CN1595103A - Ultramicroscopic penetrometer - Google Patents
Ultramicroscopic penetrometer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1595103A CN1595103A CN200410041127.4A CN200410041127A CN1595103A CN 1595103 A CN1595103 A CN 1595103A CN 200410041127 A CN200410041127 A CN 200410041127A CN 1595103 A CN1595103 A CN 1595103A
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- probe
- penetrometer
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102100021913 Sperm-associated antigen 8 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710098579 Sperm-associated antigen 8 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
It is an ultra-micro penetrometer which comprises load sensor, displacement sensor, probe, soil specimen box, tray, horizontal position bench, control box and data collection device. It is characterized by the following: the probe is connected with the load sensor; the test specimen box is located at the bottom of the probe; the test specimen box is located on the horizontal tray; there is an electric control continuous change motor on the bottom of the tray; it pushes the upper position structure uniform speed climb and descend through a vertical screw bar. The displacement sensor on the vertical bar fixed of the right side of the device can measure the soil specimen box forward and backward displacement. The ultra-micro penetrometer in this invention can measure the intensity of distribution of polymerization body from micro point.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for the super mini-penetrometer that soil mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering field are measured the character of soil.Be used to study the engineering properties of various types of soil such as unsaturated soil.
Background technology
In soil mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering practice, the soil body often is regarded as isotropic body or desirable anisotropic body.Yet in recent years in the soil body, thin, microexamination result shows: cohesive soil is made up of the aggregates of different sizes, and big aggregate comprises little aggregate, and little aggregate comprises littler aggregate.Because the arrangement and the distribution of aggregate is uneven in the soil, therefore be distributed in the aggregate and between pore shape, size, distribution also be uneven, say that from this some the character of cohesive soil is inhomogeneous and anisotropic in essence.Therefore, the engineering properties of GPRS and improvement cohesive soil, especially unsaturated soil just seems most important to the research of aggregate in the soil.
The shape of aggregate, size, inner structure and intensity have determined the mechanical property and the engineering properties of unsaturated soil to a certain extent
[2], and the research of this respect is usually ignored by Geotechnical Engineering circle.Since in the soil aggregate in, size on thin, the microcosmic is less, the research of therefore crossing decorrelation is mainly analyzed (referring to Wang Qing patterns such as the shape of aggregate, size, spatial disposition by various Observations Means, Wang Jianping. the fractal geometry research of soil pores. the Geotechnical Engineering journal, 2000,22 (4): 46-93; Shi Bin, Li Shenglin. the quantitative examination of cohesive soil micromechanism SEM image. Chinese science (A collects), 1995,25 (6): 666-672), and less group structure and intensity in the aggregate are conducted a research.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: a kind of super mini-penetrometer of analyzing aggregate intensity distributions in the soil is provided.Be specifically designed to aggregate in the soil in, be size research hour on thin, the microcosmic, improve the deficiency (past main shape characteristics such as the shape of aggregate, size, spatial disposition are analyzed) of correlative study in the past by various Observations Means.
Super mini-penetrometer is mainly by load transducer; Formations such as displacement transducer, probe, soil sample box, pallet, horizontal location platform, control box, data collecting instrument.Probe links to each other with load transducer, and sample box places on the level tray and is positioned at the probe below, and an electric controlling stepless variable speed motor is arranged in the control box under the pallet, and it at the uniform velocity rises and descend by the horizontal location mechanism above the vertical screw rod control.Being fixed on displacement transducer in the vertical vertical rod in instrument right side, can to measure the relative displacement that the soil sample box moves forward and backward be that probe thrusts the degree of depth in the soil sample.
The horizontal location mechanism that moves back and forth that the pallet below is made up of dovetail groove can be by the thrust some position of the accurate position probe of the mode of manual adjustments at the soil sample upper surface.
Soil sample is advanced because instrument when work probe keeps motionless, and this thrusts in the soil sample with constant speed with regard to being equivalent to probe.Probe thrusts and withdraws from the Resistance Value of process and thrust the degree of depth and drawn by load and displacement sensor respectively, and the survey data are input as the special data collecting instrument that is equipped with of instrument, after this import computer and preserved so that carry out the aftertreatment of data by data line.The speed that the present invention can control probe when thrusting soil sample, thrust the degree of depth.
