CN1679226A - 用于使电容器充电和放电的设备和方法 - Google Patents
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- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
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- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
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- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/338—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement
- H02M3/3385—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M3/3387—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement with automatic control of output voltage or current in a push-pull configuration
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Abstract
一种用于电激励灵巧材料的设备,包括用于对所述灵巧材料充电的可控电源与/或用于使所述灵巧材料放电的开关电路。可控电源包括被调节的DC-DC变换器,其具有和其相连的可控驱动电路。所述驱动电路可以通过相连的反馈装置自振荡。所述开关电路可以响应一个或几个控制信号。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请是2002年9月5日申请的美国临时申请号为60/408277的专利申请的继续,该专利申请被包括在此作为参考。本申请和2002年9月5日申请的美国临时申请号为60/408468的关于使电容器充电和对一个预定的设置点放电的设备和方法的临时专利申请的继续有关。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于控制通用的基于灵巧(smart)材料致动器的电子的方法和电路。
背景技术
正在研发被广泛应用的致动器技术。一个例子包括响应电激励而改变形状的具有机械杠杆的灵巧材料致动器。因为这种形状的改变一般主要沿着一个轴线进行,这种致动器可用于在相关的包括和一些主支撑结构组合的杠杆的机械系统上进行操作。轴向位移的改变被杠杆放大,从而形成具有有用的数量的位移和力的致动器。这种位移和力对于通用的工业阀门、饮料自动售货机、压缩机或泵、制动器、门锁、继电器、电路断路器、以及使用电磁线圈类型的致动器的大部分应用是有用的。不过,灵巧材料,具体地说压电材料,需要数百伏电压才能致动和产生位移。这种类型的电压可能是不容易得到的,并且可能必须得自较低的电压例如由电池得到的电压。
压电材料的另一个特征是,这些材料本质上是容性的。此外,一个致动器通常使用两个单独的信号被控制:一个主电源和一个地,在致动的时刻使用几瓦的能量。
发明内容
本发明提供一种简单的低功率的以及节省成本的装置,用于驱动具有机械杠杆的灵巧材料致动器,其包括在操作上和开关电路相连的专用电源。
本发明的专用电源包括可控的电源,被调节的直流对直流(DC-DC)变换器,用于在灵巧材料上施加一个已知的电压,并借以把一个控制电压转换成适合于灵巧材料的值。因而,按照本发明,控制信号和主电源信号被组合在一个导体内。这允许所提出的发明更新目前的控制系统,直接替代现有的致动器。
本发明还包括一种灵巧材料致动器,其和用于对其充电的可控电源以及用于对其放电的开关电路之一或二者相连。按照本发明的第一实施例,可控电源是包括具有一次绕组和二次绕组的变压器的被调节的DC-DC变换器。变压器的一次绕组又和可控的驱动电路相连,用于产生彼此相差180度的相位的驱动信号。为此,可控电源以二元方式操作:或者把已知的激励电压施加到灵巧材料上,或者使灵巧材料短路。按照本发明的实施例,可控电源的驱动电路还可以包括反馈装置使得电路是自振荡的。反馈装置还可以包括推挽电路以及和所述变压器相连的辅助绕组。所述推挽电路还可以包括一对负正负(NPN)晶体管。
还可以和变压器的二次绕组连接一个整流器,用于由和所述二次绕组相关的的交流(AC)电流信号产生一个DC电压。还可以和变压器的二次绕组连接一个噪声减少电路,用于滤除可能由可控驱动电路产生的噪声。
因而用于驱动按照本发明的灵巧材料致动器的一种设备包括可控电源,用于向灵巧材料致动器充电,以及被连接在可控电源和灵巧材料致动器之间的开关电路,使得当除去电源时所述开关电路使所述灵巧材料致动器放电。灵巧材料致动器放电的速率由所述开关电路的阻抗确定,而可控电源的充电速率由可控电源的阻抗确定。
对于本领域技术人员,当结合附图阅读下面的用于实施本发明的最好方式的说明时,将会清楚地看出本发明的其它应用。
附图说明
本说明参照附图进行,在所有附图中,相同的标号表示相同的部件,其中:
图1是按照本发明的可控电源的电子原理图;
图2是按照本发明的开关电路的第一实施例的电子原理图;
图3按照本发明的开关电路的第二实施例的电子原理图;
图4是用于驱动实施图1的可控电源和图2的开关电路的灵巧材料致动器的设备的电子原理图;以及
图5是用于驱动实施图3的开关电路和图1的DC-DC变换器的设备的电子原理图。
具体实施方式
