CN1606592A - 新型阻燃化合物 - Google Patents
新型阻燃化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1606592A CN1606592A CNA028254937A CN02825493A CN1606592A CN 1606592 A CN1606592 A CN 1606592A CN A028254937 A CNA028254937 A CN A028254937A CN 02825493 A CN02825493 A CN 02825493A CN 1606592 A CN1606592 A CN 1606592A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- compound
- independently
- butyl
- phenyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical group N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroxyl Chemical compound O=N ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 aromatic halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 156
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 61
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 20
- SYNHCENRCUAUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ClCC[N+]([O-])(C)CCCl SYNHCENRCUAUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC1 WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004914 cyclooctane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MRHCTSJVGDQROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-tribromo-4-ethoxybenzene Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br MRHCTSJVGDQROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940058905 antimony compound for treatment of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- VUNCWTMEJYMOOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachlorocyclopentadiene Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl VUNCWTMEJYMOOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1-benzofuran-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)CC2=C1 ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- YUAPUIKGYCAHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromo-3-(2,3-dibromopropoxy)propane Chemical compound BrCC(Br)COCC(Br)CBr YUAPUIKGYCAHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MNAHQWDCXOHBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylpropane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MNAHQWDCXOHBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FJGQBLRYBUAASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1N1N=C2C=CC=CC2=N1 FJGQBLRYBUAASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QRFTXHFUNIFHST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrabromoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1Br QRFTXHFUNIFHST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940058344 antitrematodals organophosphorous compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000000 cycloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylidenehydroxylamine Chemical compound ON=C SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- HWRLEEPNFJNTOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=NC=N1 HWRLEEPNFJNTOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003849 O-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003872 O—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 44
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 62
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 43
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 33
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 18
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 14
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Natural products OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Cu+2] GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DWDAZFJBSZTCCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O]C1CCCCC1 Chemical compound [O]C1CCCCC1 DWDAZFJBSZTCCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 6
- FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisoctrizole Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=NN1C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)O)=C1O FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 6
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical group NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OP(O)O ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940035422 diphenylamine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- ICHKVCYUNCKCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C)C.OCCCCCCO Chemical compound CN(C)C.OCCCCCCO ICHKVCYUNCKCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical class O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- COVMBDWAODLWIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(=O)NCCO COVMBDWAODLWIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGGBUPQMVJZVIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)but-2-enoate Chemical class COC(=O)C(C#N)=C(C)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 WGGBUPQMVJZVIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJRDRFZCRQNLJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-[3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC(=O)OC)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O UJRDRFZCRQNLJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRBLLGLKTUGCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-[3-tert-butyl-5-(5-chlorobenzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC(=O)OC)=CC(N2N=C3C=C(Cl)C=CC3=N2)=C1O VRBLLGLKTUGCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene hexane Natural products CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical class [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- ORECYURYFJYPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexane-1,6-diamine;2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine;2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)N.ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1.C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1NCCCCCCNC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 ORECYURYFJYPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FWFBCOSKYDQTSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-3-(1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-amine Chemical compound CCCCNC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1C1=NC=NC=N1 FWFBCOSKYDQTSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FHAFFFSIDLDWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecyloctadecan-1-imine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=[N+]([O-])CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FHAFFFSIDLDWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- NXYYNGHWSMAGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecoxyhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCONCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NXYYNGHWSMAGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXGDIORKSOYRMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecylheptadecan-1-imine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]([O-])=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ZXGDIORKSOYRMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMMSXFAWOGWQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecylhexadecan-1-imine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]([O-])=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC MCMMSXFAWOGWQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HORBOHJHQGXXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecyloctadecan-1-imine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]([O-])=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HORBOHJHQGXXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- SLYJXPKHTZCZOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tetradecyltetradecan-1-imine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]([O-])=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC SLYJXPKHTZCZOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940074404 sodium succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium succinate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004646 sulfenyl group Chemical group S(*)* 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZHXAZZQXWJJBHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylbismuthane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Bi](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZHXAZZQXWJJBHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001862 ultra low molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001866 very low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WGVKWNUPNGFDFJ-DQCZWYHMSA-N β-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=CC(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C WGVKWNUPNGFDFJ-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/92—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with a hetero atom directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/94—Oxygen atom, e.g. piperidine N-oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07F9/576—Six-membered rings
- C07F9/59—Hydrogenated pyridine rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6574—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/65746—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus the molecule containing more than one cyclic phosphorus atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0066—Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/529—Esters containing heterocyclic rings not representing cyclic esters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
含有至少一个位阻硝酰基,羟基胺或烃氧基胺结构部分和至少一个普通有机卤素或有机磷阻燃结构部分的新型阻燃化合物可特别有效地为有机聚合物基材提供阻燃性,所述化合物用通式(I)来表示,其中HA彼此独立是位阻硝酰基,位阻羟基胺或位阻烃氧基胺结构部分,L彼此独立是直接键或化学连接基团,FRM彼此独立是有机卤素或有机磷阻燃结构部分,以及x,y和z彼此独立大于或等于1。(HA)x-(L)y-(FRM)z (I)
Description
本发明涉及含有至少一个位阻硝酰基,羟基胺,烃氧基胺结构部分和至少一个普通有机卤素或有机磷阻燃结构部分的新型阻燃化合物。
本发明的背景
U.S.专利No.5,096,950公开了某些NOR(N-烷氧基)位阻胺与含Sb2O3的溴化阻燃剂在聚丙烯中的共同使用。
U.S.专利No.5,393,812公开了用卤化烃基磷酸酯或膦酸酯阻燃剂与烷氧基胺官能化位阻胺的结合物阻燃的聚烯烃组合物。
U.S.专利No.5,844,026公开了含有某些NOR位阻胺和某些普通阻燃剂的聚烯烃组合物。
U.S.专利No.6,117,995公开了某些N-烷氧基位阻胺可以用作有机聚合物的阻燃剂。
U.S.专利No.6,271,377公开了含有N-羟基烷氧基位阻胺和卤化阻燃剂的聚烯烃组合物。
U.S.专利No.6,309,987和WO 99/54530教导了含有N-烷氧基胺的聚烯烃无纺阻燃织物。
A Revolutionary UV Stable Flame Retardant System for Polyolefins-R.Srinivasan,A.Gupta和D.Horsey,Int.Conf.Addit.Polyolefins 1998,69-83教导了含有某些NOR位阻胺与含卤素和磷的普通阻燃剂的聚烯烃。
Advances in a Revolutionary Flame Retardant System for Polyolefins-R.Srinivasan,B.Rotzinger,Polyolefins 2000,Int.Conf.Polyolefins 2000,571-581教导了含有某些NOR位阻胺与溴化且含磷的阻燃剂的聚烯烃。
N.Kaprinidis和R.King在2001年9月在the Society of PlasticsEngineers网址上邮送的摘要中论述了NOR位阻胺作为聚烯烃中的阻燃剂的用途。该摘要是要在2002年2月24日在德克萨斯州休斯敦的2002聚烯烃会议上介绍的提交给the Polymer Modifiers and AdditivesDivision的论文。该网址是
www.PMAD.org。
EP 0792911 A2公开了含有烷氧基胺官能化位阻胺和三(三卤代戊基)磷酸酯阻燃剂的聚烯烃组合物。
WO 99/00450,1999年11月3日提出的待审查U.S.申请Nos.09/502,239和2000年11月6日提出的09/714,717公开了某些N-烷氧基位阻胺作为阻燃剂的用途。
EP 1104766公开了用于合成树脂的作为阻燃剂的交联苯氧基膦腈类化合物。
阻燃剂(FR)市场目前包括了用于通过化学和/或物理方式干扰燃烧过程的产品。从机理上讲,这些FR被认为在制品于气相、凝相或二者中的燃烧过程中起作用。有机卤素被认为产生了卤素物质(例如HX),它在气相中干扰了来自聚合物基材的自由基有机“燃料”。增效剂被认为与HX反应,形成了干扰气相中的燃烧的其它化学物质,如氧化锑与HX反应,形成卤化锑和水蒸气。锑化合物如三氧化二锑还起自由基清除剂的作用,形成了卤化锑类。因此,它们能够抑制火焰的蔓延。
虽然锑化合物就价格性能而言是有效的,但它们最近引起了人们的关注,因为在卤化阻燃剂的存在下的燃烧过程中形成的副产物具有毒性。氧化锑类常常含有痕量的砷化合物,它们是可疑的致癌物质。由于这些生态问题,在目前的工业阻燃剂应用中存在替代三氧化二锑的动向。然而,很难找到环境友好且具有效率高的价格性能的有效增效剂。
添加阻燃剂的另一原因是防止在燃烧时形成液滴。在燃烧过程中,一部分聚合物以液滴的形状与基质分离。通常,液滴是正在燃烧的,从而造成火焰传播的巨大危险。通常将大量的填料如滑石加入到聚合物中,从而不利地影响了机械性能。时常使用的其它填料包括碳酸钙,碳酸镁,硼酸锌,硅酸盐,聚硅氧烷,玻璃纤维,玻璃泡,石棉,高岭土,云母,硫酸钡,硫酸钙,金属氧化物,水合物和氢氧化物如氧化锌,氢氧化镁,三水氧化铝,二氧化硅,硅酸钙,硅酸镁。
现已发现,当添加含有至少一个位阻硝酰基,羟基胺或烃氧基胺结构部分和至少一个普通有机卤素或有机磷阻燃结构部分的新型化合物时,可制备具有良好阻燃性能的聚合物。使用这些新型化合物,可以大大减少或代替锑化合物和填料。因为这些化合物具有稳定剂的活性,所以本发明的聚合物组合物有效地防止了光、氧和/或热的有害作用。
详细公开
本发明涉及含有至少一个位阻硝酰基,羟基胺或烃氧基胺结构部分和至少一个普通有机卤素或有机磷阻燃结构部分的新型阻燃化合物。
该化合物具有以下通式:
(HA)x-(L)y-(FRM)z
其中
HA彼此独立是位阻硝酰基,位阻羟基胺或位阻烃氧基胺结构部分,
L彼此独立是直接键或化学连接基团,
FRM彼此独立是有机卤素或有机磷阻燃结构部分,和
x,y和z彼此独立大于或等于1。
含有至少一个位阻硝酰基,羟基胺或烃氧基胺结构部分和至少一个普通有机卤素或有机磷阻燃结构部分的这些化合物例如用通式I来表示:
以及含有至少一个位阻烃氧基胺结构部分和至少一个普通有机卤素或有机磷阻燃结构部分的本发明化合物进一步用通式II和III来表示:
其中在通式I、II和III中,
R是氢或甲基,
G1和G2独立是1-4个碳原子的烷基,或一起是五亚甲基,
x,y和z彼此独立大于或等于1,
L彼此独立是直接键或化学连接基团,
Z1和Z2独立是氢或烃基,或一起形成亚烃基,或独立是-OR1,-OCOR1,-COOR1,-CONR1R2,-NR1COR2,-COR1或-NR1R2,
R1和R2彼此独立是氢或烃基,或R1和R2一起形成亚烃基,
E是氧基,羟基,烷氧基,环烷氧基,芳烷氧基,芳氧基,-O-CO-OG,-O-Si(G)3,或-O-CH2-OG,其中G选自氢,脂族、芳脂族和芳族结构部分;或E是-O-T-(OH)b,
T是1-18个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基,5-18个碳原子的亚环烷基,5-18个碳原子的亚环链烯基,被苯基取代或被1个或2个1-4个碳原子的烷基取代的苯基取代的1-4个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基,
b是1,2或3,前提是b不能超过T中的碳原子数,当b是2或3时,各羟基连接于T的不同碳原子,和
FRM彼此独立是有机卤素或有机磷阻燃结构部分。
E例如是氧基,羟基,烷氧基,环烷氧基,或芳烷氧基。例如E是甲氧基,丙氧基,环己基氧基,或辛氧基。
字母x、y和z可以独立是1到大约200,1到大约100,1到大约50,例如1到大约25,1到大约10,或1到大约5,例如各自可以独立是1、2、3、4或5。
术语“烃基”广义地指单价烃基,其中化合价通过从碳原子上夺取氢来获得。烃基例如包括脂族(直链和支链)基团,环脂族基团,芳族基团和混合基团如芳烷基,烷芳基,炔基,环炔基。烃基包括诸如烷基,环烷基,芳基,芳烷基,烷芳基,链烯基和环烯基之类的基团。烃基任选可以插入羰基,羧基,氨基,酰胺基,硫基,亚砜,磺酰基和醚基和/或可以任选被羟基,氨基,酰胺基,羧基和硫代基团取代。
术语“亚烃基”广义地指任何二价烃基,其中两个化合价通过从碳原子上夺取氢来获得。包括在亚烃基的定义内的是与对于烃基所述相同的基团,当然具有额外的化合价,例如亚烷基,亚链烯基,亚芳基,烷芳基等。
对于本发明来说,以及如在本领域中公认的那样,术语“结构部分”,当它是较大化合物的一部分,例如通式I、II或III的一部分时是指化学官能团。例如,术语“有机卤素或有机磷阻燃结构部分”是指通式I、II和III的化合物的普通有机阻燃部分。同样,术语“位阻烃氧基胺结构部分”是指具有烃氧基胺加成官能团(additivefunctionality)的通式I、II和III的部分。对于本发明来说,术语结构部分不限于单一活性官能团。例如,含有两个(或多个)位阻胺基团的化学基团可以被认为是单一结构部分。
烷基例如是1-24个碳原子,例如1-18个碳原子或1-12个碳原子的直链或支链,例如是甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基,正己基,正辛基,2-乙基己基,正壬基,正癸基,正十一烷基,正十二烷基,正十三烷基,正十四烷基,正十六烷基或正十八烷基。
环烷基例如具有5-7个碳原子,包括环戊基和环己基;一般,环链烯基包括环己烯基。
芳烷基例如具有7-9个碳原子,包括苄基,α-甲基苄基,α,α-二甲基苄基或苯乙基。
芳基例如是苯基,萘基和联苯基。
烷氧基和芳氧基是-O-烷基和-O-芳基,其中烷基和芳基如以上所定义。
卤素例如是氯和溴。
本发明的化合物没有任何过氧连接基。同样,唯一可能的N-O键是在HA结构部分中(其中它是必要的)。
化学连接基团L
化学连接基团L例如可以是任何二价或多价连接基团。连接基团L例如是酯,酰胺,和其它普通二价或多价基团,例如-OCO-,-COO-,-O-,-CONR1-,-NR1CO-,-CO-,-NR1-,-S-,-SO-,SO2-,-CSO-,-COS-,-CSS-,三嗪基等。
R1彼此独立是氢或烃基。
多价例如是三价和四价或更高价。三嗪基是三价连接基团。
连接基团L可以是二价亚烃基或含有一个或多个上述酯、酰胺等基团的多价基团。连接基团L可以被所述基团封端,插入或取代。
连接基团L可以具有聚合骨架,例如聚胺,聚乙二醇,聚酯或聚胺/聚三嗪聚合物或低聚物。在这种情况下,L是多价的。
本文定义的聚合骨架(多价骨架)例如可以是本领域已知作为聚合物或低聚物添加剂的一部分的任何聚合或低聚骨架。例如,含三嗪的聚合骨架是商品位阻胺化合物,例如Chimassorb944,CAS#71878-19-8的一部分。可以定义为连接基L的其它适合的多价骨架是如在以下商品中的那些:
