。MPEG标准使用帧内和帧间编码技术来获得所需的压缩。在一个图像帧的帧内编码中,一个帧被分为多个像素块(称为宏块)并且使用一种离散余弦变换(DCT)来压缩各个块。在一个图像帧的帧间编码中,使用运动补偿(MC)技术预先编码图像帧差值来获得另一种数据压缩。
在MPEG图像编码中涉及的三种主要类型的帧是帧间编码(I)帧、预测编码(P)帧和双向预测编码(B)帧。I帧提供随机接入点到数据流(表示图像序列)中并且对单独的I帧的译码和重构不使用任何其他帧的数据。P帧的重构使用来自先前I帧或使用运动估计技术的P帧(锚(anchor)帧)的数据。B帧的重构使用来自先前的和未来的I和P锚帧的数据并且可能涉及与接收的帧序列不同序列的处理帧数据。以这种方式可以获得显著的数据压缩,因为B帧例如仅需要I帧所需数据的大约11%。
数字电视接收机,如与DIRECTV、DVB和ATSC要求兼容的那些,可能在用户启动的频道变化后不适宜地占用长的节目捕获时间。例如,用户选择新频道(以及有关的信号源)和选择的频道上新节目的初始显示之间的时间可能总计有几秒钟。这至少部分归因于数据流可以被获取、处理和显示之前所需的捕获事件的序列。特别地,频道变化和新节目的捕获可能要求识别和使用表示新选择频道上一个节目的压缩数据流中的一个随机进入点。另外,如果新选择的频道处于一个不同的转发器或RF频道上发射的数据流中,则频道变化可能需要重复锁相和均衡操作。此外,在这种锁相和均衡操作后,需要获取辅助系统和接收的传送流(TS)内节目特定信息。该系统和节目特定信息被分析、对比并且汇编为有用的形式用于识别和汇编各个数据分组以恢复新选择频道上的节目。该节目特定信息还包括节目指南、条件存取、网络信息、以及能够将系统调谐到所需频道的识别和链接数据。一旦节目特定信息已经被获取和汇编则它用于识别和获取包括一个在新选择频道上传送的节目的各个数据分组。包括新选择频道上节目的各个数据分组被缓存为与MPEG兼容的视频缓冲检验器(VBV)要求相兼容,并且序列标题和I帧被识别以便对于随后的处理和显示提供一个适当的进入点。
发明内容
本发明的系统减少在频道变化时所产生的延迟并且将任何有关的令用户不愉快的观看干扰减至最小。
一种数字视频译码系统接收表示多个视频频道上传送的节目的分组视频数据。该系统包括多个缓存器,用于存储表示在相应的多个视频频道上传送的视频节目图像的编码视频数据。相应于一单独的视频频道的单独的缓存器,存储足够的编码视频数据来防止在向译码单独的视频频道上传送的节目转换之后的下溢状态。处理器,响应用户频道选择输入,启动向译码在多个视频频道中所选择一个频道上传送的节目的转换。译码器,如处理器启动的转换所确定,译码相应于的选择视频频道上传送的节目的从多个缓存器中一个接收的编码视频数据。根据(a)预定的用户频道和节目优先准则,(b)预定的用户频道导航模式,或(c)用户数据输入装置感知数据,译码器还预测由用户选择的下一频道。
该系统能够实现多个视频节目之间的无缝转换,每个节目分别在多个视频频道的相应一个上传送。该系统能够使用至少一个存储器同时存储表示多个视频节目的图像的编码视频数据。对于多个视频节目的每一个存储足够的编码视频数据以防止下溢的情况。一旦用户启动转换为译码多个视频节目中选择的一个,则相应于多个视频节目中选择一个的所存储的编码视频数据被译码。
一种用于在接收表示多个视频频道上传送节目的分组视频数据的数字视频译码系统中预测由用户选择的下一频道的方法,其特征在于包括步骤:收集用于预测下一频道选择的信息,所述信息包括至少下列之一:(a)预定用户频道和节目优先准则,(b)预定用户频道导航模式,以及(c)用户数据输入装置感知数据;根据从所述收集的信息得到的概率确定,处理所述收集的信息以识别一个用户可能选择的频道;在所述多个视频频道内采用所述识别的频道作为所述预测的下一频道。
附图说明
图1说明本发明的双缓冲MPEG译码器。
图2说明使用图1的双缓冲MPEG译码器的接收机的第一实施例。
图3说明使用图1的双缓冲MPEG译码器的接收机的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
本发明的系统使用多个调谐器,使得当一个调谐器用于处理和显示当前的节目时另一个调谐器用于获得其他的节目。然而,由于附加成本和所涉及的译码器设立和初始化的延迟,不希望使用专用于画中画(PIP)应用的第二完整调谐器和译码器组。
