CN1630533A - 高血压症治疗药 - Google Patents
高血压症治疗药 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1630533A CN1630533A CNA038037289A CN03803728A CN1630533A CN 1630533 A CN1630533 A CN 1630533A CN A038037289 A CNA038037289 A CN A038037289A CN 03803728 A CN03803728 A CN 03803728A CN 1630533 A CN1630533 A CN 1630533A
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
- A61K31/136—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline having the amino group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. benzeneamine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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Abstract
高血压症治疗药物,含有对Na+/Ca2+交换转运蛋白1具有抑制作用的化合物作为有效成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新型的高血压症治疗药。
背景技术
细胞内的游离Ca2+对控制心肌或各种平滑肌的收缩、神经传递物质的释放、基因的表达具有重要的作用,可以通过调节细胞膜以及肌囊泡膜中的Ca2+泵、Ca2+通道以及Na+/Ca2+交换转运蛋白(NCX)来调节Ca2+的浓度。特别是其中的Na+/Ca2+交换转运蛋白在心肌以及血管平滑肌的收缩和松弛中起着重要作用(Ann.Rev.Physiol.第52卷467页(1990))。目前从哺乳动物中分离鉴定了3种NCX基因。并且发现NCX1蛋白在脑、心脏、肾脏中大量表达,NCX2蛋白主要在脑内表达,在内脏平滑肌中少量表达,NCX3蛋白主要在脑内表达,在骨骼肌中少量表达(《血管》第24卷No.3,101页(2001),Am.J.Physiol.,272,C1250-C1261(1997))。
另外,在有关作为NCX抑制剂的2-[2-[4[硝基苄氧基]苯基]乙基]异硫脲甲磺酸酯(KB-R7943)等异硫脲衍生物或2-[4-[(2,5-二氟苯基)甲氧基]苯氧基]-5-乙氧基苯胺(SEA0400)等苯氧基苯胺衍生物的报告中,确认了K-BR7943对急性心肌梗塞模型或脑以及肾脏的缺血再灌流模型的有效性(J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.第296卷412页(2001))。但是,还没有有关NCX抑制剂在高血压的治疗中应用的报告。
发明内容
本发明人等用由脑、心脏、肾脏调制的Na+/Ca2+交换转运蛋白(NCX)测定了K-BR7943、SEA0400等的NCX抑制作用。结果表明,与来自脑组织的NCX相比,以SEA0400为代表的苯氧基苯胺衍生物以及苯氧基吡啶衍生物对来自心脏以及肾脏的NCX具有选择性抑制作用。
另外,至目前为止的研究表明上述化合物在抑制NCX的浓度下对其他受体、通道以及转运蛋白几乎不产生任何影响(J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.第298卷249页(2001))。
以上结果表明,苯氧基苯胺衍生物等对NCX1具有高选择性。
另外,本发明人等为了揭示NCX1与疾病、治疗之间的关系,对各种疾病模型(糖尿病大鼠、食盐敏感性高血压模型等)应用NCX1选择性抑制剂进行了研究,结果发现在上述食盐敏感性高血压模型中,通过抑制NCX1可以有效地降低血压,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明涉及以抑制Na+/Ca2+交换转运蛋白1(NCX1)的化合物作为有效成分的高血压症治疗药物。
本发明的高血压症治疗药物以式(1)表示的2-苯氧基苯胺衍生物或其药学上允许的盐作为有效成分,
式中,R1表示氢原子或C1-C6烷氧基,R2表示卤素原子或硝基,