图1是表示可控电源10的电子原理图,其中已知电位的已知电压源12和馈给波纹电感器(bead inductor)16的反向保护二极管相连。波纹电感器16作为滤波器用于除去由NPN晶体管18的集电极在电压源12中产生的噪声。NPN晶体管18和NPN晶体管20形成用于变压器22的推挽驱动器。电阻24,26,28,30形成电阻分压器,用于设置NPN晶体管18和20的基本的偏置点。变压器22不仅绕有一次和二次绕组22a,22b,而且绕有辅助绕组22c。在变压器22上的辅助绕组22c、电阻32、34、28和电容器36,38形成反馈装置用于在NPN晶体管18,20的基极上产生振荡。所述振荡在NPN晶体管18,20之间具有180度的相位差,从而形成自振荡推挽变压器驱动器。变压器22的二次绕组22b和整流器40相连,所述整流器和波纹电感器42以及容性负载44相连,在这种情况下,所述负载是压电灵巧材料致动器。波纹电感器42作为滤波器用于滤除由电路的振荡产生的并馈入容性负载44内的噪声。齐纳二极管46通过电流限制电阻48作为反馈装置。当超过齐纳电压时,晶体管50导通,引起晶体管20的基极接地,因而使自振荡机构停止。
现在参见图2,其中示出了用于向灵巧材料致动器容性负载58充电的开关电路11。当开关52闭合时,电流从电压源54通过开关52并通过波纹电感器56对容性负载58充电,在这种情况下,容性负载是压电灵巧材料致动器。此外,电流流入电阻分压器网络60,驱动NPN晶体管62导通,这使得NPN达林晶体管对64截止。充电的速率由波纹电感器56、电阻66和容性负载58的阻抗确定。当开关52打开时,电流停止在容性负载58中流动,NPN晶体管62截止,NPN达林晶体管对64导通,使电流通过电阻66流动,以便使容性负载58放电。放电的速率由电阻66和容性负载58确定。电阻68和NPN晶体管62的基极作为在开关电压源54和控制信号之间的电平变换器,因此电阻68和NPN晶体管62的基极不必具有相同的电压值或电压摆动。
现在参见图3,其中示出了用于使灵巧材料致动器容性负载158放电的开关电路111的第二实施例。当开关152闭合时,电流流入分压器网络160,使NPN晶体管162导通,使电流通过电阻70流动,使NPN达林晶体管对164截止,并使正负正(PNP)晶体管72导通,使电流通过电阻166流动,使容性负载158放电。放电速率以电阻166和容性负载158确定。当开关152打开时,NPN晶体管162的基极使NPN晶体管162截止,允许电流通过电阻70到PNP晶体管72的基极,使PNP晶体管截止,因而NPN达林对164通过电阻74供给容性负载158电流。充电速率由电阻74和容性负载158确定。电阻70和NPN晶体管162例如作为在电压源154和由开关154的闭合而产生的控制信号之间的电平变换器,因此,电阻70和NPN晶体管162的基极不必具有相同的电压值或电压摆动。
现在参看图4,其中示出了按照本发明的用于灵巧材料致动器容性负载76的驱动器的优选实施例,其包括可控电源10a和开关电路11a。输入电压源12a被提供给可控电源10a,并且与此同时,开关电路11a被禁止,因而容性负载76被充电。当输入电压源12a被除去时,可控电源10a被停止,开关电路11a被选通,容性负载76被放电。可控电源10a的实际阻抗控制容性负载76充电的速率,开关电路11a的阻抗控制容性负载76放电的速率。
参见图5,按照本发明的用于灵巧材料致动器的驱动器的第二实施例包括可控电源10b和开关电路111a,111b,111c,111d,111e,111f。输入电压源12b被施加于可控电源10b。要被转换的电压被连续地产生。当对开关电路111a,111b,111c,111d,111e,111f的控制信号(未示出)为低时,每个电路111a,111b,111c,111d,111e,111f的NPN达林对164a,但图中只示出了电路111a中的,被选通,因而每个容性负载被充电。当控制信号为高时,开关电路111a,111b,111c,111d,111e,111f和每个单元111a,111b,111c,111d,111e,111f的PNP晶体管72a被选通,容性负载被放电,但是只示出了每个电路111a,111b,111c,111d,111e,111f中的。
在图1,2,3,4和5的实施例中,按照电流承载能力、电压定额以及元件类型包含了不同的元件。其它合适的元件可以包括场效应晶体管(FET)和双极结晶体管(BJT),小信号晶体管和功率晶体管,线绕电阻、薄膜电阻和碳合成电阻,陶瓷、钽和薄膜电容器,线绕的以及低温共烧(cofired)陶瓷变压器,或者通常用于大量生产的合适元件的任何组合。虽然作为例子给出的这些材料提供优异的性能,根据不同的应用要求,可以使用元件的其它的组合。同样,给出的实施例说明在市场上可得到的元件。
虽然本发明结合目前认为是最优选的实施例进行了说明,应当理解,本发明不限于所披露的实施例,与此相反,应当覆盖被包括在所附权利要求的构思和范围内的各种改变和等效结构,权利要求的范围应当给予最宽的解释,使得包括法律允许的所有的改型和等效结构。
Claims (30)
1.一种设备,包括:
灵巧材料致动器,以及
用于对所述灵巧材料致动器充电的至少一个可控电源和用于使所述灵巧材料致动器放电的开关电路。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述可控电源包括:具有包括一次绕组和二次绕组的变压器的DC-DC变换器,和与所述变压器的一次绕组相连的用于产生具有彼此相差180度的相位的驱动信号的可控驱动电路。
3.如权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述可控驱动电路是自振荡的。
4.如权利要求3所述的设备,其中所述自振荡的驱动电路还包括用于提供反馈信号的反馈装置,所述反馈装置包括推挽电路和与所述变压器相连的辅助绕组。
5.如权利要求4所述的设备,其中所述推挽电路包括一对NPN晶体管。
6.如权利要求2所述的设备,还包括和变压器的二次绕组相连的用于由和二次绕组相关的AC信号产生DC电压的整流器。
7.如权利要求2所述的设备,还包括和所述变压器的二次绕组相连的用于滤除由可控驱动电路产生的噪声的噪声减少电路。
8.如权利要求7所述的设备,其中所述噪声减少电路包括波纹电感器和旁路电容器。
9.如权利要求3所述的设备,还包括用于选通自振荡的驱动器的装置。