根据本发明,与用户频道变化相关的不希望的延迟可以通过预先缓存一个数据流来明显地减少,该数据流包括在新选择频道上传送的节目。特别地,预先缓存减少了获得新数据流中I帧和捕获足够的数据来填满缓存器使之达到MPEG规定的VBV缓存器占用级别的延迟。通过预先缓存输入数据,一旦用户启动频道变化,可以获得用于选择的I帧进入点并且缓存器被填满到所需的MPEG占用级别。FIFO内的单独的缓存器可以用于存储表示当前观看节目的第一数据流的数据以及用于存储表示根据用户频道变化命令选择的另一个频道上节目的第二数据流的数据。在完成这样一个频道变化时,系统控制器(如图1到图3的单元60)记录新选择频道数据流中可能的I帧用作新选择频道上一个节目的进入点。在转换节目频道时,使用位流拼接技术并且识别一个适当的出口点(例如,恰好在一个锚帧前面的第一缓存器中当前频道数据的一个点)。在检测出口点后,从先前记录的入口点以FIFO开始的第二缓存器,通过引导表示新选择频道上节目的数据来实现频道转换。
表示根据频道改变命令选择的下一频道上节目的数据流被传送到一个辅助VBV缓存器用于未来的进入和输出。辅助VBV缓存器存储足够的数据以防止缓存器下溢,它包括至少一个I帧用作根据频道变化的适当的进入点。当用户希望转换到下一频道时,转换控制器识别激活的VBV缓存器的一个适当的出口点,并且在先前识别和记录的适当的进入点将激活的缓存器输出的流转换到辅助缓存器。
因为每个帧的位的数量可能在满足MPEG的流中不同,所以同步两个表示不同频道上节目的独立的MPEG流会产生问题。然而,这可通过加载两个位流到存储缓存器并且使用拼接指针实现。这些指针一般称为拼接进入点和/或出口点。应该认识到这些缓存器将分别作为时间函数填满和清空,并且一个特定缓存器内的数据量在任何特定时间点动态变化。在节目译码期间,接收一个数据流的每个缓存器的缓存器占用可以从几乎清空到几乎填满变化。因此,下溢情况可能发生在从一个缓存器的数据流到另一个缓存器的另一个数据流的拼接中。这样一种拼接转换使用事先记录的进入点和出口点,它们是作为适当的转换点例如在图象组(GOP)开始的锚I帧识别的。通过使用从双调谐器级(或另一个实施例中的单个调谐器级)得到的双缓冲节目数据流之间的这个拼接转换机构,使频道变化次数被有益地减少到大约几帧或更少。
现在参照附图,(其中不同图中相同的参考标号表示本发明相同的元件),图1说明一个本发明的双缓冲MPEG译码器10。在图1的系统中,包括一个或多个包含单独节目的基本流的主要的数据流20输入到第一VBV缓存器30。包括一个或多个包含另一个节目的基本流的辅助数据流40输入到第二VBV缓存器50。响应于用户控制数据70(如用户命令)的控制装置60分别通过控制信号84和82控制第一VBV缓存器30和第二VBV缓存器50的操作。译码器10包括一个开关100,该开关具有一个耦合到第一VBV缓存器30输出端的第一输入端,以及一个耦合到第二VBV缓存器50输出端的第二输入端。开关100操作以连接缓存器30和缓存器50中的一个到译码单元110。MPEG译码装置110完成提供到它输入端信号的常规的MPEG译码,并且在这个实施例中不包括VBV缓存器。在另一个实施例中,译码器110可以包括缓存器和开关元件如单元30、单元50和单元100。开关100响应于从控制装置60输出的控制信号90。例如,译码装置110的输出可以以常规方式提供到附加的电路(未示出)作进一步处理和使用显示装置120再现。
表示节目的主要数据流20被正常地译码,而在预期接收一个相应于用户产生的频道(和节目)变化请求的控制信号70时,表示节目的辅助数据流40同时被存储在第二VBV缓存器50中。图1的系统有益地使用户能够以减小的延迟改变频道并且将不适宜的观看干扰减至最小。一旦主要的数据流20和辅助数据流40被缓存到一个足够的MPEG兼容的VBV占用级别,则它们可以经过开关100分别从缓存器30和缓存器50耦合到译码装置110。包含用户所需频道的节目内容的辅助节目流40被预先缓存在单元50中,并且可在通过用户控制信号70完成用户启动的频道变化时由单元110处理。这个预先缓存有益地减少了为了获得足够的数据来填满缓存器50使之达到一个预定的VBV占用级别所涉及的不希望的延迟。得到的频道变化在几帧内被无缝地实现。
