CN1665994A - 模板元件 - Google Patents
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- CN1665994A CN1665994A CN038156806A CN03815680A CN1665994A CN 1665994 A CN1665994 A CN 1665994A CN 038156806 A CN038156806 A CN 038156806A CN 03815680 A CN03815680 A CN 03815680A CN 1665994 A CN1665994 A CN 1665994A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/26—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8623—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic
- E04B2/8629—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic with both form leaves and spacers being monolithic
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
- E04B2002/0217—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions of prismatic shape
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及到一种专门为墙体或类似结构设计的模板元件。模板元件包括在上表面和下表面开口的、由膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫或者其他类似材料制成的中空矩形棱柱料块或者本体(1′)。在上述表面的边缘上设置有立方体形式的多个小的矩形棱柱凸出部(3),凸出部彼此之间形成相同结构的凹部(4)。上表面凸出部相对于下表面凸出部偏移,以这种方式,当本体叠加时,它们之间形成了榫槽式连接以确保最佳的稳定性。众多本体(1′)可以叠加以形成其内外表面封闭且可容纳大量钢筋混凝土以形成墙体的抵抗力元件的腔体。根据本发明,水平加强元件穿过较小侧壁(5)的凹口(6)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到一种特别为内外墙体结构以及一层和多层建筑设计的模板元件。
上述元件可以容易、快速地装配,同时可以切割至某一实际需要的合适尺寸。
模板元件设计用于获得混凝土墙体,尤其是钢筋混凝土墙体,其中可以嵌入各种用途的管子和导管。其特别特征是,上述元件使墙体具有高热绝缘系数和高声绝缘系数。
模板元件用于工业建筑、住宅、公寓、车库、游泳池和冷冻房等。
背景技术
众所周知,在现有技术提供墙体结构的可能宽度范围内,用钢筋混凝土组成上述墙体的一个解决方案是将合适模板定形后,就地浇注混凝土。
通常,这些模板由相互连接形成两个平行的垂直面且适当硬化的金属板组成。这些金属板通过隔板适当地连接,使得一旦模板合适地配置后,所需的金属构架就被引入其中并最终浇注混凝土。
这一解决方案使得可以获得具有高坚固性的墙体,不过仍然呈现出多方面的问题,表现在这些方面:
为了正在讨论的建筑或者结构被坚固地完成,各种墙体必须通过上述金属构架连接在一起,并且混凝土必须仅浇注一次,这就需要应用大量的模板表面,例如大量的加固金属板。这些加固金属板需要相当多的投资费用和处理大量的非常重的材料。
在大多数情况下,具有标准结构的模板不能满足实际尺寸的需要,所以只有通过定制板来完成模板,这将使花费增加。或者通过偶然降低费用的解决方案,例如定制可切削的厚木板来完成模板,这将不利地影响整个模板的结构阻力以及建筑的美学光洁度。
即使这些模板可以加入各种类型的管道和管子,例如废水排泄管道、卫生水管、电线导管等等。当将这些导管与外部连接时出现一些明显的问题,因为模板的高费用不允许创建一些接入上述导管的孔。
即使获得的墙体提供高的力学抵抗力,从热和声的角度看,墙体的绝缘系数很低。
发明内容
本发明提出的模板元件以一种十分满意的方式解决了前述的问题,因为它组成了一种不为人知的元件,此元件明确地设计形成为所获得的墙体的一部分。并且,由于其固有性质,模板元件使上述墙体具有热和声绝缘特性。另外,模板元件是易脆的或者容易切割以满足各种情况下尺寸的实际需要、和形成一些可以接近内部导管的孔或者窗口。
为此,并且更具体地,上述模板元件物化为大体上是矩形棱柱、由膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫或者其他具有类似特性材料制成的本体。本体为在其表面具有开口并具有内部的硬化分隔部的中空本体。上述本体的特殊特征是在上述表面的周边具有多个同样也是矩形棱柱的小凸出部。凸出部交错分布,彼此之间形成相同结构的凹部。这样上表面的凸出部或者立方体与下表面上的凹部相对,这使本体叠加时可形成高坚固性榫槽式连接。
这些矩形棱柱元件或者本体呈现出长度明显大于其高度和宽度,这样可以以类似于传统建筑料块或砖块的方式将墙体建成一排。每排中的本体在纵向上相对于直接安装在其上和其下的排保持一定偏移,使得这些本体在墙体上交错分布,以确保它们之间很好地相对稳定。另外,可使在拐角处墙体间或者T型连接处锁紧。
在任何一种情况下,参照每种情况下的特定需要,适当数量的模板元件共面排列地结合使得获得两个平行的完全封闭和连续的模板表面,并且在两个表面间形成内部可接收水泥的凹部。可以通过传统方法在凹部中浇注水泥以确保大量混凝土从一点扩展到整个墙体或者相关建筑或者结构的墙体。另外,从地基连带露出处引入垂直金属构架也是有可能的。
当也需要水平构架时,某种排列的料块将在较小的侧壁上设置宽开口,所述水平构架将穿过宽开口。
上边已经提到的组成模板元件的膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫材料的特性使围墙具有热和声绝缘特性,并且由于易于切割,如果需要的话,可以用一个简单的锯子或者其他合适工具,来完成非标准尺寸部件或者元件和在较大墙体上创建孔或者窗口来允许导管和管子通过或者接入。为此,在元件的侧壁上包括凹槽或者标志以方便切割。
附图说明
为了补充前面的描述和有助于更好理解本发明的特性,根据实际实施例的优选示例,作为上述描述的组成部分,附上一套具有说明性和非限定性的一组附图。
图1以示意性的透视图显示了根据本发明的目的制成的模板元件。
图2通过与图1类似的图显示了另外一种特别设计的以在将要形成的墙体上实现水平金属构架的模板元件。
图3通过与前面类似的图显示另外一种仅在其一端具有开口的模板元件,这种模板元件可以在水平构架末端处用作封闭元件。
图4通过与前面类似的立体图显示了在浇注混凝土之前由本发明的模板元件制成的墙体的局部细节。
图5最后显示了完全完成的墙体的纵向截面细节。
图6以横截面显示了同样墙体的另外细节。
具体实施方式
参照上面提到的附图,可以看到本发明提出的模板元件由矩形棱柱本体1构成,例如其外部尺寸类似于那些典型的建筑料块。但具有特殊特征,即它完全由中空的、膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫制成,上表面和下表面具有开口,并且优选地设置有硬化的内部横向分隔部2,分隔部的高度明显低于本体1本身的高度。
这些元件可以榫槽式互相连接,如图2所示,为此,在上表面和下表面的周边,并且作为相当厚的周横壁的延伸,它们具有呈印模形式的多个小的矩形棱柱凸出部3,凸出部3交错分布,彼此之间形成凹部4。凸出部形态和尺寸与凹部相符合,但上表面和下表面之间有偏移,所以当本体1被叠加时,凸出部或者印模3保持相对并最终嵌入到凹部4中,以达到期望的榫槽效果,它在料块之间提供共面固定的高坚固性。