10.如权利要求9所述的设备,其中所述选通装置包括用于反馈电压的电压反馈装置。
11.如权利要求10所述的设备,其中电压反馈装置包括齐纳二极管。
12.如权利要求4所述的设备,还包括用于偏置所述推挽电路的装置。
13.如权利要求12所述的设备,其中偏置装置包括分压器。
14.如权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述DC-DC变换器还包括和所述DC-DC变换器的输入相连的用于反向极性保护的装置。
15.如权利要求14所述的设备,其中反向极性保护装置是二极管。
16.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述开关电路响应一个被控制的输入信号。
17.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述开关电路响应多个被控制的输入信号之一。
18.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中放电的速率由所述开关电路的阻抗确定。
19.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中充电速率由所述可控电源的阻抗确定。
20.如权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述变压器具有绕线铁心结构。
21.如权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述变压器具有LTCC结构。
22.一种用于驱动灵巧材料致动器的设备,包括:
可以和所述灵巧材料致动器连接的用于对所述灵巧材料致动器充电的可控电源;以及
连接在所述可控电源和所述灵巧致动器之间的用于响应一个电源的除去使所述灵巧材料致动器放电的开关电路。
23.一种用于驱动灵巧材料致动器的方法,包括下列步骤中的至少一个步骤:
利用和所述灵巧材料致动器相连的可控电源对所述灵巧材料致动器进行充电;以及
利用连接在所述可控电源和所述灵巧致动器之间的开关电路,响应一个电源的除去,使所述灵巧材料致动器放电。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,还包括产生彼此相差180度相位的驱动信号的步骤,其中可控电源包括:具有包括一次绕组和二次绕组的变压器的DC-DC变换器,和与所述变压器的一次绕组相连的可控驱动电路。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法,其中所述可控驱动电路是自振荡的。
26.如权利要求25所述的方法,还包括提供由推挽电路和与所述变压器相连的辅助绕组得到的反馈信号的步骤。
27.如权利要求23所述的方法,还包括通过使用和所述辅助绕组相连的整流器,由和变压器的二次绕组相连的AC信号产生DC电压的步骤。
28.如权利要求23所述的方法,还包括通过连接噪声减少电路到变压器的二次绕组来减少由可控驱动电路产生的噪声的步骤。
29.如权利要求22所述的方法,还包括由开关电路的阻抗确定放电速率的步骤。
30.如权利要求22所述的方法,还包括由可控电源的阻抗确定充电速率的步骤。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US40827702P | 2002-09-05 | 2002-09-05 | |
US60/408,277 | 2002-09-05 |
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CN1679226A true CN1679226A (zh) | 2005-10-05 |
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CN03820974.8A Pending CN1679226A (zh) | 2002-09-05 | 2003-07-17 | 用于使电容器充电和放电的设备和方法 |
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Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1563597A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4274373B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1679226A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003259143A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2494873C (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004023635A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103150077A (zh) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-06-12 | 苏州瀚瑞微电子有限公司 | 电路装置 |
CN108712107A (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-10-26 | 深圳市浩博高科技有限公司 | 一种用瞬态电能给单片机供电的电路及方法 |
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JPS59188657U (ja) * | 1983-06-01 | 1984-12-14 | オムロン株式会社 | 圧電素子の駆動回路 |