应该注意图1的系统使用MPEG拼接技术来完成数据流缓存器30和数据流缓存器50之间转换的频道变化。比较起来,这种拼接技术常规地应用于将多个单独的构成流创建一个单个的合成数据流,用于如在广播节目多路复用数据流中插入商业广告的应用。另外,预想到用户启动频道变化命令的节目数据流的预先缓存(例如在缓存器50中)有益地通过使用一预测方案提前例如一秒钟或几秒钟预测用户下一个将选择哪一节目频道而完成。在另一个实施例中,多个缓存器如缓存器50用于同时存储相应于多个节目频道的数据流。这增加了预先缓存数据流可以根据用户启动的频道变化由单元110译码的可能性。如果用户选择的频道不是一个预先缓存的频道,则节目捕获将再次慢下来并且可能包含让人不愉快的观看干扰。另一方面,相应于用户可能选择的所有可利用的节目频道(在所有可利用的RF频道上并且来自所有的转发器)的所有节目数据流可以被预先缓存在如缓存器50的缓存器中(为了保持图中清楚起见未示出)。在这种情况下,在所有频道上的节目被同时解调产生单个和多个表示节目的数据流。多个节目数据流被去多路复用为单个表示节目的数据流(如数据流20和数据流40),每个表示节目的数据流被缓存到一个相应的VBV缓存器中。这保证了相应于新选择的节目频道的数据将可以根据用户启动的频道变化来译码并且能够使频道变化以减少的等待时间即在几帧或更少时间内被无缝地实现。
在图2的系统中,接收机200使用先前在图1中描述的双缓冲MPEG译码器10。接收机200包括双缓冲MPEG译码器10以及一个调谐器和去多路复用器140。去多路复用器140接收来自一个信号源(RF天线)150的输入并且提供第一输出耦合到第一VBV缓存器30的输入端以及第二输出耦合到第二VBV缓存器50的输入端。另一方面,可以在图2系统中使用的各种其他信号源包括例如卫星、因特网和有线电视源。接收机200还包括预测单元130,用于根据下面3项中的一个或多个:(a)预定的用户频道和包括用户喜好的频道和节目数据的节目优先准则,(b)先前记录和分析的用户频道导航模式和命令选择模式,以及(c)由位于用户数据输入装置,例如在遥控器、键盘或其他数据输入装置上的传感器提供的感知数据,预测用户选择的下一节目频道。这种感知的数据由位于遥控器上的容性传感器(或红外或其他类型的传感器)提供,例如,用于指示用户手指(或其他驱动装置)到一个特定按钮的接近程度和用户手指可能在键盘上跟踪的路径。
另外,根据先前记录的导航模式对用户下一频道选择的外推可能包括例如预测获得当前节目的“递增节目”键/命令的使用很可能被重复用于选择下一频道。类似地,获得当前节目的“递减节目”键/命令的使用很可能被重复用于选择下一频道。同样,“先前节目”键/命令(或节目“交换”或“跳转”键/命令)的使用很可能被重复用于选择下一频道。更一般地说,获得当前节目的导航键/命令的使用很可能被重复用于选择下一频道。类似地,在节目之间交替的用户模式(无论通过什么手段)很可能导致先前的频道是要选择的下一频道。
用户优先准则、导航模式和感知数据的各个信息项(在上面(a)、(b)和(c)中的信息项)可以用于预测用户将选择的下一节目频道。另一方面,使用组合中一个或多个信息项可以完成概率分析以预测用户将选择的下一频道。预测单元130接收来自数据输入装置(为了保持图中清楚起见未示出)的用户的实际频道选择命令70和感知数据以及来自系统控制器(也为了保持图中清楚起见未示出)的信息项(a)和(b)。单元130将一个调谐器控制信号160提供到调谐器和去多路复用器140以及将一个命令信号170提供到控制装置60。装置60响应通知预测的下一频道的命令170(来自单元130)使第一VBV缓存器30和第二VBV缓存器50对一个预计的用户频道变化做好准备。特别地,单元60响应命令170命令第二VBV缓存器50存储一个频道数据信号(来自单元140),该信号结合了用户选择的预计的下一频道的节目数据。
主要的数据流20和辅助数据流40在单元140分析和去多路复用之后,被分别提供到第一VBV缓存器30和第二VBV缓存器50。单元140分析从天线150提供的MPEG兼容的传送流以识别包括当前观看节目频道上的节目的各个基本流。另外,单元140响应命令信号160分析从天线150提供的传送流以识别包括预测的下一节目频道上节目的各个基本流。图2的实施例有益地使用单元140中的一个单个调谐器和去多路复用器以分析和引导当前和下一频道数据分别到达缓存器30和缓存器50。单元140引导预计的下一频道的下一节目数据到缓存器50,同时当前观看的第一节目被译码和显示。然而,如果预测的下一节目是在另一个RF频道上,则用户频道变化可能涉及由于捕获和处理延迟的使人不愉快的观看干扰。特别地,获取在不同RF频道上传送的节目数据可能需要单元140重复锁相和均衡处理以及用于不同RF频道上传送的传送流(TS)的获取、汇编辅助系统和节目特定的信息。该系统和节目特定的信息用于识别和汇编各个数据分组以恢复新选择频道上的节目。在另一个实施例中,第二调谐器用于同时获得、解调和译码在不同的RF频道上例如从另一个转发器传送的数据。这有益地消除了获得一个不同的RF频道上传送的节目所涉及的频道变化有关的捕获处理延迟并且允许相当快和无缝地频道转换以减少使人不愉快的观看干扰。
