CN1678779B - 抗穿透性的防身物品 - Google Patents

抗穿透性的防身物品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1678779B
CN1678779B CN038206072A CN03820607A CN1678779B CN 1678779 B CN1678779 B CN 1678779B CN 038206072 A CN038206072 A CN 038206072A CN 03820607 A CN03820607 A CN 03820607A CN 1678779 B CN1678779 B CN 1678779B
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yarn
self
penetration
article
fabric
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CN1678779A (zh
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M·J·基欧
L·J·普里克特
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DuPont Safety and Construction Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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    • A41D31/00Materials specially adapted for outerwear
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    • A41D31/00Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
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Abstract

本发明涉及抗穿透性的防身物品,其中包括抗长钉穿透的防身物品,和优选地抗长钉和发射弹丸穿透的防身物品。

Description

抗穿透性的防身物品
本发明的背景技术
本发明涉及抗穿透性的防身物品,具体地涉及抗长钉的防身物品,更具体地涉及抗长钉和发射弹丸穿透的防身物品。
现有技术的描述
因为规定防止威胁生命的暴力的标准和要求正不断地被采用或升级,所以人们正不断地研制新的抗穿透物品。
在2000年9月,国家法官学院(NIJ)出版了NIJ标准-0115.00,其题目“防刺个人身体防具”和NIJ标准-0101.04,其题目“防弹个人身体防具”。按照这些新标准,仍需要质轻、柔软舒适的防护服,这些防护服具有改善的防穿透性,能防御长钉威胁,或防御长钉威胁和发射弹丸威胁,例如惩戒、警察、军事和其它安全官员,可以根据它们的特殊工作要求和工作环境,每天都可以穿戴这些防护服,以获得适当的保护。
US 5 578 358(Foy等人)和5 622 711(Chiou等人)公开了抗长钉穿透的物品,这些物品用机织芳族聚酰胺纱制成,这些纱将其纱的线密度与用这种纱织成的织物的紧密系数特别结合起来。这些专利使用了韧度为每克至少30焦耳的纱。
US 6 103 646(Chiou)公开了抗长钉和发射弹丸穿透的物品。这些物品有抗长钉穿透的层和抗发射弹丸穿透的层,抗长钉穿透层在物品的外侧或撞击面。
US 5 565 264(Howland)公开了一种高度密实机织的防护织物。即该纱截面因织成大致方形而扭曲,形成过紧的连接结构,妨碍纱移动。
US 5 837 623和5 976 996(两份均为Howland)公开了用高密机织纱(其中包括短纤维纱)织成的防护织物基体。这些专利都说明了这种织物只受到轻微拉伸或撕扯负荷时才使用短纤维,并且还说明了在织物上使用涂料可以增强其硬挺性,改善其抗拉伸和撕扯负荷性能。这些专利中公开的密实机织织物有覆盖层时是明显高些,即约130-140%。这些专利公开的织物的织物松紧系数大于1.15。不管使用纱的种类如何,这样的织物因其高密实机织基体一般都是非常硬的,缺乏悬垂性,柔软性也有限。