其中R′=R″或H,
和其中R″=
UvasorbHA88.
本发明的聚合骨架连接基团可以由已知聚合方法,例如烯属不饱和单体的缩聚或自由基聚合来获得。某些已知有机卤素和有机磷阻燃剂含有可以与同样含烯属不饱和基团的本发明位阻硝酰基、羟基胺和烃氧基胺化合物共聚的烯属不饱和基团。
包括烯属不饱和基团的阻燃结构部分的实例例如是:
作为将一个或多个阻燃结构部分键接于本发明位阻硝酰基、羟基胺或烃氧基胺结构部分的方法的适于缩聚的该阻燃结构部分的实例例如是:
其它适合的多价骨架是如在以下化合物中的那些:
其中R′是
和
Tinuvin和Chimassorb是Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.的受保护的商品名。Sanduvor和Hostavin是Clariant的受保护商品名。Cyasorb是Cytec Corporation的受保护商品名。Uvinul是BASF的受保护商品名。Uvasil是Enichem的受保护商品名。Uvasorb是3VSigma的受保护商品名。
有机卤素和有机磷阻燃结构部分(FRM)
FRM结构部分例如是被多个卤素原子取代的烃基,例如被1-37个溴或氯原子取代的1-18个碳原子的烷基,被1-23个溴或氯原子取代的5-12个碳原子的环烷基,被1-5个溴或氯原子取代的7-15个碳原子的芳烷基,或被5-9个溴或氯原子取代的6-12个碳原子的芳基。
例如,FRM结构部分是被3、4、5、6、7或8个氯或溴原子取代的烃基。
该FRM结构部分例如是:
或
其中T1和T2独立是烷基,芳基,烷氧基,芳烷氧基或二烷基氨基;或被1-8个卤素原子取代的所述烷基、芳基、烷氧基、芳烷氧基或二烷基氨基,R1如以上所定义;
或
或
或
其中X是氯或溴原子;
其中开放键之一可以键接于如以上所定义的T1,
其中开放键之一可以键接于如以上所定义的T1,
其中1-3个开放键可以键接于如以上所定义的T1,
其中1-3个开放键可以键接于如以上所定义的T1,
其中1-3个开放键可以键接于如以上所定义的T1,
其中开放键之一可以键接于烷基或芳基;或被1-8个卤素原子取代的所述烷基或芳基,
其中开放键之一可以键接于烷基或芳基;或被1-8个卤素原子取代的所述烷基或芳基,
其中X是氯或溴;和其中开放键之一可以键接于如以上定义的T1,
或
-(磷腈阻燃剂)。
组分的磷腈阻燃剂在本领域中是公知的。它们例如公开在EP1104766,JP07292233,DE19828541,DE1988536,JP11263885,U.S.专利Nos.4,107,108,4,108,805,4,079,035和6,265,599中。U.S.专利的相关公开物由此引入供参考。
FRM结构部分例如以公知商品有机卤素,有机磷和蜜胺型阻燃剂为基础。术语“以...为基础”是指潜在地由其直接衍生或具有低于所需化合价数的相同活性结构。
有机卤素阻燃剂例如是:
氯烷基磷酸酯(ANTIBLAZEAB-100,Albright & Wilson;FYROLFR-2,Akzo Nobel),
多溴化二苯醚(DE-60F,Great Lakes Corp.),
十溴二苯醚(DBDPO;SAYTEX102E),
三[3-溴-2,2-双(溴甲基)丙基]磷酸酯(PB 370,FMC Corp.),
双酚A的双(2,3-二溴丙基醚(PE68),
溴化环氧树脂,
亚乙基-双(四溴邻苯二甲酰亚胺)(SAYTEXBT-93),
双(六氯环戊二烯基)环辛烷(DECLORANE PLUS),
氯化石蜡,
1,2-双(三溴苯氧基)乙烷(FF680),
四溴-双酚A(SAYTEXRB100),
亚乙基双(二溴-降冰片烷二羧酰亚胺)(SAYTEXBN-451)
双(六氯环戊二烯基)环辛烷,
三-(2,3-二溴丙基)-异氰脲酸酯,和
亚乙基-双-四溴邻苯二甲酰亚胺。
有机磷阻燃剂例如是:
四苯基间苯二酚二亚磷酸酯(FYROLFLEXRDP,Akzo Nobel),
磷酸三苯酯,
多磷酸铵(APP)或(HOSTAFLAMAP 750),
间苯二酚二磷酸酯低聚物(RDP),
磷腈阻燃剂和
亚乙基二胺二磷酸酯(EDAP)。
蜜胺型阻燃剂例如是:
蜜胺氰脲酸酯,MELAPURMC,
蜜胺硼酸酯,
蜜胺磷酸酯,MELAPURP46,
蜜胺多磷酸酯MELAPUR200,和
蜜胺焦磷酸酯。
可用于本发明的卤化阻燃剂可以选自有机芳族卤化物如卤化苯,卤化联苯,卤化酚,它们的卤化醚或卤化酯,卤化双酚,卤化二苯醚,卤化芳族羧酸或卤化多元酸,它们的卤化酸酐,卤化酰胺或卤化酰亚胺;有机环脂族或多环脂族卤化物;和有机脂族卤化物如卤化石蜡,低聚物或聚合物,烷基磷酸酯或烷基异氰脲酸酯。这些组分在本领域中大部分是已知的,例如参看US专利Nos.4,579,906(例如,第3栏,30-41行),5,393,812;还参看H.Zweifel,Plastics Additives Handbook,Ed.,5th Ed.,Hanser Publ.,Munich 2001,第681-698页。
位阻硝酰基,羟基胺和烃氧基胺结构部分(HA)
HA结构部分例如以公知的商品位阻硝酰基、羟基胺和烃氧基胺稳定剂为基础。术语“以...为基础”是指潜在地由其直接衍生或具有低于所需化合价数的相同活性结构。
位阻烃氧基胺稳定剂在本领域中是公知的,还称为N-烷氧基位阻胺和NOR位阻胺或NOR位阻胺光稳定剂或NOR HALS。
它们例如公开在U.S.专利Nos.5,004,770,5,204,473,5,096,950,5,300,544,5,112,890,5,124,378,5,145,893,5,216,156,5,844,026,6,117,995,6,271,377以及2000年2月17日提出的U.S.申请Ser.Nos.09/505,529,2001年2月27日提出的09/794,710,2000年11月16日提出的09/714,717,1999年11月3日提出的09/502,239和2001年8月15日提出的60/312,517中。这些专利和申请的相关公开内容由此引入供参考。
以上引用的U.S.专利No.6,271,377以及2000年2月17日提出的U.S.申请Ser.Nos.09/505,529和2001年2月27日提出的09/794,710公开了位阻羟基烷氧基胺稳定剂。对于本发明来说,该位阻羟基烷氧基胺稳定剂被认为是位阻烃氧基胺稳定剂的子集。位阻羟基烷氧基胺稳定剂还被称为N-羟基烷氧基位阻胺,或NORol HALS。
典型位阻硝酰基化合物包括癸二酸双(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,4-羟基-1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-乙氧基-1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-丙氧基-1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-乙酰胺基-1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-酮,乙酸1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基酯,2-乙基己酸1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基酯,硬脂酸1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基酯,苯甲酸1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基酯,4-叔丁基苯甲酸1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基酯,丁二酸双(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,己二酸双(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,正丁基丙二酸双(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,邻苯二甲酸双(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,间苯二甲酸双(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,对苯二甲酸双(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,六氢对苯二甲酸双(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,N,N’-双(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)己二酰胺,N-(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)己内酰胺,N-(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)十二烷基丁二酰亚胺,2,4,6-三-[N-正丁基-N-(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)]-s-三嗪,4,4’-亚乙基双(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌嗪-3-酮),2-氧基-1,1,3,3-四甲基-2-异吲哚,1-氧基-2,2,5,5-四甲基吡咯烷,和N,N-双-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)硝基氧。
硝酰基稳定剂例如是癸二酸双(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,4-羟基-1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-乙氧基-1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-丙氧基-1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-乙酰胺基-1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,和1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-酮。
一个特定实施方案是其中硝酰基稳定剂是癸二酸双(1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯和4-羟基-1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶。
羟基胺稳定剂例如是在U.S.专利Nos.4,590,231,4,668,721,4,691,015,4,831,134,5,006,577和5,064,883中的那些,它们的相关部分在这里引入供参考。
提供HA结构部分的适合化合物的具体实例可以包括:
(a)2,4-双[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-氯-s-三嗪与N,N’-双(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺)的反应产物[CAS Reg.No.191680-81-6];
(b)1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-十八烷基氨基哌啶;
(c)癸二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯;
(d)2,4-双[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-(2-羟基乙基氨基)-s-三嗪;
(e)己二酸双(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯;
(h)2,4-双[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-氯-s-三嗪;
(i)1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶;
(j)1-((2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-氧代-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶;
(k)1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八烷酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶;
(l)癸二酸双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯;
(m)己二酸双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯;
(n)2,4-双{N-[1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基]-N-丁基氨基}-6-(2-羟乙基氨基)-s-三嗪;和
(o)下式的化合物:
其中n是1-15。
化合物(o)公开在U.S.专利No.6,117,995的实施例2中。
对于本领域的那些技术人员显而易见的是,在HA结构部分和连接基L的定义之间具有可能很大的重叠。即,这些基团不是互相排斥的;在一种化合物中,HA结构部分和L基团可以一种以上的方式来定义,仍然恰当地用式I、II和II来描述。
位阻硝酰基、羟基胺或烃氧基胺结构部分例如选自以下结构部分:
和
以及适当场合下的相应硝酰基和羟基胺结构部分。
本发明新型阻燃剂化合物有利地在有机聚合物基材中应用。因为硝酰基、羟基胺和烃氧基胺化合物具有稳定剂活性,所以本发明的聚合物组合物有效地防止了光、氧和/或热的不利作用,以及提供了阻燃性。
因此,本发明还涉及阻燃剂组合物,包括:
(A)有机聚合物基材和
(B)有效阻燃量的至少一种下式的化合物:
(HA)x-(L)y-(FRM)z
有利地是,本发明的组合物可以进一步含有不健合于位阻胺结构部分的普通阻燃剂,例如选自有机卤素和有机磷阻燃剂中的至少一种化合物。普通阻燃剂如上所述。
组分A和B以及任选的其它组分可以包括一种化学物质,或一种以上化学物质的混合物。
有利地是,该组合物仅含有少量的锑化合物如Sb2O3,例如低于聚合物组分A的大约1%,如低于大约0.1wt%;例如该组合物基本不含锑。
不需要阻燃填料来改进阻燃性能和例如在UL-94燃烧试验(见下)中获得较高的等级。因此,本发明的组合物可以含有仅少量的阻燃填料,例如低于聚合物组分A的大约3wt%,例如低于大约1wt%,例如低于大约0.1wt%;例如,本发明组合物基本不含阻燃填料。
阻燃填料在本领域中是已知的,选自氢氧化镁,三水氧化铝和硼酸锌。阻燃填料是为了获得阻燃性能而使用的无机化合物,在足够高的水平下被认为是“填料”。