在图3的系统中,接收机300包括了与图2的接收机200不同的双缓冲MPEG译码器10,它包含第一调谐器140A和第二调谐器140B,代替了图2的调谐器和去多路复用器140。第二调谐器140B允许包括一个或多个包含节目的基本流的数据流40使用第二VBV缓存器50缓存。因此,在单元140A和单元30处理第一数据流20期间,表示节目的第二数据流40可以被同时获得、解调和译码以存储在缓存器50中,第二数据流40在一个不同于第一数据流20的不同RF频道上不同的传送流内传送。在选择频道和有关的节目用于缓存在单元30和单元50中时,调谐器-去多路复用器140A和140B分别响应来自单元130的控制信号160A和160B。
一旦从第一VBV缓存器30中的译码数据转换到第二VBV缓存器50中的数据,最好从第二缓存器出现的第一帧是一个I帧并且在缓存器50中有足够的数据以避免VBV下溢。另外,在译码一个闭合的图像组(GOP)数据结构中,最好该I帧开始GOP并且从缓存器出现的第二帧是另一个P或I锚帧。注意,GOP以跟随有I帧的GOP标题开始并且延伸直到下一GOP标题。一个开放的GOP包含参照另一个GOP中一个帧重构的帧。特别地,一个开放的GOP中B帧在第一I帧和下一锚帧之间。在图3系统的操作中,包括在预测的下一频道上的节目的数据被分析并且存储在缓存器中(缓存器30或50中,还没有用于随后显示的当前流的那一个)。当在包括预测的下一频道上传送的节目的数据中检测到一个I帧时,它的位置被记录。要到达的下一锚帧的位置以及插入的B帧的数量也被记录。另外,包括第一I帧的位的数量和任何随后插入的B帧被计数并且被分开记录。
当达到足够的数据以避免下溢情况并且支持译码(如由VBV模式参数和位计数确定的)时,第一I帧的位置变为进入点,代替任何先前记录的进入点位置。该记录的进入点保留作为进入点直到对于这个新的I帧接收到足够的数据以防止下溢情况之后,它被随后的I帧的进入点更新为止。
一旦用户启动的频道变化命令70经过单元130,单元60在引导单元100中使用拼接过程以在缓存器30和缓存器50之间转换。在引导数据经过开关100从辅助缓存器例如缓存器50到达MPEG译码器110之前,单元60等待直到正好一个锚帧(出口点)从当前的VBV缓存器例如缓存器30出现之前为止。单元60引导包括先前记录的进入点I帧的数据从缓存器50经过开关100到达译码器110。在这个节目频道转换之后,辅助VBV缓存器50作为当前的节目频道VBV缓存器操作。先前的缓存器,在这个例子中是缓存器30随后变为辅助缓存器用于接收包括单元130预测的下一频道的数据。单元60可以引导单元50和单元100跳到下一锚帧并且省略插入的B帧以改进译码器操作和如要求的在节目频道之间的可见的转换。由跳过B帧产生的时间参考中任何这样的跳转被单元60记录。
虽然已经采用某些特定的优选形式描述了本发明,但应该理解当前优选形式的公开仅仅是作为例子,在结构细节、组合和部件安排方面可以作出许多变化而不背离以下所附权利要求记载的本发明的精神和范围。通过所附权利要求中适当的表述,本专利申请将覆盖在所公开的本发明中所有具备专利性的特征。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于在接收表示多个视频频道上传送节目的分组视频数据的数字视频译码系统中预测由用户选择的下一频道的方法,其特征在于包括步骤:
收集用于预测下一频道选择的信息,所述信息包括至少下列之一:(a)预定用户频道和节目优先准则,(b)预定用户频道导航模式,以及(c)用户数据输入装置感知数据;
根据从所述收集的信息得到的概率确定,处理所述收集的信息以识别一个用户可能选择的频道;
在所述多个视频频道内采用所述识别的频道作为所述预测的下一频道。
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