R3表示氢原子或卤素原子。
具体实施方式
作为本发明的NCX1抑制化合物,只要是对来自于肾脏的NCX1具有抑制作用的化合物即可,没有特别的限制,优选在后述试验(参考例3)中以3μM浓度抑制50%以上的化合物。再有,从防止副作用的目的出发,优选对NCX1具有特异性抑制作用的化合物。
作为对NCX1具有特异性抑制作用的化合物,是指在抑制NCX1的浓度下对其他受体、通道以及交换转运蛋白几乎不产生抑制作用的化合物,具体优选例如在3μM浓度下对Ca2+通道、Na+通道、K+通道、Na+/H+转运蛋白、去甲肾上腺素转运蛋白、Na+、K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶、磷脂酶A2、磷脂酶C、5-脂肪氧合酶、诱导型氮氧化物合成酶、组成型氮氧化物合成酶、腺苷受体、肾上腺素能受体、谷氨酸受体、舒缓激肽受体、LTB4受体、PAF受体等的抑制低于50%的化合物。另外,使用各离子通道、酶、受体的测定方法,按照J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.第298卷249页(2001)以及其中所引用的文献中记载的方法进行。
作为对NCX1特异性抑制的化合物,例如有苯氧基苯胺衍生物以及苯氧基吡啶衍生物。
优选式(2)表示的化合物或其药学上允许的盐,
式中,R4、R5以及R6相同或不同,表示氢原子或卤素原子。X表示
R7表示氢原子、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基或者取代或未取代的C1-C6烷氧基。Z表示硝基、氨基或NHC(O)CH2R8。R8表示氢原子、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷氧基、卤素原子、羟基、C2-C7酰氧基、NR9R10或
R9以及R10相同或不同,表示氢原子、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、N-甲基-4-哌啶基,R11表示氢原子、羟基或C2-C7烷氧羰基,Y表示亚甲基、环氧基、硫基或NR12,n表示1至4的整数,R12表示氢原子、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基或者取代或非取代的苯基。
从对NCX1的抑制活性出发,优选式(1)表示的2-苯氧基苯胺衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,
式中,R1表示氢原子或C1-C6烷氧基,R2表示卤素原子或硝基,R3表示氢原子或卤素原子。
式(1)以及式(2)中,C1-C6烷氧基是指碳原子数1-6的直链或支链烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基、异戊氧基、新戊氧基、叔戊氧基、1-甲基丁氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、1,2-二甲基丙氧基、己氧基、异己氧基等。
作为取代C1-C6烷氧基的取代基,例如氯原子、氟原子、硝基、氨基、二甲基氨基、羧基、甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、苯基、羟基、氰基、氨基甲酰基等。
作为卤素原子,是指氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子。
作为C1-C6烷基,是指碳原子数1-6的直链或支链烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、新戊基、叔戊基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丙基、己基、异己基等。
作为取代C1-C6烷基的取代基,例如氯原子、氟原子、硝基、氨基、二甲基氨基、羧基、甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、苯基、甲氧基、乙氧基、羟基、氰基、氨基甲酰基等。
作为C2-C7酰氧基,是指碳原子数2-7的直链或支链状酰氧基,酰基部分可以是环状,也可以含有芳香族基团。例如乙酰氧基、丙酰氧基、异丙酰氧基、环己酰氧基、苯甲酰氧基等。