如果普通填料如滑石,碳酸钙等正常例如用于流动性能,以便减小燃烧液滴的传播(本身不阻燃),用本发明的组合物还可以减少这些普通填料。例如,本发明组合物可以含有仅少量的普通填料,例如低于聚合物组分A的大约3wt%,例如低于1wt%,例如低于大约0.1wt%;例如本发明组合物基本不含普通填料。
此外,本发明使得可以用普通填料代替更昂贵的阻燃填料。
组分A的聚合基材可以是各种聚合物类型的任何一种,包括聚烯烃,聚苯乙烯类和PVC。例如,聚合物基材可以选自由聚烯烃,热塑性烯烃,苯乙烯类聚合物和共聚物,ABS和含有杂原子、双键或芳环的聚合物中的树脂。特定的实施方案是组分A为聚丙烯,聚乙烯,热塑性烯烃(TPO),ABS或高抗冲聚苯乙烯的实施方案。
例如,聚合物基材选自由聚烯烃,热塑性烯烃,苯乙烯类聚合物和共聚物,以及ABS中的树脂。
本发明的另一实施方案是其中聚合物基材选自聚丙烯,聚乙烯,热塑性烯烃(TPO),ABS和高抗冲聚苯乙烯的实施方案。
例如,聚合物基材是聚丙烯,聚乙烯或热塑性烯烃(TPO)。组分A的有机聚合物例如是热塑性聚合物如聚烯烃如聚乙烯,聚丙烯或它们的共聚物。热塑性聚合物例如是聚丙烯。
有机聚合物(组分A)的其它实例是:
1、单烯烃和二烯烃的聚合物,例如聚丙烯,聚异丁烯,聚1-丁烯,聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯,聚乙烯基环己烷,聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯,以及环状烯烃如环戊烯或降冰片烯的聚合物,聚乙烯(任选地加以交联),例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE),高密度和高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW),高密度和超高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW),中等密度聚乙烯(MDPE),低密度聚乙烯(LDPE),线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE),(VLDPE)和(ULDPE)。
聚烯烃,即在前面的段落中例举的单烯烃的聚合物,例如聚乙烯和聚丙烯能够通过不同的方法,尤其通过下面的方法来制备:
a)自由基聚合反应(一般在高压和升温下)。
b)使用一般含有一种或一种以上的元素周期表的IVb,Vb,VIb或VIII族的金属的催化剂的催化聚合反应。这些金属通常具有一个或一个以上的配体,典型的是π键或σ键配位的氧根,卤素,醇根,酯类,醚类,胺类,烷基类,链烯基类和/或芳基类。这些金属配合物可以是游离形式或被固定在基材上,通常固定在活性氯化镁、氯化钛(III)、氧化铝或氧化硅上。这些催化剂可以溶于或不溶于聚合反应介质中。该催化剂本身可用于聚合反应或另外可以使用活化剂,通常是金属烷基化物,金属氢化物,金属烷基卤化物,金属烷基氧化物或金属烷基噁烷(alkyloxanes),所述金属是元素周期表的Ia,IIa和/或IIIa族的元素。活化剂可以方便地另外用酯,醚,胺或甲硅烷基醚基团改性。这些催化剂体系通常被命名为菲利普类催化剂,印地安纳美孚油公司催化剂(Standard Oil Indiana),齐格勒(-纳塔)催化剂,TNZ(DuPont),金属茂或单中心催化剂(SSC)。
2、在以上项1)提到的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯与聚异丁烯的混合物,聚丙烯与聚乙烯的混合物(例如PP/HDPE,PP/LDPE)和不同类型的聚乙烯的混合物(例如LDPE/HDPE)。
3、单烯烃和二烯烃的共聚物,或单烯烃和二烯烃与其它乙烯基单体的共聚物,例如乙烯/丙烯共聚物,线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及其与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的混合物,丙烯/丁烯-1共聚物,丙烯/异丁烯共聚物,乙烯/丁烯-1共聚物,乙烯/己烯共聚物,乙烯/甲基戊烯共聚物,乙烯/庚烯共聚物,乙烯/辛烯共聚物,乙烯/乙烯基环己烷共聚物,乙烯/环烯烃共聚物(例如乙烯/降冰片烯如COC),乙烯/1-烯烃共聚物,其中1-烯烃就地生成;丙烯/丁二烯共聚物,异丁烯/异戊二烯共聚物,乙烯/乙烯基环己烯共聚物,乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物和它们的盐类(离聚物类)以及乙烯与丙烯和二烯烃如己二烯、二聚环戊二烯或乙叉基-降冰片烯的三元共聚物;和此类共聚物相互之间的混合物和与以上1)项中提到的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物,LDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA),LLDPE/EVA,LLDPE/EAA和交替或无规聚亚烷基/一氧化碳共聚物和它们与其它聚合物如聚酰胺的混合物。
4、烃类树脂(例如C5-C9),包括它们的氢化改性物(例如增粘剂)及聚亚烷基和淀粉的混合物。
以上1)-4)的均聚物和共聚物可以具有任何立体结构,包括间同立构,全同立构,半全同立构或无规立构;例如无规立构聚合物。还包括立构嵌段聚合物。
5、聚苯乙烯,聚(对-甲基苯乙烯),聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
6、由乙烯基芳族单体,包括苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,乙烯基甲苯的所有异构体,尤其对乙烯基甲苯,乙基苯乙烯、丙基苯乙烯、乙烯基联苯、乙烯基萘和乙烯基蒽的所有异构体,以及它们的混合物得到的芳香均聚物或共聚物。均聚物和共聚物可以具有任何立体结构,包括包括间同立构,全同立构,半全同立构或无规立构;例如无规立构聚合物。还包括立构嵌段聚合物。
6a.包括上述乙烯基芳族单体和选自乙烯,丙烯,二烯,腈类,酸类,马来酸酐类,马来酰亚胺类,乙酸乙烯酯和氯乙烯或丙烯酸衍生物和它们的混合物中的共聚单体的共聚物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯,苯乙烯/丙烯腈,苯乙烯/乙烯(互聚物),苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,苯乙烯/丁二烯/丙烯酸烷基酯,苯乙烯/丁二烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,苯乙烯/马来酸酐,苯乙烯/丙烯腈/丙烯酸甲酯,高抗冲击强度的苯乙烯共聚物和另一种聚合物如聚丙烯酸酯、二烯烃聚合物或乙烯/丙烯/二烯烃三元共聚物的混合物;以及苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,如苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯,苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯,苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯或苯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯。
6b.由在以上项6)中提及的聚合物的氢化获得的氢化芳族聚合物,尤其包括通过氢化无规立构聚苯乙烯制备的聚环己基乙烯(PCHE),常常称之为聚乙烯基环己烷(PVCH)。
6c.由在以上项6a)中提及的聚合物的氢化获得的氢化芳族聚合物。
均聚物和共聚物可以具有任何立体结构,包括包括间同立构,全同立构,半全同立构或无规立构;例如无规立构聚合物。还包括立构嵌段聚合物。
7、乙烯基芳族单体如苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝共聚物,例如聚丁二烯上接枝苯乙烯,聚丁二烯-苯乙烯或聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物上接枝苯乙烯;聚丁二烯上接枝苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈);聚丁二烯上接枝苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯;聚丁二烯上接枝苯乙烯和马来酸酐;聚丁二烯上接枝苯乙烯、丙烯腈和马来酸酐或马来酰亚胺;聚丁二烯上接枝苯乙烯和马来酰亚胺;聚丁二烯上接枝苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯;乙烯/丙烯/二烯烃三元共聚物上接枝苯乙烯和丙烯腈;聚丙烯酸烷基酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯上接枝苯乙烯和丙烯腈;丙烯酸酯/丁二烯共聚物上接枝苯乙烯和丙烯腈,以及它们与项6)所列举的共聚物的混合物,例如已知为ABS、MBS、ASA或AES聚合物的共聚物混合物。
8、含卤素的聚合物类,如氯丁橡胶,氯化橡胶,异丁烯-异戊二烯的氯化和溴化共聚物(卤代丁基橡胶),氯化或氯磺化聚乙烯,乙烯和氯化乙烯的共聚物,表氯醇均-或共聚物,尤其含卤素的乙烯基化合物的聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯,聚偏氯乙烯,聚氟乙烯,聚偏氟乙烯,以及它们的共聚物,如氯乙烯/偏氯乙烯,氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯或偏氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
9、由α,β-不饱和羧酸和其衍生物得到的聚合物,如聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯;用丙烯酸丁酯进行冲击改性的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯腈。
10、在项9)中提到的单体相互之间的或与其它不饱和单体的共聚物例如丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物,丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷氧基烷基酯或丙烯腈/卤代乙烯共聚物或丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯/丁二烯三元共聚物。
11、由不饱和醇类和胺类或酰基衍生物或其缩醛类得到的聚合物,例如聚乙烯醇,聚乙酸乙烯酯,聚硬脂酸乙烯酯,聚苯甲酸乙烯酯,聚马来酸乙烯酯,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,聚邻苯二甲酸烯丙酯或聚烯丙基蜜胺;以及它们与以上1)项中提到的烯烃的共聚物。
12、环醚的均聚物和共聚物,如聚亚烷基二醇,聚环氧乙烷,聚环氧丙烷或它们与双缩水甘油基醚的共聚物。
13、聚缩醛类,如聚甲醛和含有环氧乙烷作为共聚单体的那些聚甲醛;用热塑性聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS改性的聚缩醛类。
14、聚苯醚和聚苯硫醚,以及聚苯醚与苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺的混合物。
15、由羟基封端的聚醚、聚酯或聚丁二烯与脂族或芳族多异氰酸酯衍生而来的聚氨酯,以及它的前体。
16、由二胺和二羧酸和/或氨基羧酸或相应的内酰胺衍生而来的聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,例如聚酰胺4,聚酰胺6,聚酰胺6/6,6/10,6/9,6/12,4/6,12/12,聚酰胺11,聚酰胺12,以间-二甲苯二胺和己二酸为原料的芳族聚酰胺;从六亚甲基二胺和间苯二甲酸或/和对苯二甲酸制备的和有或没有高弹体作为改性剂的聚酰胺,例如聚-2,4,4-三甲基亚己基对苯二甲酰二胺或聚间亚苯基间苯二甲酰二胺;还有上述聚酰胺与聚烯烃,烯烃共聚物,离聚物或化学键连接的或接枝的弹性体,或与聚醚类,如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚亚丁基二醇的嵌段共聚物;以及用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;和在加工过程中缩合的聚酰胺(RIM聚酰胺体系)。
17、聚脲,聚酰亚胺,聚酰胺-酰亚胺,聚醚酰亚胺,聚酰亚胺酯,聚乙内酰脲和聚苯并咪唑。
18、由二羧酸和二醇和/或羟基羧酸或相应的内酯衍生而来的聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,聚1,4-二羟甲基环己烷对苯二甲酸酯,聚萘二甲酸亚烷基二醇酯(PAN)和聚羟基苯甲酸酯,以及由羟基封端的聚醚衍生而来的嵌段共聚酯;还有用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯类。
19、聚碳酸酯和聚酯-碳酸酯。
20、聚酮。
21、聚砜,聚醚-砜和聚醚-酮。
22、上述聚合物的共混物(多元共混物),例如PP/EPDM,聚酰胺/EPDM或ABS,PVC/EVA,PVC/ABS,PVC/MBS,PC/ABS,PBTP/ABS,PC/ASA,PC/PBT,PVC/CPE,PVC/丙烯酸酯,POM/热塑性PUR,PC/热塑性PUR,POM/丙烯酸酯,POM/MBS,PPO/HIPS,PPO/PA6.6和共聚物,PA/HDPE,PA/PP,PA/PPO,PBT/PC/ABS或PBT/PET/PC。
组分B有利地基于聚合基材A以大约0.01到大约20wt%的量在本发明的组合物中含有;例如大约0.1到大约10wt%,例如大约0.25到大约8wt%;例如大约0.5到大约3wt%。例如大约0.05,1,1.5,2,3,4,或5wt%。
如果在本发明的组合物中存在其它普通阻燃剂,它有利地以聚合基材A的大约0.5到大约45wt%的量含有;例如组分A的大约3到大约40wt%;例如大约5到大约35wt%。
本发明的化合物与其它普通阻燃剂的比率(重量份)例如是大约1∶5到大约1∶200,例如大约1∶50到大约1∶100,或大约1∶10到大约1∶25。例如,组分B与其它普通阻燃剂的比率是大约1∶10到大约1∶200,大约1∶25到大约1∶200,大约1∶50到大约1∶200,或大约1∶100到大约1∶200。例如,组分B与其它普通阻燃剂的重量比是大约1∶5到大约1∶100,大约1∶5到大约1∶50,大约1∶5到大约1∶25,或大约1∶5到大约1∶10。
其它普通阻燃剂的用量还取决于特定化合物的效率,聚合物和特定应用类型;例如,就最终组合物的阻燃性而言,5-15wt%的量的化合物三[3-溴-2,2-双(溴甲基)丙基]磷酸酯可以与30-45wt%的化合物十溴二苯醚一样有效。
本发明的所得稳定组合物还可以任选含有各种普通添加剂,例如以组分A的大约0.01到大约10wt%,例如大约0.025到大约4wt%,例如大约0.1到大约2wt%添加如以下列举的材料,或它们的混合物。
1、抗氧化剂
