CN1633565A - 具有减震机构的张紧装置 - Google Patents

具有减震机构的张紧装置 Download PDF

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CN1633565A
CN1633565A CNA008174865A CN00817486A CN1633565A CN 1633565 A CN1633565 A CN 1633565A CN A008174865 A CNA008174865 A CN A008174865A CN 00817486 A CN00817486 A CN 00817486A CN 1633565 A CN1633565 A CN 1633565A
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亚历山大·塞克夫
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H7/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H7/10—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley
    • F16H7/12—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley of an idle pulley
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H7/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H7/10—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley
    • F16H7/12—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley of an idle pulley
    • F16H7/1209—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley of an idle pulley with vibration damping means
    • F16H7/1218—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley of an idle pulley with vibration damping means of the dry friction type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H7/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H2007/0802—Actuators for final output members
    • F16H2007/081—Torsion springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H7/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H7/0829—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains with vibration damping means
    • F16H2007/084—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains with vibration damping means having vibration damping characteristics dependent on the moving direction of the tensioner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H7/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H2007/0889—Path of movement of the finally actuated member
    • F16H2007/0893—Circular path

Abstract

本发明包括一种张紧装置(10)，它对机动车应用中微V型的前端辅助皮带传动系统特别有用，其中最小的张紧装置的体积与最大的平衡及最小的枢轴轴衬(56)的磨损相结合，以便在张紧装置(10)的预期寿命期间获得最大的皮带轮(12)的对准。本发明的皮带张紧装置(10)属于具有底座(42)的类型，枢轴臂(52)连接至圆柱形构件(53)上，它支承着枢轴臂(52)，并围绕紧固至底座(42)的枢轴(32)而转动。至少一件套筒型轴衬(56)设置在枢轴(32)上，并包含支承表面，它支承着圆柱形构件(53)。皮带轮(12)连接至枢轴臂(52)上，用于啮合皮带和接受皮带负载，皮带负载产生皮带分力，它被传送至圆柱形构件(53)(轴套负载)。扭转弹簧(48)的一端连接至底座(42)，另一端互连至减震装置(51)，它产生减震分力，其作用方向与皮带分力的方向相对。减震装置(51)沿着平行于枢轴(32)的平面，基本安装在枢轴臂(52)与轴衬(56)之间。