考虑到上述情况,本发明的目的是提供一种柔软重量轻的改进物品,这种物品抗长钉穿透,任选地还抗发射弹丸穿透。
本发明的简要描述
本发明涉及抗穿透性的防身物品,该物品包括:
多个抗长钉穿透的柔软层,它的面密度是0.5-6.0千克/米2,每层都用机织织物制成;
这种机织织物的织物松紧系数是0.75-1.15,其织物用纱制成;
这种纱的线密度是500分特或500分特以下,韧度是3-20克/分特,断裂能量是8至低于30焦耳/克,该纱还含有短纤维;以及
这些短纤维的线密度是每根纤维0.2-7.0分特。
根据第二个具体实施方案,本发明还包括抗发射弹丸的第二种多层。
附图的简要说明
结合下面描述的附图,由下面详细说明可更充分地理解本发明。
图1显示一种示意性说明抗穿透性的防身物品,它具有本发明的抗长钉层。
图2A-C显示了分别示意性说明一种混合短纤维纱,捻结短纤维纱和混合连续复丝纱。
图3显示一种示意性说明抗穿透性的防身物品,它具有本发明的抗长钉层和抗发射弹丸层。
本发明的详细说明
本发明涉及抗穿透性的防身物品,其中包括抗长钉穿透的防身物品,和抗长钉和发射弹丸穿透的防身物品。
在一个具体的实施方案中,抗穿透性的防身物品10包括多个抗长钉的用机织织物制成的柔软层12、14。在图1上,部件号14代表该物品中可能任选地包含的三个或三个以上的层。这种机织织物是用纱织成的。这些纱含有短纤维。
(1)层
物品10含有多个抗长钉穿透的柔软层12、14。
这些抗长钉层12、14合并后的面密度是0.5-6.0千克/米2,优选地1.0-5.0千克/米2。这些层的面密度小于0.5时,层12、14不能提供合适的防身作用。合并多层的面密度大于6.0千克/米2时,合并层12、14通常变得过分笨重、重而硬,使其穿着不舒适。这种面密度太大时,它会妨碍穿着者的活动和快速移动的能力,长时间穿着还会使穿着者感到异常疲劳。
层12、14的层数越多,合并层12、14的面密度就越大。构成层12、14织物的短纤维纱的线密度越小,合并层12、14有可接受的面密度时,可以使用层12、14的层数就越大。例如,用220分特短纤维纱按经向和纬向织成这些织物时,机织织物层12、14的层数是3-50。相反地,用110分特短纤维纱按经向和纬向织成这些织物时,机织织物层12、14的层数是6-80。
采用任何办法,例如采用缝制在一起的办法,可以将层12、14保持或连接在一起,或可以将它们堆积在一起,还例如保持在织物包线或载体中。层12、14可以分成能分开堆积和连接的许多部分,或所有多层12、14可以堆积和连接作为单个单元。优选地,层12、14或层部分在角落处或沿着层12、14边在定距离间隔点连接在一起,并且基本上没有采取其它方法将织物的层12、14保持在一起。选择性地,可以在间隔约15厘米或15厘米以上的点或小段区域将层12、14或层部分连接在一起。倘若层12、14相对于每个相邻层有显著的移动,如前面所描述的,则提高了抗较大长钉力的强度,但可能降低了抗发射子弹的强度。
把本发明层12、14或层部分以面对面的关系放在一起,如希望的话,其间有或没有其它的层材料,这样可以将它们合并起来。其它的层材料可以放在层12、14或层部分之间,这些材料例如包括防水材料、防外伤材料等。
(2)织物
层12、14用机织织物制成。机织是指任何织物组织,例如平纹组织、四经破缎纹、方平组织、缎纹组织、斜纹组织等。平纹组织是最普通的。
层12、14的织物是“紧密机织的”,这意味着它的松紧系数是0.75-1.15,优选地0.85-约1.10。非常优选的是,紧密机织织物层12、14在纱线密度(分特)与织物松紧系数之间存在如下关系:
Y>或=X  6.25×10-4+0.69            (1)
式中Y=织物松紧系数,X=纱的线密度,如前面US 5 578 358中所公开的。
“织物松紧系数(fabric tightness factor)”和“布面覆盖系数(coverfactor)”是为织物组织的密度给出的名称。布面覆盖系数是相对于该组织几何结构的计算值,并表示被织物纱覆盖的织物总表面积的百分数。可以采用该技术领域中熟知的各种方法计算布面覆盖系数。计算布面覆盖系数所采用的方法可以是如下的方法(取自《织造:纱向织物的转化(Weaving:Conversion of Yarns to Fabric)》,Lord andMohamed,由Merrow出版(1982),第141-143页):
dw=织物中的经纱宽度
df=织物中的纬纱宽度
Pw=经纱节距(每单位长度的细纱(ends))