作为C2-C7烷氧羰基,是指碳原子数2-7的直链或支链状烷氧羰基,烷氧基部分可以是环状,也可以含有芳香族基团。具体例如甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、丙氧羰基、异丙氧羰基、丁氧羰基、异丁氧羰基、仲丁氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基、戊氧羰基、异戊氧羰基、新戊氧羰基、叔戊氧羰基、1-甲基丁氧羰基、2-甲基丁氧羰基、1,2-二甲基丙氧羰基、己氧羰基、异己氧羰基等。
作为取代苯基的取代基,例如氯原子、氟原子、硝基、氨基、二甲基氨基、羧基、甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、羟基、氰基、氨基甲酰基等。
作为具有优良抗高血压作用的化合物的具体例,有下式表示的化合物(SEA0400)
以及式
表示的化合物(SEA0064)。
从防止副作用的目的出发,优选对NCX1具有比NCX2、NCX3更强抑制作用的化合物。例如在后述的Na+/Ca2+交换转运蛋白的测定方法中,优选
IC50(来自肾皮质)/IC50(来自脑)
IC50(来自肾皮质)/IC50(来自心肌膜)
的各计算值小于使用SEA0400时的计算值。
另外,式(1)以及(2)表示的化合物,可以通过WO98/43943、WO99/20598、特开平10-265460、特开平10-218844、特开平11-49752、特开平11-92454中记载的制造方法合成。
本发明的高血压症治疗药物,是指对对食盐敏感性高血压、肾性高血压、原发性高血压、妊娠性高血压、原发性醛甾酮症的治疗药物。
本发明的治疗药物可以用适当的公知载体、稀释剂等配制成适当的药物组成形态(片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、干糖浆、注射液等),经口或非经口给药。
在制造固体制剂时,可以使用各种添加剂,例如赋形剂、崩解剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、包衣基质,通过搅拌制粒法、流化床制粒法、破碎制粒法制备。
可以根据需要添加抗氧化剂、包衣剂、着色剂、矫味矫臭剂、表面活性剂、增塑剂等。
本发明药物有效成分的给药量,根据年龄、体重、给药形态等不同而不同,成人通常0.1~1000mg/日,一天一次或分数次给药。
以下通过制剂例、试验例说明本发明,但本发明并不局限于这些试验例。
制剂例1
SEA0400 50mg
乳糖 40mg
玉米淀粉 49.75mg
微晶纤维素 17mg
羧甲基纤维素钙 17mg
羟丙基纤维素 5.25mg
硬脂酸镁 1mg
合计 180mg
将SEA0400、乳糖、玉米淀粉、微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钙均匀混和,在其中添加10%羟丙基纤维素水溶液,练合后,干燥,将颗粒过30目筛,得到均匀颗粒,添加硬脂酸镁,压片制成片剂。
制剂例2
SEA0464 50mg
乳糖 40mg
玉米淀粉 49.75mg
微晶纤维素 17mg
羧甲基纤维素钙 17mg
羟丙基纤维素 5.25mg
硬脂酸镁 1mg
合计 180mg
将SEA0464、乳糖、玉米淀粉、微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钙均匀混和,在其中添加10%羟丙基纤维素水溶液,练合后,干燥,将颗粒过30目筛,得到均匀颗粒,添加硬脂酸镁,压片制成片剂。
参考例1 大脑微粒体Na+/Ca2+交换转运蛋白的测定方法
将由大白鼠(8周龄)的大脑得到的微粒体(1.5mg/ml)用含有160mM NaCl的缓冲液进行预处理,将Na载入囊泡(membrane derivedvesicles)内。将该悬浮液用含有20μM 45CaCl2的缓冲液稀释50倍诱发45Ca的摄入后,用缓冲液(0℃)稀释使反应停止,迅速回收硝基纤维素膜上的囊泡。然后用液体闪烁法对囊泡内的45Ca定量。可以根据J.Biol.Chem.第257卷,5111页(1982)的方法对上述的大脑微粒体中Na+/Ca2+交换活性进行测定。
参考例2 狗心肌囊泡Na+/Ca2+交换转运蛋白的测定方法