Description

具有减震机构的张紧装置
                    发明的技术领域
本发明涉及一种皮带传动系统，它包括具有减震机构的张紧装置。更为特别的是，本发明涉及一种具有扭转弹簧的张紧装置，扭转弹簧偏移枢轴臂的位置，而啮合皮带的皮带轮则可转动地安装在枢轴臂上。本发明的张紧装置以及其减震机构在机动车发动机应用中前端辅助传动的微V型皮带的张力控制方面特别有用。
机械张紧装置用于自动控制机动车发动机应用中前端辅助传动的皮带的张力。这样的张紧装置具有枢轴臂，该枢轴臂围绕紧固至底座的枢轴而转动，并在枢轴上应用套筒状轴衬，用以为转动的枢轴臂提供支承表面。许多这样的轴衬由塑料制成，并在张紧装置的预期寿命期内遭到磨损。所应用的扭转弹簧常以一端连接至枢轴臂，而另一端通过底座而互联，用以偏移枢轴臂的位置，和所连接的皮带轮相对皮带的位置。此弹簧也用于产生弹簧力，它与产生正向分力的减震装置共同对摩擦滑移表面作用，阻止或减缓枢轴臂的振动运动。
在美国专利4473362中披露了一种这样的张紧装置。‘362张紧装置具有连接至偏移的圆柱形构件上的枢轴臂，圆柱形构件支承着枢轴臂，并围绕紧固至底座上的枢轴而转动。仅应用了一个扭转弹簧，其一端连接至枢轴臂，另一端连接至底座。位于枢轴上的单个的套筒型轴衬具有支承表面，它支承着圆柱形构件。皮带轮轴承的径向平面相对套筒型轴衬而偏移，这引入一个力矩或力偶，作为必须由轴衬承受的负载。这样的张紧装置有时称为“Z”型张紧装置，因为皮带轮相对其支承或底座结构而偏移。引入至轴衬的支承表面上的不相等的压力负载能造成过度的轴衬磨损及伴随的皮带轮的不对准。
应用此种Z型张紧装置的传动系统的皮带啮合皮带轮，并在皮带轮上产生一个皮带力，它被传送至圆柱形构件(此后称为轴套负载)上。如在‘362专利中解释的，对轴衬的不相等负载被减震装置所减小，因为减震装置产生一个正向分力，其作用方向大致与轴套负载相同。虽然皮带力的分力定向肯定会减轻某些轴衬负载及伴随的磨损问题，但在某些皮带传动情况还是不够，因为减压装置的正向分力在某些情况不足以平衡由于皮带力偏离圆柱形构件承受的轴套负载而产生的力矩，当枢轴臂在顺时针与逆时针方向之间振荡时，支承压力负载改变，单个轴衬具有“倾斜”或“隆起”的趋势。
在美国专利5647813中披露了一种解决在单个轴衬上“倾斜”或“隆起”的皮带张紧装置结构。如‘813专利解释的，轴套负载和由减震机构产生的正向分力至少由一个或两个轴衬加以承受，这些轴衬有2个轴向隔开的支承表面。但是，虽然‘813张紧装置是一种解决轴衬磨损的好结构，至少应用两个轴向隔开的支承表面增大了张紧装置的总体尺寸、重量和价格。此外，轴套负载和由减震机构产生的正向分力造成的由轴衬承受的合负载可能太大，从而引起过度的轴衬磨损。
                     发明内容
根据本发明提出一种张紧装置，这种张紧装置对机动车应用中微V型的前端辅助皮带传动系统特别有用，其中最小的张紧装置的体积与最大的平衡及最小的枢轴轴衬磨损相结合，以便在张紧装置预期寿命期间获得最大的皮带轮对准是最重要的。本发明的皮带张紧装置是属于具有底座类型的。枢轴臂连接至圆柱形构件上，它支承着枢轴臂，并围绕紧固至底座的枢轴而转动。至少一件套筒型轴衬设置在枢轴上，并包含支承表面，它支承着圆柱形构件。皮带轮连接至枢轴臂上，用于啮合皮带和接受皮带负载，皮带负载产生皮带分力，它被传送至圆柱形构件(轴套负载)。扭转弹簧以一端连接至底座，另一端互连至减震装置，以产生减震分力，其作用方向与皮带分力的方向相对。减震装置沿着平行于枢轴的平面，基本安装在枢轴臂与轴衬之间。
本发明的一个优点是，轴套负载能用在枢轴轴衬上小得多的负载更有效地加以平衡，从而提高了耐久性。本发明的另一优点是缩小了轴衬的尺寸，而没有增加由轴衬承受的压力，从而减少了整个张紧装置的体积和成本。
本发明的这些、那些目的或优点将在审阅附图及其说明后变得更为清晰，其中：
图1是前端辅助传动系统的示意前视图，其中包括本发明的皮带张紧装置；
图2是大致沿图1中线2截取的局部放大示意图，它展示与张紧装置相关联的各种分力；
图3是沿图2中线3-3截取的横截面图，其中只有皮带轮示于1/4横截面图；
图4是大致沿图3中线4-4截取的放大断开视图，展示本发明的减震机构；
图5是沿图2中线3-3截取的示意图，其中皮带轮被卸去以展示与本发明相关联的分力。
               较优实施例的说明
请参看图1和2，具有皮带轮12的张紧装置10作为皮带驱动系统的一件组成构件而展示，它包括皮带16和若干皮带轮。举个实例，皮带16围绕曲柄皮带轮18、风扇/水泵皮带轮20、功率转向皮带轮22、交流发电机皮带轮24、惰轮皮带轮26和张紧装置皮带轮12而拖曳。张紧装置皮带轮12啮合皮带16，并展示于若干位置，用以示意地表示皮带轮是如何移动，以调节皮带的张力。张紧装置皮带轮12啮合皮带16，并接收形式为相邻皮带拉线28、30的皮带张力T1、T2的皮带负截。皮带张力T1、T2(或负载)相结合以产生皮带分力BF，该分力BF沿形成于皮带拉线28、30之间的等分角线或角而作用。皮带分力在轴向偏离张紧装置的枢轴32，产生复杂的轴套负载，该轴套负载包括力和力矩，它们用箭头HL象征性地(即不是专门地)加以表示。
请参看图2-4，张紧装置属于机械型，包括底座42、扭转弹簧44和皮带轮12、皮带轮12可转动地借助诸如轴64上的滚珠轴承62安装在枢轴臂52上。滚珠轴承62通过凸缘紧固件66夹持在轴64上。枢轴臂52连接至圆柱形构件53上，它支承着枢轴臂52，并围绕枢轴的轴55而转动。至少一件套筒型轴衬56设置在枢轴32上。枢轴轴衬56最好是聚合物型的，并放置在枢轴中，用以相对枢轴的轴55而转动，从而支承枢轴臂52。虽然表示了一件枢轴轴衬56，但可有一件以上的轴衬。枢轴的轴55包括紧固件60，并通过圆柱形构件53中的凸缘孔57和枢轴轴衬56而伸展，从而将枢轴臂连接至底座42上。
如图所示，减震装置51是披露于美国专利5647813中一类的实例，其披露的内容已通过引用而包含于本说明书中。减震装置51是一种机构，它包括弹簧端48的延伸部分78，闸瓦70具有孤形外摩擦表面72，它啮合底座42的互补弧形的内摩擦表面74。闸瓦70具有相对面向的、内坡道表面86、88，它们在空间成顶角A而相交。
弹簧48通过减震装置51而互连，其端部围绕突起物96而弯曲，突起物96由枢轴臂52形成，或连接至枢轴臂52。弹簧端的延伸部分78具有表面98，该表面98滑移地啮合由闸瓦70形成的内坡道表面86。枢轴臂52包括由枢轴臂52形成的，或连接至枢轴臂52的突起部分100，它具有互补的坡道表面102，该坡道表面102滑移地啮合由闸瓦70形成的坡道表面88。
减震装置51沿着平行于枢轴32的平面，基本安装在皮带轮12与枢轴轴衬56之间。
枢轴臂52的圆柱形构件53与底座42同轴，并与底座42一起形成扭转弹簧44和减震装置51的壳体。枢轴臂52伸展于底座42的第一端部43之上。在某些应用中，防止圈(未表示)可用于保持弹簧44和减震装置51的四周清洁。
请参看图5，在运行中，皮带轮12连接至枢轴臂52，用于啮合皮带，接收皮带负载，它产生皮带分力，该分力传送至圆柱形构件(轴套负载HL)。扭转弹簧44的一端46连接至底座42，另一端48互连至减震装置51，扭转弹簧44产生一个减震分力DF，其作用方向与皮带分力相对。虽然没有表示，但应明白，一端46可替而代之地连接至臂52，而另一端48至连减震装置51。轴套负载HL和减震力DF产生一个作用至底座42，并由具有支承表面的轴衬56承受的反作用力，它用RF加以表示。由于减震装置51沿平行于枢轴32的平面，基本安装在皮带轮12与轴衬56之间，因此反作用力基本作用在轴衬56的支承表面上。