pf=纬纱节距
Figure A0382060700071
C fab = ( p w - d w ) d f + d w p f p w p f
= ( C f + C w - C f C w ) - - - ( 5 )
可以采用该技术领域中已知的各种方法计算经纱和纬纱宽度,dw和df,例如按照J.B.Dickson,《纺织品世界(Textile World)》,第102卷,第113-250页(1952)“全纤维系统满足织物工程需要”中的教导。
取决于织物组织类型,最大的布面覆盖系数可以很低,即使织物的纱彼此靠近也是如此。由于这个原因,更多使用的组织紧密度指示标志被称之“织物松紧系数”。织物的松紧系数是与最大组织紧密度相比的织物组织紧密度随着布面覆盖系数变化的一种度量。
织物的松紧系数=实际的布面覆盖系数/最大布面覆盖系数    (6)
例如,最大布面覆盖系数是在平纹组织织物的织物中没有纱的干扰,其系数可能是0.75;实际布面覆盖系数0.68的平纹组织织物的织物松紧系数因此应是0.91,实际布面覆盖系数0.83的平纹组织织物的松紧系数因此应是1.1。实施本发明的优选组织是平纹组织。
(3)纱
机织织物是用纱织成的。这些纱的线密度是500分特或500分特以下,优选地至少25分特。这些纱的韧度是3-20克/分特,而优选地5-16克/分特。这些纱的断裂能量(或韧性)是8至低于30焦耳/克,优选地10-25焦耳/克。这些纱的断裂伸长率优选地是至少2.0%,还没有已知的断裂伸长率上限。断裂伸长率低于2.0%典型地会使纱变得很脆。
多织物层中的纱包括短纤维。参见图2A,该图示意性说明混合的短纤维。这些纱可以只是短纤维纱。但是,这种机织织物可以用多股由短纤维织成的纱和含有连续复丝纱的其它纱织成。参见图2C,该图示意性说明混合的连续复丝纱。任何使用短纤维纱和连续复丝纱两者的织物结构是可能的,例如(a)有沿经向和纬向中任一方向或其两个方向交替排列的短纤维纱和连续复丝纱,(b)有沿经向和纬向中任一方向或其两个方向排列的两个或两个以上连续复丝纱,然后短纤维纱,或(c)有沿经向和纬向中任一方向或其两个方向排列的两个或两个以上短纤维纱,然后连续复丝纱的织物结构。
物品10可以包括多个单独地或部分地用短纤维纱织成的机织织物层12、14,和一个或多个用机织织物制成的层,该机织织物单独地用连续复丝纱织成。例如,物品10可以包括由连续复丝纱制成的一层或多层的重复组合,其重复组合与单独地或部分地用短纤维纱织成的一层或多层12、14相邻堆积。
该物品包括至少一层由包括连续复丝的纱织成的机织织物层时,优选地这样织物的织物松紧系数至少0.75,这样纱的线密度小于500分特。
此外,用于织出在一层中或在不同层中的机织织物的纱可以用单一聚合物、不同聚合物、共聚物、不同共聚物或其混合物织成。本文描述了合适的聚合物和共聚物。
可以捻这些纱,这些纱的捻级不高于捻度系数5。参见图2B,该图示意性说明捻结的短纤维纱。捻度系数是指每英寸纱中的捻度与纱线支数平方根之比。捻结有效地表示纱的一端保持固定,而另一端绕其纱纵轴转动或旋转,使其捻转到其纱上。捻结纱的捻度系数可如下计算得到:
捻度系数=tpi*sqrt(旦尼尔)/73    (7)
        =tpc*sqrt(分特)/30.3    (8)
        =tpi*/sqrt(棉纱支数)    (9)
式中tpi=每英寸转数,
    tpc=每厘米转数,和
    棉纱支数=重量1磅所需要的840-码绞纱数。
这些纱可以包括多根合股(即合并)与捻结在一起的纱。两根纱合股与捻结在一起时,它可称之两合股线。合股纱的捻转方向应与该合股纱中单根纱任何捻转方向相反。一根或多根合股纱可以是连续复丝纱。
纱或细纱在经向和纬向的数量可以相同或不同。纱或细纱在经向和纬向的线密度,或甚至在相同方向的线密度可以相同或不同。需要机织织物中纱的线密度越大,每单位长度的纱数越小,以提供适当的防身作用,且灵活性和舒适性又是可接受的。
(4)纤维
这些纱用短纤维织成。对于本发明来说,术语“纤维”定义为相对柔软的,宏观均匀的本体,它的长度与通过垂直于长度的横截面积的宽度之比比较高。该纤维截面可以是任何形状,但典型地是圆的。术语“长丝”与术语“纤维”可互换使用。
这些短纤维可以混合起来;这种纱可以捻结;另外两者皆可。一种纱用“混合”短纤维织成时,它是一种为保持纱整体性而沿着纱长度混合或缠结不连续纤维的固定单元。