According to the action and reaction principle of power, when the probe of a rigidity at the uniform velocity vertically thrusts an object, get rid of probe periphery friction force factor, then object is hard more, and the end resistance that probe is subjected to is just big more, and vice versa.Therefore obviously, if the probe that we adopt has enough big rigidity and suitable little diameter, utilize probe to soil sample thrust and withdraw from process, just can obtain probe and thrust the end resistance at degree of depth place, and then just can know the intensity distributions situation of the inner aggregate of soil sample in difference.Based on this principle, because the kind difference of sample soil, even may there be very big difference in its internal intensity distribution situation of the soil of the same race of different moisture content, and super mini-penetrometer can be equipped with the probe of a series of different-diameters of 0.3-1.0mm, can be selected for use according to the soft or hard situation of soil sample to be analyzed.Owing to used infinite variable speed motor, the probe feed rate of penetrometer can be set in a certain steady state value between the 1-5mm/min.Because the maximum rated load of load transducer is 100N, so the hardness of institute's test sample product can not be higher than this ratings.
The course of work of the present invention is: the grid of at first arranging a determining deviation at the soil sample upper surface, thrusting of probe a little accurately must be adjusted on each grid node in the test, the number that starts on the computer is adopted the instrument Control Software, configures the sampling starting condition, hotwire makes probe thrust soil sample then.After after a while, close motor, stop the process of thrusting, the screw motion direction is changed be made as backhaul, continue sampling process, withdraw from from soil sample until probe, stop motor, preserve the data of being gathered.
Characteristics of the present invention are:
Super mini-penetrometer can be used for the intensity research of the inner aggregate of engineering soil material.According to kind, state and the test objective of the soil sample of analyzing in the test, super mini-penetrometer can be selected different injection parameters, as thrusting speed and several sampling periods of adopting instrument etc. of probe diameter, probe.Penetrometer has satisfied the analysis requirement of particle diameter greater than the aggregate intensity of 0.5cm substantially.
Can obtain thrusting end resistance and thrusting the relation curve of the degree of depth and the intensity distributions isogram of aggregate in arbitrary selected longitudinal profile or the transverse section in the soil sample on three dimensions of probe by penetration test.Penetration test shows, many materials that seem homogeneous, and its inside is comprising abundant immanent structure.We can be from the angle of energetics, in middle sight and the thin structural and unevenness of estimating soil material on the level of seeing to utilize super mini-penetrometer.
Super mini-penetrometer can also carry out test analysis to the intensity distributions of aggregate inside in the soil body, and this is for understanding soil improvement mechanism and effect, soil water branch move, disperse and migration and the soil sample failure mechanism etc. of pollutant in soil provide a new strong instrument.
Characteristics of the present invention: why be called " super mini-penetrometer " and use " miniature penetrometer " in the present engineering in order to be different from, because this invention is the aggregate intensity distributions situation from the angle detection inside soil body of microcosmic, the miniature penetrometer that uses in the engineering then is a macromechanics index of measuring the soil body usually.
Description of drawings
The mechanical composition part of Fig. 1 .SMP-1 super mini-penetrometer
Fig. 2 has shown form a team aggressiveness intensity distributions isogram of one on the inner different depth of the dough plane,
1. crossbeams among the figure; 2. load transducer; 3. fixedly vertical rod; 4. displacement transducer; 5. probe; 6. soil sample box; 7. pallet; 8. horizontal location platform; 9. control box; 10. control panel;
Fig. 2 has shown the aggressiveness intensity distributions isogram of forming a team of one on the inner different depth of the dough plane, and three width of cloth figure The selected flat are 1mm in the axial spacing of z.From these isograms, can be clear that abundant more thin portion structure is arranged in fact in the dough inside that seems to be homogeneous.For example, get [5 ,+5] mm at the x coordinate, the y coordinate is got in the rectangular area of [0,10] mm, has a soft nuclear district.