1.1.烷基化一元酚类,例如,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚,2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚,2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚,2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-双十八烷基-4-甲基苯酚,2,4,6-三环己基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚;侧链呈线性或支化的壬基苯酚类,例如2,6-二壬基-4-甲基苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十一烷-1′-基)苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十七烷-1′-基)苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十三烷-1′-基)苯酚;以及它们的混合物。
1.2.烷基硫代甲基酚类,例如2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚,2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-甲基苯酚,2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-乙基苯酚,2,6-双十二烷基硫代甲基-4-壬基苯酚。
1.3.氢醌类或烷基化氢醌类,例如,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚,2,5-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔戊基氢醌,2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚,硬脂酸3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基酯,己二酸双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)酯。
1.4.生育酚,例如α-生育酚,β-生育酚,γ-生育酚,δ-生育酚和它们的混合物(维生素E)。
1.5.羟基化硫代二苯基醚类,例如,2,2′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-硫代双(4-辛基苯酚),4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚),4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚),4,4′-硫代双(3,6-二仲戊基苯酚),4,4’-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)二硫醚。
1.6.亚烷基双酚类,例如,2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚],2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚],2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚],4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚),4,4′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚),1,1′-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚,1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,双[3,3-双(3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基苯基)丁酸]乙二醇酯,双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基-苯基)二环戊二烯,对苯二甲酸双[2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]酯,1,1-双-(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷,2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷,2,2-双-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,1,1,5,5-四-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
1.7.O-,N-和S-苄基化合物类,例如3,5,3′,5′-四叔丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄基醚,4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸十八烷基酯,4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸十三烷基酯,三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺,二硫代对苯二甲酸双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)酯,双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苄基)硫醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸异辛基酯。
1.8.羟苄基化丙二酸酯类,例如,2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)丙二酸二(十八烷基)酯,2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸二(十八烷基)酯,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二(十二烷基巯基乙基)酯,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]酯。
1.9.芳族羟苄基化合物类,例如1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯,1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚。
1.10.三嗪化合物类,例如2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯,1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)-异氰脲酸酯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
1.11.苄基膦酸酯类,例如2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二甲酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二乙酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二(十八烷基)酯,5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸二(十八烷基)酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸的单乙酯的钙盐。
1.12.酰基氨基酚类,例如4-羟基月桂酰苯胺,4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺,N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸辛酯。
1.13.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸的酯类,构成酯基的是单羟基或多羟基醇类,例如甲醇,乙醇,正辛醇,异辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,异氰脲酸三(羟基乙基)酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺,3-硫杂(thia-)十一烷醇,3-硫杂十五烷醇,三甲基己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.14.β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸的酯类,构成酯基的是单羟基或多羟基醇类,例如甲醇,乙醇,正辛醇,异辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,异氰脲酸三(羟基乙基)酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺,3-硫杂十一烷醇,3-硫杂十五烷醇,三甲基己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.15.β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸的酯类,构成酯基的是单羟基或多羟基醇类,例如甲醇,乙醇,辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,异氰脲酸三(羟基乙基)酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺,3-硫杂十一烷醇,3-硫杂十五烷醇,三甲基己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.16. 3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙酸的酯类,构成酯基的是单羟基或多羟基醇类,例如甲醇,乙醇,辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,异氰脲酸三(羟基乙基)酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺,3-硫杂十一烷醇,3-硫杂十五烷醇,三甲基己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.17.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸的酰胺类,例如N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)六亚甲基二胺,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)三亚甲基二胺,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼,N,N’-双[2-(3-[3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基]丙酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺(NaugardXL-1,由Uniroyal提供)。
1.18.抗坏血酸(维生素C)
1.19.胺类抗氧化剂,例如N,N′-二异丙基-对-亚苯基二胺,N,N′-二仲丁基-对-亚苯基二胺,N,N′-双(1,4-二甲基戊基)-对-亚苯基二胺,N,N′-双(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)-对-亚苯基二胺,N,N’-双(1-甲基庚基)-对亚苯基二胺,N,N’-二环己基-对亚苯基二胺,N,N′-二苯基-对-亚苯基二胺,N,N′-双(2-萘基)-对-亚苯基二胺,N-异丙基-N′-苯基-对-亚苯基二胺,N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N′-苯基-对-亚苯基二胺,N-(1-甲基庚基)-N′-苯基-对-亚苯基二胺,N-环己基-N′-苯基-对-亚苯基二胺,4-(对甲苯氨磺酰基)二苯胺,N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二仲丁基-对亚苯基二胺,二苯胺,N-烯丙基二苯胺,4-异丙氧基-二苯胺,N-苯基-1-萘基胺,N-(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-萘基胺,N-苯基-2-萘基胺,辛基化二苯胺(例如p,p′-二叔辛基二苯胺),4-正丁基氨基苯酚,4-丁酰氨基苯酚,4-壬酰氨基苯酚,4-十二酰氨基苯酚,4-十八酰氨基苯酚,双(4-甲氧基苯基)胺,2,6-二叔丁基-4-二甲氨基甲基苯酚,2,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷,4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷,N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷,1,2-双[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷,1,2-双(苯基氨基)丙烷,(邻甲苯基)双胍,双[4-(1′,3′-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺,叔辛基化N-苯基-1-萘基胺,单和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基二苯基胺类的混合物,单和二烷基化壬基二苯基胺类的混合物,单和二烷基化十二烷基二苯基胺类的混合物,单和二烷基化异丙基/异己基二苯基胺类的混合物,单和二烷基化叔丁基二苯基胺类的混合物,2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪,吩噻嗪,单和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物,单和二烷基化叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物,N-烯丙基吩噻嗪,N,N,N′,N′-四苯基-1,4-二氨基丁-2-烯,N,N-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基)-六亚甲基二胺,双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-酮,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-醇。
2.UV吸收剂和光稳定剂