这些短纤维的线密度是每根纤维0.2-7.0分特,优选地每根纤维0.4-5.0分特。
这些短纤维具有(a)基本均匀的长度,(b)可变的或随机的长度,或(c)具有基本均匀长度的短纤维子集(subsets),而在其它子集中这些短纤维具有不同的长度,在这些子集中短纤维混合在一起,形成基本均匀的分布。
合适的短纤维长度是1-30厘米。用短绒工艺织成的短纤维可得到长度1-6厘米的纤维。
可以采用任何方法织成短纤维。通过牵切连续纤维可以形成这些短纤维,得到的短纤维具有可起到卷曲作用的变形截面。可从连续的直纤维切得直的(即没有卷曲的)短纤维,或这些短纤维还可沿其短纤维长度从有锯齿状卷曲的连续卷曲纤维切得,卷曲(重复弯曲)频率是每厘米不大于8个卷曲。
这些纤维可以呈未涂布或涂布的或其它预处理(例如预拉伸或热-处理的)的形式。若使用聚芳族聚酰胺纤维,一般不需要涂布或采用其它方式预处理这种纤维。
在有一个或多个切断区的牵切操作中,将连续长丝丝束或绞纱切断可以得到牵切短纤维,这些切断区有能得到随机可变纤维质量的规定距离,而其纤维的平均切断长度可通过调整切断区加以控制。根据该平均纤维长度,这样纱的韧度易达到每旦尼尔约4-15克(即每分特约3-13.5克)。牵切纤维不会卷曲,因为该方法在切断后因弹回和接着压缩变形作用而使纤维具有一定卷曲度。
采用在该技术领域中熟知的传统长短绒环锭纺纱法,可以将本发明的短纤维转变成纱。对于短绒(staple),典型地使用棉系统纺纱纤维长度3/4英寸至2-1/4英寸(即1.9-5.7厘米)。对于长绒,典型地使用精纺或毛纺系统纺纱纤维长度直到6-1/2英寸(即16.5厘米)。然而,并不打算将这限制于环锭纺纱法,因为还可以采用喷气纺纱、自由端纺纱和许多其它类型纺纱方法进行纺纱,这些其它类型的纺纱可将短纤维转变成可使用的纱。
牵切短纤维的长度典型地直到长7英寸(即17.8cm),采用传统的牵切丝束成条工艺可以生产这些牵切短纤维。最大长度直到约20英寸(即51cm)的短纤维可能通过例如在国际公开WO 0077283中描述的方法。因而采用喷气长丝缠绞将纤维固定到细纱中可织成纱,其纱的韧度是3-7克/分特。这些纱可以有第二次捻转,即它们在形成使其纱有较大韧度后可以再捻转,在这种情况下,韧度可以是10-18克/旦尼尔(即9-17克/分特)。牵切短纤维通常不需要卷曲,因为该方法使这种纤维有一定卷曲度。
使用用短纤维织成的纱代替连续纤维有许多优点。使用短纤维纱时,人们可以设计出具有不同纱线密度的物品规格,而其线密度的变化比使用连续复丝纱可能达到的变化要多。连续长丝生产者只能生产出有限数量的纱的线密度。从生产一种线密度纱的纺纱方法改变到生产不同线密度纱的纺纱方法可造成生产时间和劳动力成本的浪费。为了生产以前没有生产的一种线密度的纱,需要附加的成本进行设计和安装必要的纺纱机,以及可能需要进行一些其它方法设备的更换。但是,可用各种连续纤维织成纱,再由这些纱织成短纤维纱。
另外,线密度小于500分特的短纤维比连续复丝纱便宜得多。此外,某些线密度连续复丝纱的需求量可能大于这样一些纱的生产能力。若是这种情况,其它线密度连续复丝纱的生产能力或库存量过剩时,它们可以用来生产所需要的短纤维,这样可显著节约成本。
此外,使用由短纤维织成的纱使得有可能使用由不同聚合物或共聚物织成的高性能纤维均匀混合物或共混物织成纱。使用今天的生产设备生产连续复丝纱还不是切实可行的。
使用短纤维纱还能提高使物品与穿着者身体外形一致的能力。
纤维聚合物
这些纤维用聚酰胺纤维、聚烯烃纤维、聚苯并噁唑纤维、聚苯并噻唑纤维、聚{2,6-二咪唑基[4,5-b4′,5′-e]亚吡啶基-1,4(2,5-二羟基)亚苯基}(PIPD)纤维或其混合物制成。优选地,这些纤维用聚酰胺制成。
该聚合物是聚酰胺时,芳族聚酰胺是优选的。“芳族聚酰胺”是指其中至少85%酰胺(-CO-NH-)键合直接与两个芳族环连接的聚酰胺。在《人造纤维-科学与技术(Man-Made Fibrers-Science andTechnology)》,第2卷,节标题“形成纤维的芳族聚酰胺”,第297页,W.Black等人,Interscience Publishers,1968年中描述了合适的芳族聚酰胺纤维。在US 4 172 938、3 869 429、3 819 587、3 673 143、3 354 127和3 094 511中也公开了芳族聚酰胺纤维。