JPS63283228A (ja) * | 1987-05-15 | 1988-11-21 | Max Co Ltd | 圧電素子の駆動方式 |
JPH02197256A (ja) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-08-03 | Sony Corp | 電源回路 |
US4973876A (en) * | 1989-09-20 | 1990-11-27 | Branson Ultrasonics Corporation | Ultrasonic power supply |
JPH05300737A (ja) * | 1992-04-20 | 1993-11-12 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 定電圧直流電源装置 |
JPH0623983A (ja) * | 1992-07-06 | 1994-02-01 | Seiko Epson Corp | インクジェット記録装置 |
JP3214961B2 (ja) * | 1993-08-31 | 2001-10-02 | 株式会社デンソー | 圧電素子駆動装置 |
JP3045215B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-30 | 2000-05-29 | サンケン電気株式会社 | 共振型スイッチング電源装置 |
JPH07213061A (ja) * | 1994-01-19 | 1995-08-11 | Hitachi Commun Syst Inc | 小型スイッチング電源 |
US5604673A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-02-18 | Hughes Electronics | Low temperature co-fired ceramic substrates for power converters |
JPH09247931A (ja) * | 1996-03-13 | 1997-09-19 | Tec Corp | スイッチング電源装置 |
DE19931235C2 (de) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-08-30 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laden eines kapazitiven Stellgliedes |
FR2796219B1 (fr) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-09-21 | Renault | Dispositif et procede de commande d'un actionneur piezo-electrique |
DE19952950A1 (de) * | 1999-11-03 | 2001-06-07 | Siemens Ag | Ansteuereinheit für ein kapazitives Stellglied |
-
2003
- 2003-07-17 CA CA002494873A patent/CA2494873C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-17 AU AU2003259143A patent/AU2003259143A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-17 EP EP03794442A patent/EP1563597A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-07-17 WO PCT/US2003/022289 patent/WO2004023635A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-07-17 CN CN03820974.8A patent/CN1679226A/zh active Pending
- 2003-07-17 JP JP2004534247A patent/JP4274373B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103150077A (zh) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-06-12 | 苏州瀚瑞微电子有限公司 | 电路装置 |
CN108712107A (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-10-26 | 深圳市浩博高科技有限公司 | 一种用瞬态电能给单片机供电的电路及方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2003259143A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
JP4274373B2 (ja) | 2009-06-03 |
WO2004023635A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
CA2494873A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
JP2005538671A (ja) | 2005-12-15 |
CA2494873C (en) | 2009-10-27 |
EP1563597A1 (en) | 2005-08-17 |
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