2.1.2-(2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑类,例如2-(2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(5′-叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2′-羟基-5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-仲丁基-5′-叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2′-羟基-4′-辛氧基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔戊基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-双-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)-羰基乙基]-2′-羟基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基]-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-十二烷基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基苯并三唑,2,2′-亚甲基-双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基苯酚];2-[3′-叔丁基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)-2′-羟基苯基]-2H-苯并三唑与聚乙二醇300的酯基转移产物;[R-CH2CH2-COO-CH2CH2-]2-其中R=3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基-5′-2H-苯并三唑-2-基苯基,2-[2’-羟基-3’-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-5’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]苯并三唑;2-[2’-羟基-3’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-5’-(α,α-二甲基苄基)苯基]苯并三唑。
2.2. 2-羟基二苯甲酮类,例如4-羟基,4-甲氧基,4-辛氧基,4-癸氧基,4-十二烷氧基,4-苄氧基,4,2′,4′-三羟基和2′-羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基衍生物。
2.3.取代的和未取代的苯甲酸的酯类,例如水杨酸4-叔丁基-苯基酯,水杨酸苯酯,水杨酸辛基苯酯,二苯甲酰基间苯二酚,双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰基)间苯二酚,苯甲酰基间苯二酚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯基酯。
2.4.丙烯酸酯类,例如α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯,α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸异辛酯,α-甲酯基肉桂酸甲酯,α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯,α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸丁酯,α-甲酯基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯和N-(β-甲酯基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚。
2.5.镍化合物类,例如2,2′-硫代-双-[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基-丁基)苯酚]的镍配合物,如1∶1或1∶2配合比,有或没有附加的配位体如正丁基胺,三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍,4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸的单烷基酯(例如甲酯或乙酯)类的镍盐,酮肟例如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍配合物类,1-苯基-4-月桂酰基-5-羟基吡唑的镍配合物,有或没有附加的配位体。
2.6、空间位阻胺;例如癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯,琥珀酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯,癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯,癸二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯,双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸酯,1-(2-羟乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶和琥珀酸的缩合物,N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合物,次氮基三乙酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯,1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯,1,1′-(1,2-亚乙基)双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮),4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯,3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮,癸二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯,丁二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯,N,N′-双-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合物,2-氯-4,6-双(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物,2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物,8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,4-十六烷氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶和4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物,N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合产物,1,2-双(3-氨基-丙基氨基)乙烷和2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合物,以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(CAS登记号[136504-96-6]);N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺,N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺,7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺[4.5]癸烷和表氯醇的反应产物,1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基氧基羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯,N,N’-双甲酰基-N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺,4-甲氧基-亚甲基-丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯,聚[甲基丙基-3-氧基-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷,马来酸酐-α-烯烃共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物。
2.7、草酰胺类,例如4,4′-二辛氧基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺,2,2′-二乙氧基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺,2,2′-二辛氧基-5,5’-二叔丁基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺(2,2’-dioctyloxy-5,5’-di-tert-butoxanilide),2,2’-二(十二烷氧基)-5,5’-二叔丁基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺,2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺,N,N′-双(3-二甲氨基丙基)草酰胺,2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2′-乙氧基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺和它与2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-5,4′-二叔丁氧基N,N’-草酰二苯胺的混合物以及邻-和对-甲氧基双取代的N,N’-草酰二苯胺类的混合物和邻-和对-乙氧基-二取代的N,N’草酰二苯胺类的混合物。
2.8. 2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪类,例如2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4-双(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-十三烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁氧基-丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛氧基-丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[4-(十二烷氧基/十三烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-2-羟基-苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-十二烷氧基-丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-己氧基)苯基-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基-丙氧基)苯基]-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,2{2-羟基-4-[3-(2-乙基己基-1-氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基]苯基}-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
3.金属减活剂类,例如N,N′-二苯基草酰胺,N-水杨醛-N′-水杨酰基肼,N,N′-双(水杨酰基)肼,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼,3-水杨酰基氨基-1,2,4-三唑,双(苄叉基)草酰二肼,N,N’-草酰二苯胺,间苯二甲酰二肼,癸二酰双(苯基肼),N,N′-二乙酰基己二酰二肼,N,N′-双(水杨酰基)草酰二肼,N,N′-双(水杨酰基)硫代丙酰基二肼。
4.亚磷酸酯类和亚膦酸酯类,例如亚磷酸三苯酯,亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯,亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯,亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯,亚磷酸三月桂基酯,亚磷酸三(十八烷基)酯,二亚磷酸二硬脂基季戊四醇酯,亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯,二亚磷酸二异癸基季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)-季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸二异癸基氧基季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸双(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯,三亚磷酸三硬脂基山梨糖醇酯,二亚膦酸四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)4,4′-亚联苯基酯,6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12H-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin,亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基酯,亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基酯,6-氟-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12-甲基-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin,2,2′,2″-次氮基[三乙基三(3,3’,5,5’-四叔丁基-1,1’-二苯基-2,2’-二基)亚磷酸酯],亚磷酸2-乙基己基(3,3’,5,5’-四叔丁基-1,1’-联苯基-2,2’-二基)酯,5-丁基-5-乙基-2-(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯氧基)-1,3,2-二氧杂正膦(dioxaphophirane)。