芳族聚酰胺还可以使用添加剂,曾发现以重量计,直到多达10%其它聚合物材料可以与芳族聚酰胺掺混,或可以使用多达10%其它二胺取代芳族聚酰胺的二胺的共聚物,或可以使用多达10%其它二酰基氯取代二酰基或氯芳族聚酰胺的共聚物,
优选的芳族聚酰胺是对-芳族聚酰胺,聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)(PPD-T)是优选的对芳族聚酰胺。PPD-T是指由p-苯二胺与对苯二甲酰基氯的摩尔-摩尔聚合得到的均聚物,还指由加入少量其它二胺与p-苯二胺和少量其它二酰基氯与对苯二甲酰基氯得到的共聚物。一般地,其它二胺和其它二酰基氯使用量可以直到高达约10摩尔%p-苯二胺或对苯二甲酰基氯,或许再高一些,仅仅只要其它二胺和其它二酰基氯没有任何能干扰聚合反应的反应基团。PPD-T还指由加入其它芳族二胺和其它芳族二酰基氯得到的共聚物,芳族二酰基氯例如像2,6-萘甲酰氯,氯-或二氯对苯二甲酰基氯或3,4′-二氨基苯醚。
该聚合物是聚烯烃时,聚乙烯或聚丙烯是优选的。聚乙烯是指优选地分子量一百万以上的主要线型聚乙烯材料,其材料可以含有少量的支化链或共聚单体,该单体每100个主链碳原子不超过5个改性单元,并且其材料还可以含有与其混合的不高于50重量%一种或多种聚合物添加剂,例如链烯-1-聚合物,特别地低密度聚乙烯、丙烯等,或通常加入的低分子量添加剂,例如抗氧化剂、润滑剂、紫外光防晒剂、着色剂等。这通常称之增链聚乙烯(ECPE)。类似地,聚丙烯是指优选地分子量一百万以上的主要线型聚丙烯材料。高分子量线型聚烯烃纤维是从市场上获得的。US 4 457 985公开了聚烯烃的制备方法。
聚苯并噁唑(PBO)和聚苯并噻唑(PBZ)是合适的,例如WO93/20400中描述的。优选地,聚苯并噁唑和聚苯并噻唑是由具有下述重复结构单元构成的:
显示与氮原子结合的芳族基团可以是杂环基团时,它们优选地是碳环基团,而它们可以是稠合或未稠合的多环系统时,它们优选地是单六元环。在双-唑主链中示出的基团是优选的对亚苯基时,那个基团可以用不干扰制备这种聚合物的任何二价有机基团替换,或完全不用任何基团替换。例如,那个基团可以是直到十二个碳原子的脂族基团、亚甲苯基、亚联苯基、苯醚等。
用于生产本发明纤维的聚苯并噁唑和聚苯并噻唑应该有至少25个,优选地至少100个重复单元。在上述国际公开WO 93/20400中公开了这些聚合物的制备方法与这些聚合物纺纱技术。
物品
本发明的物品优选地完全由机织织物构成,没有刚性板或小片,也没有浸渍母体树脂的织物材料。因此,本发明的物品比在现有技术中提供类似保护的抗穿透结构更柔软,重量也更轻。
本发明的物品10优选地满足2000年9月在NIJ标准-0115.00,其题目“防刺个人身体防具”中描述的至少1级,更优选地2级,而非常优选地3级抗长钉性能要求。根据本发明,许多物品的规格都可能满足这个标准。例如,这些层中的机织织物在经向和纬向两个方向都用220分特短纤维纱织成,短纤维或细纱在经向和纬向的数量可以是60-90,取决于在这个范围内选择的短纤维或细纱数,其层数可以是3-50。使用不同线密度的短纤维纱时就有相应物品规格的变化。
图3说明的物品20可以任选地有第二个抗发射弹丸多层22。在图3中,部件号24表示在该物品中可以任选地包括第三个或更多抗发射弹丸层。本发明的物品20优选地满足2000年9月在NIJ标准-0101.04,其题目“防弹个人身体防具”中描述的至少IIA类,更优选地II类,而非常优选地IIIA类抗弹丸性能要求。这里可以使用在该技术领域中已知的任何抗发射弹丸层。不同的抗发射弹丸层可以使用不同的材料或结构。在US 6 119 575和6 195 798以及国际公开WO 01/96111A1中描述了合适的抗发射弹丸层。
这里使用的术语“物品”是指如这里描述的至少两个抗长钉的柔软层。这种物品可以包括至少两个抗发射弹丸层。这种物品可以包括其它的层或材料,例如防水材料、防外伤材料,以及载体或覆盖物或将这些层保持在一起的接结或粘合剂。
术语“防身”是指能防御某些威胁生命的武力(例如长钉,优选地发射弹丸),耐穿透的这些物品。长钉是锋利的或非常尖的物体,像碎冰锥。本文使用的术语“弹丸”是指子弹或其它物体或其碎片,例如枪发射的子弹。
防身物品可保护在严重受伤时会致人死亡的身体部分。这样一些部分包括躯干、腹股沟、颈和头。同样地,防身物品包括保护这些部分的防护衣或防具,例如背心、短上衣等。
试验方法
下面实施例中采用下述的试验方法。