Claims (4)

1.一种具有底座类型的张紧装置，用于拉紧功率传送皮带，该装置包括：
枢轴臂，连接至圆柱形构件，该构件支承着枢轴臂，并围绕与底座相紧固的枢轴而转动；
至少一件套筒型轴衬，位于枢轴上，并具有支承表面，它支承着圆柱形构件；
皮带轮，连接至枢轴臂上，用于啮合皮带和接受皮带负载；
扭转弹簧，以其一端连至减震装置，产生减震分力，该减震分力的作用方向与由枢轴臂传送至圆柱形构件的皮带分力相对，其中改进包括：
减震分力和皮带分力产生反作用分力，基本作用在支承表面上。
2.如权利要求1所述的张紧装置，其特征在于，减震装置沿着平行于枢轴的平面，基本安装在枢轴臂与轴衬之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的张紧装置，其特征在于，扭转弹簧的一端连接至枢轴臂上。
4.如权利要求1所述的张紧装置，其特征在于，扭转弹簧的一端连接至底座上。
CNB008174865A 1999-12-21 2000-12-13 具有减震机构的张紧装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1322253C (zh)

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US6565468B2 (en) 2003-05-20
ATE282784T1 (de) 2004-12-15
KR20020065579A (ko) 2002-08-13
US20020032089A1 (en) 2002-03-14
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AU764731B2 (en) 2003-08-28
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BR0016492A (pt) 2003-07-15
WO2001046603A1 (en) 2001-06-28
CA2394531C (en) 2007-02-06
EP1242756A1 (en) 2002-09-25
EP1242756B1 (en) 2004-11-17
HK1046948A1 (en) 2003-01-30
HK1046948B (zh) 2005-05-13
PL364883A1 (en) 2004-12-27
AU2431701A (en) 2001-07-03
CZ20022209A3 (en) 2004-04-14
JP2003522908A (ja) 2003-07-29
DE60016031T2 (de) 2005-11-10
KR100454785B1 (ko) 2004-11-03
DE60016031D1 (de) 2004-12-23
CA2394531A1 (en) 2001-06-28

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