具体实例是以下亚磷酸酯:
亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯(Irgafos168,Ciba-Geigy),亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯,
5.羟基胺类,例如N,N-二苄基羟基胺,N,N-二乙基羟基胺,N,N-二辛基羟基胺,N,N-二月桂基羟基胺,N,N-二(十四烷基)羟基胺,N,N-二(十六烷基)羟基胺,N,N-二(十八烷基)羟基胺,N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟基胺,N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羟基胺,由氢化牛油脂肪胺得到的N,N-二烷基羟基胺。
6.硝酮类,例如N-苄基-α-苯基-硝酮,N-乙基-α-甲基-硝酮,N-辛基-α-庚基-硝酮,N-月桂基-α-十一烷基-硝酮,N-十四烷基-α-十三烷基-硝酮,N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基-硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基-硝酮,N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基-硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基-硝酮,N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基-硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基-硝酮,由氢化牛油脂肪胺衍生而来的N,N-二烷基羟基胺获得的硝酮。
7.硫代增效剂,例如硫代二丙酸二月桂基酯或硫代二丙酸二硬脂基酯。
8.过氧化物清除剂,例如β-硫代二丙酸的酯类,例如月桂基、硬脂基、十四烷基或十三烷基酯类,巯基苯并咪唑或2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌,二(十八烷基)二硫醚,四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸季戊四醇酯。
9.聚酰胺稳定剂,例如铜盐与碘化物和/或磷化合物的混合物,和二价锰的盐。
10.碱性助稳定剂,例如三聚氰胺,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,双氰胺,三烯丙基氰脲酸酯,脲衍生物,肼衍生物,胺类,聚酰胺类,聚氨酯类,高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,例如硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸锌,二十二烷酸镁,硬脂酸镁,蓖麻酸钠和棕榈酸钾,邻苯二酚锑或邻苯二酚锌。
11.成核剂类,例如,无机物质,如滑石,金属氧化物类如二氧化钛或氧化镁,例如碱土金属的磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐;有机化合物如单或多羧酸类和它们的盐类,例如4-叔丁基苯甲酸,己二酸,二苯基乙酸,琥珀酸钠或苯甲酸钠;聚合化合物如离子共聚物(“离聚物”)。尤其优选的是1,3:2,4-双(3’,4’-二甲基苄叉基)山梨糖醇,1,3:2,4-二(对甲基二苄叉基)山梨糖醇,和1,3:2,4-二(苄叉基)山梨糖醇。
12.填料和增强剂,例如碳酸钙,硅酸盐,玻璃纤维,玻璃泡,石棉,滑石,高岭土,云母,硫酸钡,金属氧化物和氢氧化物,炭黑,石墨,木粉和其它天然产物的粉末或纤维,合成纤维。
13.其它添加剂,例如增塑剂,润滑剂,乳化剂,颜料,流变添加剂,催化剂,流动控制剂,荧光增白剂,阻燃剂,抗静电剂和发泡剂。
14.苯并呋喃酮类和二氢吲哚酮类,例如在US-A-4,325,863,US-A-4,338,244,US-A-5,175,312,US-A-5,216,052,US-A-5,252,643,DE-A-4,316,611,DE-A-4,316,622,DE-A-4,316,876;EP-A-0589839或EP-A-0591102中公开的那些,或3-[4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮,5,7-二叔丁基-3-[4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]苯并呋喃-2-酮,3,3′-双[5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-[2-羟基乙氧基]苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮],5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮,3-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮,3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰氧基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮,3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮,3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮。
15.胺氧化物,例如在US专利No.5,844,029和5,880,191中的公开的胺氧化物衍生物;二癸基甲基胺氧化物,三癸基胺氧化物,三(十二烷基)胺氧化物和三(十六烷基)胺氧化物。US专利No.5,844,029和5,880,191公开了饱和烃胺氧化物用于稳定热塑性树脂的用途。它公开了热塑性组合物进一步含有选自酚类抗氧化剂、位阻胺光稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂、有机磷化合物、脂肪酸的碱金属盐和硫代稳定剂中的稳定剂或稳定剂混合物。
该组合物还可以含有其它普通阻燃剂,例如,一种或多种普通有机卤素,有机磷或蜜胺型阻燃剂。例如:
有机卤素阻燃剂例如是:
氯烷基磷酸酯(ANTIBLAZEAB-100,Albright & Wilson;FYROLFR-2,Akzo Nobel),
多溴化二苯醚(DE-60F,Great Lakes Corp.),
十溴二苯醚(DBDPO;SAYTEX102E),
磷酸三[3-溴-2,2-双(溴甲基)丙基]酯(PB 370,FMC Corp.),
双酚A的双(2,3-二溴丙基醚)(PE68),
溴化环氧树脂,
亚乙基-双(四溴邻苯二甲酰亚胺)(SAYTEXBT-93),
双(六氯环戊二烯基)环辛烷(DECLORANE PLUS),
氯化石蜡,
1,2-双(三溴苯氧基)乙烷(FF680),
四溴-双酚A(SATEXRB100),
亚乙基双-(二溴-降冰片烷二羧酰亚胺)(SAYTEXBN-451),
双-(六氯环戊二烯基)环辛烷,
异氰脲酸三-(2,3-二溴丙基)酯,和
亚乙基双-四溴邻苯二甲酰亚胺。
有机磷阻燃剂例如是:
四苯基间苯二酚二亚磷酸酯(FYROLFLEXRDP,Akzo Nobel),
磷酸三苯酯,
聚磷酸铵(APP)或(HOSTAFLAMAP750),
间苯二酚二磷酸酯低聚物(RDP),
膦腈阻燃剂和
乙二胺二磷酸酯(EDAP)。
蜜胺型阻燃剂例如是:
蜜胺氰脲酸酯,MELAPURMC,
蜜胺硼酸酯,
蜜胺磷酸酯,MELAPURP46,
蜜胺多磷酸酯MELAPUR200和
蜜胺焦磷酸酯。
添加剂的具体实例是酚类抗氧化剂(本清单的第1条),其它位阻胺(本清单的2.6条),苯并三唑和/或邻羟基苯基三嗪类的光稳定剂(本清单的2.1和2.8条),亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯(本清单的第4条)和过氧化物破坏化合物(本清单的第5条)。
属于苯并呋喃-2-酮类的添加剂(稳定剂)的其它具体实例例如描述在US-A-4,325,863,US-A-4,338,244或US-A-5,175,312中。
本发明组合物能够另外含有选自s-三嗪类,N,N’-草酰二苯胺类,羟基二苯甲酮类,苯甲酸酯类,和α-氰基丙烯酸酯中的其它UV吸收剂。尤其,该组合物可以另外含有有效稳定量的至少一种其它2-羟基苯基-2H-苯并三唑;其它三芳基-s-三嗪;或位阻胺或它们的混合物。例如,其它组分选自颜料,染料,增塑剂,抗氧化剂,触变剂,流平剂,碱性助稳定剂,其它光稳定剂如UV吸收剂和/或位阻胺,金属钝化剂,金属氧化物,有机磷化合物,羟基胺,以及它们的混合物,尤其是颜料,酚类抗氧化剂,硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸锌,2-(2’-羟苯基)苯并三唑和2-(2-羟苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪类的UV吸收剂,以及位阻胺。
本发明的添加剂和任选的其它组分可以单独或作为彼此的混合物加入到聚合物材料中。如果需要,各组分能够在引入到聚合物中之前例如通过干混,压缩或以熔体方式混合。
适宜的是,本发明的添加剂和可能的如上所述的其它添加剂可以进行干混,然后例如在双螺杆挤出机中在180-220℃下挤出,用或不用氮气氛。这样获得的材料可以根据已知方法进一步加工。所成型的制品的表面没有显示任何光泽损失和任何类型的粗糙度。
此外,本发明涉及赋予有机聚合基材以光稳定性和阻燃性的方法,该方法包括将有效阻燃量的至少一种下式的化合物加入到所述聚合物基材中:
(HA)x-(L)y-(FRM)z。
本发明的添加剂和任选的其它组分通过已知方法如以粉料的形式干混,或以在惰性溶剂、水或油中的溶液、分散体或悬浮液的形式湿混来引入到聚合物中。本发明的添加剂和任选的其它添加剂例如可以在模塑之前或之后引入,或还可以通过将溶解或分散的添加剂或添加剂混合物应用于聚合物材料来引入,用或不用后续蒸发溶剂和/或悬浮/分散剂。它们可以直接加入到加工设备(例如挤出机,密炼机等)中,例如作为干混物或粉料或作为溶液或分散体或悬浮液或熔体。
该引入能够在装有搅拌器的任何可热式容器,例如封闭装置如捏合机、混合机或搅拌容器内进行。该引入例如在挤出机或捏合机内进行。加工是在惰性气氛中或在氧的存在下进行不是重要的。
将添加剂或添加剂干混物加入到聚合物中能够在所有常用混合设备中进行,其中聚合物被熔融和与添加剂混合。适合的设备对本领域的那些技术人员来说是已知的。它们主要是混合机,捏合机和挤出机。
该方法例如在挤出机中通过在加工过程中引入添加剂来进行。
适合的加工设备的具体实例是单螺杆挤出机,反转和正转双螺杆挤出机,行星齿轮挤出机,环形挤出机或共捏合机。还可以使用配备能够施加真空的至少一个脱气室的加工设备。
适合的挤出机和捏合机例如描述在Handbuch derKunststoffextrusion,Vol.1 Grundlagen,Editors F.Hensen,W.Knappe,H.Potente,1989,3-7页,ISBN:3-446-14339-4(Vol.2 Extrusionanlagen1986,ISBN 3-446-14329-7)中。
例如,螺杆长度是1-60倍螺杆直径,例如35-48倍螺杆直径。螺杆的旋转速度例如是10-600转/分钟(rpm),例如25-300rpm。
最大通过量取决于螺杆直径,旋转速度和驱动力。本发明的方法还能够通过改变所述参数或使用输送配料量的称量机而在低于最大通过量的水平下进行。
如果添加多种组分,它们能够进行预混或单独添加。
本发明的添加剂和任选的其它添加剂还能够喷雾到聚合物材料上。它们能够稀释其它添加剂(例如上述普通添加剂)或它们的熔体,使得它们也能够与这些添加剂一起喷雾到材料中。在聚合催化剂的钝化过程中通过喷雾添加的方法是特别有利的;在这种情况下,放出的蒸汽可以用于钝化催化剂。在球形聚合聚烯烃的情况下,例如有利地是,本发明的添加剂任选与其它添加剂一起通过喷雾来施加。
本发明的添加剂和任选的其它添加剂还能够以在聚合物中含有例如大约1到大约40wt%,例如大约2到大约20wt%的浓度的组分的母料(“浓缩物”)的形式加入到聚合物中。该聚合物不必具有与其中最后加入添加剂的聚合物相同的结构。在这种操作中,该聚合物能够以粉料、颗粒、溶液、悬浮液的形式或以胶乳的形式使用。
引入能够在成型操作之前或期间进行。含有这里所述的本发明的添加剂的材料例如用于生产模塑制品,例如旋转成型制品,注塑制品,型材等。因此,通过引入至少一种下式的化合物来提供阻燃性的模塑聚合物制品是本发明的另一目的:
(HA)x-(L)y-(FRM)z。
还可以设想,如在2001年8月15日提出的U.S.申请60/312,517中公开的那样,将作为其它阻燃剂的PTFE,聚四氟乙烯(例如Teflon6C;E.I.Du Pont)加入到本组合物中。
有效阻燃量的组分B是显示如通过用于评价阻燃性的标准方法之一测定的阻燃效力所需的量。它们包括Fire Tests for Flame-ResistantTextiles and Films的NFPA 701标准方法,1989和1996版;the UL 94Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices andAppliances,第5版,1996年10月29日;限氧指数(LOI),ASTM D-2863;和Cone Calorimetry,ASTM E-1354。根据the UL 94V试验的评级按照下表来进行:
评级 | 余焰时间 | 燃烧液滴 | 燃烧至夹具 |
V-0 | <10s | 无 | 无 |
V-1 | <30s | 无 | 无 |
V-2 | <30s | 有 | 无 |
失败 | <30s | 有 | |
失败 | >30s | 无 |
发现与本发明化合物在阻燃剂组合物中一起使用特别有效的辅助添加剂如下所示:
UV吸收剂:
2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,(TINUVIN234,Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.);
2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,(TINUVINP,CibaSpecialty Chemicals Corp.);
5-氯-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,(TINUVIN327,Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.);
2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-叔戊基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,(TINUVIN328,Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.);