线密度。根据ASTM D1907-97和D885-98中描述的程序,称取已知长度纱或纤维的重量,测定纱或纤维的线密度。分特定义为10 000米纱或纤维以克表示的重量。
抗拉性能。待试验纤维进行调节,再根据ASTM D885-98描述的程序进行抗拉试验。采用Instron测试仪,通过使试验纤维断裂测定韧度(断裂韧度)、断裂伸长率和弹性模量。
面密度。采用每单位织物面积(重量)的质量的ASTM D3776-96标准试验方法测定织物层的面密度。由单层面密度之和确定复合结构的面密度。
卷曲频率。采用ASTM D 3937-01(1995)标准试验方法测定生产的短纤维的卷曲频率。
切段长度。采用ASTM D 5103-01(1995)标准试验方法测定生产的短纤维的长度和长度分布。
抗长钉刺入。根据2000年9月出版的长钉防护类的NIJ标准-0115.00“防刺个人身体防具”进行多层板的抗长钉试验。
冲击性能。根据2000年9月出版的NIJ标准-0101.04“防弹个人身体防具”进行多层板的抗冲击试验。
实施例
现在通过下面特定的实施例说明本发明。
纱的制备
制备由聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)(poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide))纤维织成下述不同类的纱,该纤维是E.I.du Pont deNemours and Company(“DuPont”)以商标KEVLAR
Figure 10003_0
销售的商品:
1号纱:
1号纱是220分特聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)连续复丝纱,其商标KEVLAR,购自DuPont,标称韧度24.5克/分特,标称模量630克/分特,标称断裂伸长率3.4%,标称线密度1.67分特/纤维。这种纱的断裂能量是37.7焦耳/克,它大于30焦耳/克。
2号纱:
2号纱是660分特(18/2s英制棉纱支数),1.67分特/长丝(1.5dpf)KEVLAR
Figure 10003_2
短绒,棉系统环锭纺纱。这种纱的断裂能量是11.5焦耳/克,它小于30焦耳/克,但大于8焦耳/克,标称韧度7.8克/分特,标称断裂伸长率4.05%。这种纱是使用4.8厘米等长切断的,均匀长度每根长丝1.67分特的短纤维织成的。采用短绒纺纱技术将这些短纤维转变成纱,而这种技术引进了该行业熟知各种的设备。用于生产本实施例纱的环锭纺短绒方法涉及(1)梳理过程,其中将短纤维转变成梳理条子(carded sliver),(2)多次穿经并条过程(头道梳毛机/二道粗纱机/末道并条机),其中将多根梳理条子转变成末道并条条子,(3)粗纱过程,其中将并条条子加工成粗纱,(4)环锭纺过程,其中将粗纱环捻转成纺纱,(5)从环锭纺纱除去不要织疵的清洁过程,以及(6)将纱卷在锥形筒子上的卷绕过程。
3号纱:
3号纱是220分特(26.6/1s英制棉纱支数),1.67分特/长丝(1.5dpf)KEVLAR牵切环锭纺纱。这种纱的断裂能量是9.2焦耳/克,它明显小于30焦耳/克,但大于8焦耳/克,标称韧度8.6克/分特,标称断裂伸长率2.44%。这种纱是使用牵切,可变长度每根长丝1.7分特的短纤维织成的,这种短纤维的典型平均长度是7-11厘米(约3-5英寸)。采用“丝束成条”长纤维精纺烧毛(sing)纺技术生产这些短纤维,而这种技术引进了该行业熟知各种的设备。用于生产本实施例纱的方法涉及(1)牵切过程,其中将含有多根连续复丝纱的丝束拉伸断裂成随机长度,而织成“毛条(top)”,(2)多次穿经针牵伸过程,也称之针梳(头道梳毛机/二道粗纱机/末道并条机),其中将多个拉伸断裂条子或“毛条”转变成末道并条条子,(3)粗纱过程,其中将并条条子加工成粗纱,(4)环锭纺过程,其中将粗纱环捻转成纺纱,(5)从环锭纺纱除去不要织疵的清洁过程,以及(6)将纱卷在锥形筒子上的卷绕过程。
4号纱:
4号纱是930分特聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)连续复丝纱,其商标KEVLAR
Figure 10003_4
,购自DuPont,标称韧度24.1克/分特,标称模量630克/分特,标称断裂伸长率3.4%,而标称线密度1.67分特/纤维。纱的断裂能量是44.3焦耳/克,它大于30焦耳/克。
层的制备
将上述纱织成具有下述各种面密度试验织物的层:
(1)织成220分特1号纱的平纹组织织物,每英寸70×70根细纱(每厘米27.6×27.6根细纱),其织物松紧系数1.0,并用作对照。这个层定为层“A”。
(2)织成660分特2号纱的平纹组织织物,每英寸34×34根细纱(每厘米13.4×13.4根细纱),其织物松紧系数0.88。这个层定为层“B”。
(3)织成220分特3号纱的平纹组织织物,每英寸70×70根细纱(每厘米27.6×27.6根细纱),其织物松紧系数1.0。这个层定为层“C”。
(4)织成930分特4号纱的平纹组织织物,每英寸26×26根细纱(每厘米10.2×10.2根细纱),其织物松紧系数0.82。这个层定为层“D”。
本发明实施例1和对比实施例2、3和4
在本发明实施例1中,“C”织物层织成本发明的各种复合结构样品,用其样品进行抗长钉刺入试验。在对比实施例2、3和4中,“A”、“B”和“D”织物层织成复合结构,用这种复合结构进行抗长钉刺入试验。待进行的抗长钉刺入试验基于2000年9月在NIJ标准-0115.00,其题目“防刺个人身体防具”中描述的1级试验方案。该试验方案详细说明了为了满足1级性能要求,用24焦耳试验时最大允许穿透不大于7毫米,而用36焦耳试验时最大允许穿透不大于20毫米。抗长钉刺入试验结果列于表1。
表1
Figure 038206072A00800012
本发明物品抗长钉刺入试验结果表明,面密度为3.2千克/米2时,NIJ刺入1级的良好刺入强度,即用24焦耳试验时穿透小于7毫米,而用36焦耳试验时穿透小于20毫米,尽管纱的断裂能量明显很低,即9.2焦耳/克。对比实施例2也表明有良好刺入强度时,要求纱的断裂能量是非常高的,即高于每克30焦耳,这样生产成本通常是非常高的。对比实施例3和对比实施例4表明抗长钉刺入强度非常差,甚至分别7.0千克/米2和12.8千克/米2非常高的面密度也如此。
本发明实施例5
基于2000年9月在NIJ标准-0101.04,其题目“防弹个人身体防具”中描述的IIA级冲击试验方案和基于2000年9月在NIJ标准-0115.00,其题目“防刺个人身体防具”中描述的1级抗长钉刺入试验方案,对撞击面用22层“C”和靠着身体内面用16层“D”制成的样品进行了防弹试验和抗长钉的刺入试验。试验结果列于下表2中。
表2
Figure 038206072A00800022
本发明这个样品合并层的抗长钉刺入试验表明,NIJ刺入1级的非常良好的刺入强度,即用24焦耳试验时穿透小于7毫米,而用36焦耳试验时穿透小于20毫米。还对合并层进行了冲击V50和背面变形试验。本发明的合并层样品物品具有防御9mm子弹455米/秒的良好冲击V50,而防御40S&W子弹409米/秒的良好冲击V50,防御9mm和40S&W子弹的背面变形小于44毫米,因此满足NIJ冲击IIA级。

Claims (1)

1.一种抗穿透性的防身物品,它包括:
多个柔软层,并且这些多个柔软层的面密度是0.5-6.0千克/米 2 ,每层都用机织织物制成;
这种机织织物的织物松紧系数是0.75-1.15,其织物用合股纱制成,所述合股纱包括多根合股与捻结在一起的纱,其捻转方向与该合股纱中所述多根纱的捻转方向相反,并且不使母体树脂浸渍所述织物;
所述合股纱的线密度是500分特或500分特以下,韧度是3-16克/分特,而断裂能量是8至低于30焦耳/克,该合股纱还含有短纤维;以及
这些短纤维的线密度是每根纤维0.2-7.0分特。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中这些短纤维具有(a)基本均匀的长度,(b)可变的长度,或(c)具有基本均匀长度的短纤维子集,而在其它一个或多个子集中这些短纤维具有不同的长度,在这些子集中短纤维混合在一起,形成基本均匀的分布。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中使所述合股纱捻结,或使这些短纤维混合起来,或其两者。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中所述合股纱的捻度水平为捻度系数不大于5。
5.根据权利要求4所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中所述合股纱由多根合股和捻结在一起的纱组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中所述合股纱的断裂能量是10-25焦耳/克。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中所述合股纱的韧度是5-16克/分特。