料块可具有等高的四面壁,如图1中所示。或者较小的横壁(5)具有宽凹口(6),如图2所示的料块1′。所以,第一种情况仅能提供穿过模件或者元件1内腔的垂直金属构架。第二种情况可以提供尤其地定位在凹口6上的水平金属构架。
在用本体1′构筑的墙体的每一排墙上,凹口6形成了纵向凹槽。每排的末端自然地必须封闭。为此,预先准备了如图3中所示的本体1″,本体1″仅一个较小的横壁5具有凹口6,另一横壁起封闭元件的作用,其高度与较大侧壁高度一致。
在任何一种情况下,在本体或者模件1、1′、1″拼接后,如图4、图5和图6所示,本体1较大侧壁形成与墙体内外面对应的完整围墙。围墙内部形成一个连续腔体,其下端由地板7封闭,腔体通过较小侧壁5和棱柱本体1、1′、1″的内部硬化分隔部2是不可变形的。随后腔体用大量混凝土8充满,混凝土8与金属构架一起使墙体拥有合适的结构硬度。然而上述大量混凝土8与墙体的外部和内部保持完全的绝缘,所以,尽管混凝土具有高的传导率,但并不起热桥梁作用。各种本体或者模件1、1′、1″的较大侧壁分别构成了热和声传播的内外屏障。
在模板的中空腔体中浇注混凝土之前,可以在里面设置导管,例如图4中所示的水落管9、电导管10等等。因为膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫可以用锯子或者其他合适工具容易地切割开,由于其固有性质,可以很容易地模板上形成通向墙体的内表面或外表面的接口11和12。
墙体在涂上用任何合适材料制成的内涂层13或者外涂层14后即告完成,内涂层或者外涂层可为墙体提供各种装饰,例如,面砖、灰泥、瓷砖、板条、墙纸等。
Claims (6)
1、一种特别设计用于获得钢筋混凝土墙体的模板元件,其特征在于,它具有矩形棱柱本体(1);矩形棱柱本体由中空的、膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫或类似材料制成,上表面和下表面具有开口,在所述表面的周边设置有多个小的凸出部(3),凸出部呈印模形式交错分布,彼此之间形成相同的凹部(4);上表面的凸出部相对于下表面的凸出部偏移,以便当叠置本体(1)时实现多个榫槽拼接。
2、如权利要求1所述模板元件,其特征在于,所述棱柱体(1)具有内部的硬化分隔部(2),优选地其高度大体上低于本体(1)本身的高度。
3、如上述任一权利要求所述模板元件,其特征在于,所述棱柱体(1′)在其较小侧壁(5)的边缘上具有宽凹口(6),当所述本体(1′)设计用于成为墙体的部分排时,必须形成水平金属构架。
4、如权利要求3所述模板元件,其特征在于,所述棱柱体(1″)设计用于占据接收水平金属构架的所述排的端部位置,本体(1″)仅在一个较小的侧壁上具有凹口(6),另一侧壁是封闭的。
5、如上述任一权利要求所述模板元件,其特征在于,它组成了一种不为人知的元件,设计用于不确定地成为相应墙体的一部分,它具有源于其固有特性的热和声绝缘特性。
6、如上述任一权利要求所述模板元件,其特征在于,除所述垂直和水平构架外,所述模板元件还可在其中容纳用于辅助用途例如水、电或其他的管子和导管,通过切割相应棱柱本体墙体可以侧向接近这些管子和导管。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ESP200201525 | 2002-07-01 | ||
ES200201525A ES2199063B1 (es) | 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-01 | Elemento de encofrado. |
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CN1665994A true CN1665994A (zh) | 2005-09-07 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN038156806A Pending CN1665994A (zh) | 2002-07-01 | 2003-06-13 | 模板元件 |
Country Status (9)
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US (1) | US20060010827A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1544368A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2005531703A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1665994A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003238529A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2491098A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2199063B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2005101330A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004003308A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
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CN107567526A (zh) * | 2015-01-16 | 2018-01-09 | 海因策格鲁佩管理有限公司 | 混凝土部件制造用模块、位移体以及格栅用于制造模块和混凝土部件的用途 |
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ES1064034Y (es) * | 2006-07-28 | 2007-05-01 | Teais Sa | Bloque de poliestireno expandido con anclajes de refuerzo para cerramientos de construccion |
US8061095B2 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2011-11-22 | Larry Bucheger | Wall system |
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US20170305759A1 (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2017-10-26 | Localized Water Solutions LLC | Water treatment method and system providing partial dynamic by-pass of water treatment stages |
JP6946951B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-09 | 2021-10-13 | 宇部興産株式会社 | コンクリート供試体用型枠 |
CN108374507A (zh) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-08-07 | 中清大装配式建筑有限公司 | 装配式直段竖向拼接轻薄模板 |
FR3090712B1 (fr) * | 2018-12-20 | 2022-01-28 | Daniel Mouton | Jeu d'éléments à bancher |