2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,(TINUVIN928,Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.);
3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯,(TINUVIN234,Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.);
2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮,(CHIMASSORSB81,CibaSpecialty Chemicals Corp.);
2,4-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-s-三嗪,(CYASORB1164,Cytec)。
以下实施例仅用于举例说明的目的,决不构成对本发明的范围的限制。所给出的室温表示20-25℃的温度。百分率按聚合物基材的重量计,除非另有规定。
试验方法
Fire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textiles and Films的NFPA 701标准方法,1989和1996版;
UL 94 Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts inDevices and Appliances,第5版,1996年10月29日;
限氧指数(LOI),ASTM D-2863;
Cone Calorimetry,ASTM E-1或ASTM E-1354;
ASTM D2633-82,燃烧试验。
化合物制备实施例
实施例P1化合物126的制备
在氮气流下,将25g 4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-环己基氧(0.098mol),40mL三乙胺(0.29mol)和0.5g二甲基氨基吡啶在80mL二氯甲烷中的混合物冷却到0℃。经30分钟滴加23mL氯磷酸二苯酯(0.11mol)的溶液。将该混合物升至室温,再搅拌17小时。将混合物浓缩;添加乙酸乙酯的10%庚烷溶液和1N HCl溶液。分离含水层,再用乙酸乙酯的10%庚烷溶液萃取。有机层用1N HCl,水,饱和NaHCO3溶液洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,再浓缩。该油通过柱层析法使用庚烷和乙酸乙酯溶剂上硅胶进行提纯,从而获得了41.5g的浅黄色油(87%收率)。1H NMRδ7.38-7.29(m),7.26-7.15(m),4.85-4.72(m),3.62-3.51(m),2.06-1.87(m),1.78-1.63(m),1.56-1.48(m),1.28-1.10(m),1.17(s),1.14(s)。31P NMRδ-11.89。
实施例P2 化合物012的制备
化合物012
将24.2g四溴邻苯二甲酸酐(0.062mol)在75mL乙酸和180mL甲苯中的混合物加热到回流,再添加16g 1-(环己基氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶胺(参看U.S.专利No.5,204,473)在甲苯(40mL)中的溶液。将迪安-斯达克分水器连接于反应烧瓶。将混合物回流11.5小时。让反应冷却,在真空中脱除溶剂。残留物在乙酸和甲苯中再结晶,获得了36.3g白色固体(82%收率)。1H NMRδ4.59(tt),3.63(m),2.51(t),2.14-1.06(m)。13C NMRδ163.8,137.4,130.3,121.2,81.9,60.0,44.9,41.8,34.3,25.9,25.0,20.4。
实施例P3 化合物137的制备
在氮气下,将5g 4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧基苯甲酸酯(0.018mol),9.9mL亚硝酸叔丁酯(0.083mol),和1.8mg氟化铜(II)(0.018mmol,0.1mol%)在180mL吡啶中的混合物加热到65-70℃。经45分钟缓慢添加13.6g 2,4-二溴苯胺(0.054mol)在20mL吡啶中的溶液。将该混合物在70℃下搅拌另外15分钟,再于室温下搅拌另外3天。在真空中脱除溶剂;残留物通过柱层析法使用庚烷和乙酸乙酯溶剂上硅胶进行提纯,随后在二乙醚和庚烷中再结晶,获得了5g白色晶体(55%收率)。1H NMRδ8.04(d),7.60(d),7.58(t),7.46(t),7.45(d),7.31(dd),5.40(tt),2.14(d),1.87(t),1.47(s),1.07(s)。
实施例P4 化合物040的制备
化合物040
在氮气下,将3,9-二氯-2,4,8,10-四氧代-3,9-二磷杂螺[5.5]十一烷(参看U.S.专利No.4,070,336)(35g,0.13mmol)和三乙胺(56mL,0.40mol)在甲苯(200mL)中的溶液冷却到0℃。滴加4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧(60.2g,0.24mol)在甲苯(200mL)中的溶液。将混合物在室温下搅拌18小时,再蒸发溶剂。将残留物溶解在水和CH2Cl2中。分离含水层,再用CH2Cl2萃取几次。有机层用MgSO4干燥,再浓缩,以及残留物用庚烷再结晶,获得了64.0g白色固体(78%收率)。向该产物添加350mL甲苯,以及痕量的剩余的酸使用浓氢氧化铵中和。该混合物在氮气下冷却到0℃。将叔丁基过氧化氢在水(28mL,0.20mol)中的70%溶液萃取到庚烷中;庚烷用MgSO4干燥,过滤,再滴加到甲苯混合物中。混合物在室温下搅拌18小时;产物通过过滤分离,获得了56.9g(84%收率)。1H NMRδ4.74(m),4.64(ddd),4.30(dd),4.00-4.70(m),3.59(m),2.00(b),1.70(b),1.00-2.10(m)。31P NMRδ-7.86。
应用实施例
实施例A1
将纤维级聚丙烯与下表的添加剂干混。各添加剂基于聚丙烯的重量是1wt%。将各聚丙烯配制料在双螺杆挤出机中配合,纤维使用Hills纤维挤出机挤出。配合在425°F下进行。纤维挤出在475°F和525°F下进行。由该纤维编织袜子,并使用NFPA 701试验评价阻燃效力。
纤维挤出温度(°F) | 液滴燃烧时间(秒) | |
空白 | 475 | >100 |
空白 | 525 | >100 |
1%化合物040 | 475 | 2.31 |
1%化合物137 | 525 | 12.79 |
1%化合物126 | 475 | 0.6 |
液滴燃烧时间越短,配制料阻燃性越好。可以看出,本发明的化合物为聚丙烯纤维提供了显著的阻燃性。
Claims (17)
1、下式的化合物:
(HA)x-(L)y-(FRM)z
其中
HA彼此独立是位阻硝酰基,位阻羟基胺或位阻烃氧基胺结构部分,
L彼此独立是直接键或化学连接基团,
FRM彼此独立是有机卤素或有机磷阻燃结构部分,和
x,y和z彼此独立大于或等于1。
2、根据权利要求1的化合物,该化合物用式I、II或II来表示:
其中
R是氢或甲基,
G1和G2独立是1-4个碳原子的烷基,或一起是五亚甲基,
x,y和z彼此独立大于或等于1,
L彼此独立是直接键或二价亚烃基或多价聚合基团,
Z1和Z2独立是氢或烃基,或一起形成亚烃基,或独立是-OR1,-OCOR1,-COOR1,-CONR1R2,-NR1COR2,-COR1或-NR1R2,
R1和R2彼此独立是氢或烃基,或R1和R2一起形成亚烃基,
E是氧基,羟基,烷氧基,环烷氧基,芳烷氧基,芳氧基,-O-CO-OG,-O-Si(G)3,或-O-CH2-OG,其中G选自氢,脂族、芳脂族和芳族结构部分;或E是-O-T-(OH)b,
T是1-18个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基,5-18个碳原子的亚环烷基,5-18个碳原子的亚环链烯基,被苯基取代或被1-4个碳原子的烷基取代的苯基取代的1-4个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基,
b是1,2或3,前提是b不能超过T中的碳原子数,当b是2或3时,各羟基连接于T的不同碳原子,和
FRM彼此独立是有机卤素或有机磷阻燃结构部分。
3、根据权利要求2的化合物,其中E是氧基,羟基,C1-C24烷氧基,C5-C7环烷氧基,或C7-C9芳烷氧基;
L是直接键,由C1-C24烷基,C2-C24链烯基,苯基,萘基,联苯基,C7-C9烷芳基衍生而来的二价基团,或多价聚合基团;和
阻燃结构部分FRM选自被1-37个溴或氯原子取代的1-18个碳原子的烷基,被1-23个溴或氯原子取代的5-12个碳原子的环烷基,被1-5个溴或氯原子取代的7-15个碳原子的芳烷基,或被5-9个溴或氯原子取代的6-12个碳原子的芳基。
或
其中T1和T2独立是C1-C24烷基,苯基,萘基,联苯基,C1-C24烷氧基,C7-C9芳烷氧基或二(C1-C18烷基)氨基;或被1-8个卤素原子取代的所述烷基,芳基,烷氧基,芳烷氧基或二烷基氨基;
或FRM是
或
其中X是氯或溴原子;
其中开放键之一可以键接于如以上所定义的T1,
其中开放键之一可以键接于如以上所定义的T1,
其中1-3个开放键可以键接于如以上所定义的T1,
其中1-3个开放键可以键接于如以上所定义的T1,
其中1-3个开放键可以键接于如以上所定义的T1,
其中开放键之一可以键接于烷基或芳基;或被1-8个卤素原子取代的所述烷基或芳基,
其中开放键之一可以键接于烷基或芳基;或被1-8个卤素原子取代的所述烷基或芳基,
其中X是氯或溴;和其中开放键之一可以键接于如以上定义的T1,
或
-(磷腈阻燃剂)。
6、阻燃组合物,包括:
(A)有机聚合物基材和
(B)有效阻燃量的至少一种权利要求1的化合物。
7、根据权利要求6的组合物,不含锑化合物或基于聚合物组分(A)的重量以少于1wt%的量含有锑化合物。
8、根据权利要求6的组合物,不含阻燃填料或基于聚合物组分(A)的重量以少于3wt%的量含有阻燃填料。
9、根据权利要求6的组合物,其中聚合物组分(A)是热塑性聚合物。
10、根据权利要求6的组合物,其中组分(B)的化合物的分子量为170-10000g/mol。
11、根据权利要求6的组合物,其中组分(B)的化合物基于聚合物基材(A)的重量以大约0.1到大约10wt%的量存在。
12、根据权利要求6的组合物,它包括作为其它组分的选自有机芳族卤化物;有机环脂族或多环脂族卤化物;和有机脂族卤化物中的卤化阻燃剂,尤其:
氯烷基磷酸酯,
多溴化二苯醚,
十溴二苯醚,
磷酸三[3-溴-2,2-双(溴甲基)丙基]酯,
双酚A的双(2,3-二溴丙基醚,
溴化环氧树脂,
亚乙基-双(四溴邻苯二甲酰亚胺),
双(六氯环戊二烯基)环辛烷,
氯化石蜡,
1,2-双(三溴苯氧基)乙烷,
四溴-双酚A,
亚乙基双(二溴-降冰片烷二羧酰亚胺),
双(六氯环戊二烯基)环辛烷,
三-(2,3-二溴丙基)-异氰脲酸酯,和
亚乙基-双-四溴邻苯二甲酰亚胺。
13、根据权利要求12的组合物,其中卤化阻燃剂组分基于聚合物基材(A)的重量为大约0.5到大约40wt%。
14、根据权利要求6的组合物,包括选自颜料,染料,增塑剂,酚类抗氧化剂,触变剂,流平剂,碱性助稳定剂,硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸锌,硝酮稳定剂,胺氧化物稳定剂,苯并呋喃酮稳定剂,UV吸收剂如2-(2’-羟苯基)苯并三唑和2-(2-羟苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪类,位阻胺,金属钝化剂,金属氧化物,有机磷化合物如亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯稳定剂,羟基胺类,非卤化阻燃剂,以及它们的混合物中的其它组分。
15、赋予有机聚合物基材以光稳定性和阻燃性的方法,该方法包括将有效阻燃量的至少一种根据权利要求1的化合物加入到所述聚合物基材中。
16、包括至少一种根据权利要求1的化合物的模塑聚合物制品。
17、根据权利要求1的化合物用于赋予有机聚合物基材以光稳定性和阻燃性的用途。
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- 2002-12-12 DE DE60233349T patent/DE60233349D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US10323136B2 (en) | 2014-06-12 | 2019-06-18 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Use of hydroxybenzotriazole derivatives and/or hydroxy indazole derivatives as flame retardants for plastics and flameproof plastic moulded bodies |
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TW200302247A (en) | 2003-08-01 |
CA2467119A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
WO2003054073A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
KR101029863B1 (ko) | 2011-04-18 |
AU2002358127A1 (en) | 2003-07-09 |
TWI317368B (en) | 2009-11-21 |
DE60233349D1 (de) | 2009-09-24 |
US20030191213A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
CN1302060C (zh) | 2007-02-28 |
ATE439401T1 (de) | 2009-08-15 |
JP2005513229A (ja) | 2005-05-12 |
KR20040071718A (ko) | 2004-08-12 |
EP1461384B1 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
US7531664B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 |
CA2467119C (en) | 2012-02-07 |
US6967252B2 (en) | 2005-11-22 |
US20060135659A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
JP4243761B2 (ja) | 2009-03-25 |
EP1461384A1 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
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