8.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中这些短纤维的卷曲频率不大于8个卷曲/厘米。
9.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中这些短纤维选自聚酰胺纤维、聚烯烃纤维、聚苯并 唑纤维、聚苯并噻唑纤维、聚{2,6-二咪唑并[4,5-b4’,5’-e]亚吡啶基-1,4(2,5-二羟基)亚苯基}纤维及其混合物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中这些短纤维包括芳族聚酰胺纤维。
11.根据权利要求10所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中这些短纤维包括聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)。
12.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中这些短纤维的线密度是每根纤维0.4-5.0分特。
13.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中这些层合并的面密度是1.0-5.0千克/米 2
14.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中该物品满足在NIJ标准-0115.00中描述的至少1级抗长钉性能要求。
15.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,它还含有:
第二种抗发射弹丸的多层。
16.根据权利要求15所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中该物品满足在NIJ标准-0101.04中描述的至少IIA级冲击性能要求。
17.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中该机织织物的织物松紧系数是0.85-1.1。
18.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,其中该织物还含有连续复丝纱。
19.根据权利要求1所述的抗穿透性的防身物品,它还含有至少一层用纱织成的机织织物,其纱包括连续复丝纱,该织物的织物松紧系数是至少0.75,该纱的线密度小于500分特。
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CN1678779A (zh) 2005-10-05
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RU2005108589A (ru) 2005-08-10
RU2336374C2 (ru) 2008-10-20
DE60314264D1 (de) 2007-07-19
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BR0313767A (pt) 2005-06-21
CA2496529A1 (en) 2004-03-04
KR20050059089A (ko) 2005-06-17
CA2496529C (en) 2011-04-12
WO2004018754A1 (en) 2004-03-04
BR0313767B1 (pt) 2013-08-13
MXPA05002035A (es) 2005-06-03
KR101008754B1 (ko) 2011-01-14
US20070105468A1 (en) 2007-05-10
JP4511932B2 (ja) 2010-07-28
US7241709B2 (en) 2007-07-10
JP2005537398A (ja) 2005-12-08
DE60314264T2 (de) 2008-01-31

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