GR1010374B (el) * | 2021-12-06 | 2023-01-16 | Ρενατο Σπυρου Τολα | Συστημα δομησης με ενιαια στοιχεια χωρις ξυλοτυπο |
HUP2200166A1 (hu) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-11-28 | Tamas Hajba | Mûanyag-építõelem-készlet falszerkezetek készítésére, valamint eljárás falszerkezetek létesítésére az építõelemkészlettel |
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US4439967A (en) * | 1982-03-15 | 1984-04-03 | Isorast Thermacell (U.S.A.), Inc. | Apparatus in and relating to building formwork |
US4884382A (en) * | 1988-05-18 | 1989-12-05 | Horobin David D | Modular building-block form |
US4894969A (en) * | 1988-05-18 | 1990-01-23 | Ag-Tech Packaging, Inc. | Insulating block form for constructing concrete wall structures |
US5086600A (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1992-02-11 | Revelation Builders, Inc. | Block for concrete wall form construction |
US5123222A (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1992-06-23 | Reddi Form, Inc. | Plastic forms for poured concrete |
US5465542A (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1995-11-14 | Terry; Verl O. | Interblocking concrete form modules |
US5428933A (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1995-07-04 | Philippe; Michel | Insulating construction panel or block |
JP3547482B2 (ja) * | 1994-04-15 | 2004-07-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 情報処理装置 |
US5724782A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1998-03-10 | Rice; Ronald D. | System and method for constructing buildings (and other structures) capable of withstanding substantial natural forces |
US5699640A (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 1997-12-23 | Southeast Walls, Inc. | Foam building block |
US6536172B1 (en) * | 1999-06-01 | 2003-03-25 | Victor A. Amend | Insulating construction form and manner of employment for same |
-
2002
- 2002-07-01 ES ES200201525A patent/ES2199063B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-06-13 AU AU2003238529A patent/AU2003238529A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-13 RU RU2005101330/03A patent/RU2005101330A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-06-13 WO PCT/ES2003/000295 patent/WO2004003308A1/es active Application Filing
- 2003-06-13 CA CA002491098A patent/CA2491098A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-13 US US10/519,494 patent/US20060010827A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-13 EP EP03732598A patent/EP1544368A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-06-13 CN CN038156806A patent/CN1665994A/zh active Pending
- 2003-06-13 JP JP2004516798A patent/JP2005531703A/ja active Pending
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103221620A (zh) * | 2010-09-17 | 2013-07-24 | 尔班依塔斯有限公司 | 具有热质量辐射体的复合建筑物模块 |
CN103221620B (zh) * | 2010-09-17 | 2016-10-12 | 尔班依塔斯有限公司 | 具有热质量辐射体的复合建筑物模块 |
CN107567526A (zh) * | 2015-01-16 | 2018-01-09 | 海因策格鲁佩管理有限公司 | 混凝土部件制造用模块、位移体以及格栅用于制造模块和混凝土部件的用途 |
Also Published As
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WO2004003308A1 (es) | 2004-01-08 |
US20060010827A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
AU2003238529A1 (en) | 2004-01-19 |
CA2491098A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
EP1544368A1 (en) | 2005-06-22 |
RU2005101330A (ru) | 2006-04-27 |
ES2199063B1 (es) | 2005-06-01 |
JP2005531703A (ja) | 2005-10-20 |
ES2199063A1 (es) | 2004-02-01 |
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