按Methods Enzymology第157卷,85页(1988)记载的离心分级法调制狗心肌囊泡(0.5mg/ml),在溶液A(20mM MOPS-Tris(pH7.4),160mM NaCl或KCl)中悬浮,室温下静置约1小时,将Na或K载入囊泡内。将该悬浮液用含有20μM 45CaCl2的缓冲液稀释50倍诱发45Ca的摄入后,用缓冲液(0℃)稀释使反应停止,迅速回收硝基纤维素膜上的囊泡。然后用液体闪烁法对囊泡内的45Ca定量。用从载入Na的情况下的值减去载入K的情况下的值评价Na+/Ca2+交换活性。根据J.Biol.Chem.第257卷,5111页(1982)的方法对上述的狗心肌膜囊泡中Na+/Ca2+交换活性进行测定。
参考例3来自大白鼠肾脏皮质的BLMV(basolateral membranevesicles)的调制方法以及Na+/Ca2+交换活性的测定方法
(BLMV的调制方法)
来自大白鼠肾脏皮质的BLMV的调制以及Na+/Ca2+交换活性的测定可以按照Am.J.Physiol.第266卷F785页(1994)中记载的方法进行。
将大白鼠的肾脏摘除后,置于冰冷却的蔗糖缓冲液(0.25mM蔗糖,0.1mM PMSF,10mM Tris-HCl(pH7.6))中,除去被膜后,将分离的皮质在蔗糖缓冲液中细细切断。用Dounce型匀浆机匀浆后,再用Polytron型匀浆机匀浆。然后2500g离心分离15分钟,回收上清液。再以24000g离心20分钟,回收片状物的白色松散部分。再添加蔗糖缓冲液,用Dounce型匀浆机匀浆,添加珀可(商品名,Percoll)后,30000g离心35分钟,回收中间层。再添加缓冲液(100mM KCl,100mM甘露糖醇,5mM HEPES-Tris(pH7.4))后,34000g离心30分钟回收松散的白色片状物(BLMV)。再在KCl-甘露糖醇缓冲液中悬浮后,34000g离心30分钟回收沉淀,用于测定活性。
(Na+/Ca2+交换转运蛋白(Na依存性45Ca的摄取)的测定方法)
将BLMV用预平衡缓冲液(100mM NaCl,40mM KCl,1mM MgSO4,10mM葡萄糖,5mM HEPES-Tris(pH7.4))平衡(37℃,10分钟)后,离心(20000g,5min),回收沉淀,用预平衡缓冲液再次悬浮。再次离心回收沉淀后,用预平衡缓冲液再次悬浮。将该BLMV悬浮液用外介质(100mM胆碱盐酸盐,40mM KCl,1mM MgSO4,10mM葡萄糖,5mMHEPES-Tris(pH7.4),25μM缬氨霉素,10μM CaCl2,1mCi/l 45CaCl2)稀释20倍开始摄入。在25℃下反应一定时间后,添加用来终止反应的溶液(stop solution)(冰冷却的150mM KCl)2ml使反应停止后,迅速用超滤膜(0.45μM硝基纤维素过滤器)过滤,从过滤器上回收BLMV。然后用2ml终止反应液洗涤2次,用液体闪烁法定量摄入到BLMV中的45Ca。
表1:Na+/Ca2+交换抑制活性(Na依存性45Ca的摄取)
(IC50值:μM)
脑 | 心肌膜 | 肾皮质 | |
K-BP7943 | 11.0 | 7.0 | 6.8 |
SEA0400 | 0.2 | 0.09 | 0.02 |
另外,在来自肾皮质的Na+/Ca2+交换活性的测定中,发现使用SEA0064时的抑制活性是SEA0400的约0.07倍。
试验例1
(方法)
Dahl食盐敏感性高血压大鼠模型的制作
选择Dahl食盐敏感性高血压大鼠(7周龄)用于实验,给予4%NaCl调制的高食盐饲料(正常饲料为0.6%),可以自由摄取水分。高食盐负荷2周后,确认诱发高血压,按下述方法分为4组进行试验。
(实验动物组)
I组:溶剂(20%脂肪乳剂)
II组:SEA0400 3mg/kg
III组:SEA0400 10mg/kg
IV组:SEA0400 30mg/kg
(实验步骤)
用上述方法进行高食盐喂食2周后,实施急生实验。在实验当天用非侵袭性间接血压测定装置在无麻醉状态下测定收缩压(给药前值)。然后分别经口给予溶剂以及SEA0400(3,10,30mg/kg),测定经时收缩压。
(结果)
给药前I、II、III组的收缩压分别是140±3,148±4,143±3,142±4mmHg。给药1小时后血压的变化率为:溶剂组-3.8±1.0%,SEA04003mg/kg组为-9.5±1.8%,SEA0400 10mg/kg组为-12.0±0.9%,SEA040030mg/kg组为-12.7±3.4%,与溶剂给药组相比,10以及30mg/kg给药组的血压值明显降低。
产业上的应用
通过本发明可以提供基于新的作用机理的高血压症治疗药物,是一种副作用少的高血压症治疗和预防药物。
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