Embodiment
The composition of this instrument as shown in Figure 1.By a special clamper, probe is linked to each other with load transducer, on the crossbeam that the latter is fixed in the above, crossbeam is fixed on again on the hard up-and-down rod.The test soil sample is put into instrument middle part and is fixed on soil sample box cylindraceous on the level tray, and the pallet below moves back and forth horizontal location mechanism by what dovetail groove was formed, can be by the thrust some position of the accurate position probe of the mode of manual adjustments at the soil sample upper surface.An electric controlling stepless variable speed motor is housed in the control box below instrument, and the horizontal location mechanism above it promotes by a vertical screw rod at the uniform velocity rises and descends.The displacement transducer that is fixed in the vertical vertical rod in instrument right side can be measured the displacement that the soil sample box moves forward and backward.Soil sample is advanced because instrument when work probe keeps motionless, and this thrusts in the soil sample with constant speed with regard to being equivalent to probe.Probe thrusts thrusting resistance and thrusting depth value and drawn by load and displacement sensor of process, and surveys data are input as the data collecting instrument of the special outfit of instrument, is after this preserved so that carry out the aftertreatment of data by data line importing computer.
Because the kind difference of soil, even may there be very big difference in its internal intensity distribution situation of the soil of the same race of different moisture content, SMP-1 type super mini-penetrometer has been equipped with the probe of a series of different-diameters of 0.3-1.0mm, can be selected for use according to the soft or hard situation that need are analyzed soil sample.Owing to used the electrodeless variable-speed motor, the probe feed rate of penetrometer can be set in a certain steady state value between the 1-5mm/min.Because the maximum rated load of load transducer is 100N, so the hardness of institute's test sample product can not be higher than this ratings.
The typical model of load transducer: TCLZ-100NA;
The typical model of displacement transducer: SDP-50C;
The selected flat is 1mm in the axial spacing of z among Fig. 2.From these isograms, can be clear that abundant more thin portion structure is arranged in fact in the dough inside that seems to be homogeneous.For example, get [5 ,+5] mm at the x coordinate, the y coordinate is got in the rectangular area of [0,10] mm, has a soft nuclear district.
Although so abundant thin portion structure is arranged in the dough, we still can be considered as it relative homogeneous and isotropic body, because the difference on these intensity is very little to the macromechanics property effect of whole dough, can ignore.But, above analysis of experiments arranged, and we have had the judging standard of quantification on the intensity to this " homogeneous " body, and that is exactly the aggregate that has the varying strength size in the dough, its strength difference is no more than 0.1-0.2N, and this has just had the different of matter with in the past perceptual knowledge.
Claims (5)
1, super mini-penetrometer, comprise formations such as load transducer, displacement transducer, probe, soil sample box, pallet, horizontal location platform, control box, data collecting instrument, it is characterized in that probe links to each other with load transducer, the specimen box places the probe bottom, the specimen box is located on the level tray, there is an electric controlling stepless variable speed motor pallet below, and the horizontal location mechanism above it promotes by a vertical screw rod at the uniform velocity rises and descends.The displacement transducer that is fixed in the vertical vertical rod in instrument right side can be measured the displacement that the soil sample box moves forward and backward.
2, super mini-penetrometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that pallet below moves back and forth horizontal location mechanism by what dovetail groove was formed, and then is fixed on the vertical screw rod.
3, super mini-penetrometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that probe links to each other with load transducer, and on the crossbeam that is fixed in the above, crossbeam is fixed on again on the hard up-and-down rod.
4, super mini-penetrometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that the displacement transducer that is fixed in the vertical vertical rod of instrument can measure the displacement that the soil sample box moves forward and backward.
5, super mini-penetrometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that the horizontal location platform is provided with orthogonal both direction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100411274A CN100362334C (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2004-06-30 | Ultramicroscopic penetrometer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100411274A CN100362334C (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2004-06-30 | Ultramicroscopic penetrometer |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1595103A true CN1595103A (en) | 2005-03-16 |
| CN100362334C CN100362334C (en) | 2008-01-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB2004100411274A Expired - Fee Related CN100362334C (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2004-06-30 | Ultramicroscopic penetrometer |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103439221A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-12-11 | 长安大学 | Asphalt penetrometer having standard needle with controllable dropping height |
| CN103926148A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-16 | 太原理工大学 | Static pressure masonry mortar penetrometer |
| CN105510163A (en) * | 2016-01-24 | 2016-04-20 | 吉林大学 | Soil penetration resistance measuring device |
| CN107271272A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-10-20 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of pan soil intensity and the probe test apparatus and method of structured testing |
| CN108680430A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-10-19 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of tail residues centrifugal model seepage flow with consolidation control system and test method |
| CN109914376A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-06-21 | 深圳市勘察测绘院(集团)有限公司 | Standard penetration test (SPT) automatic record method |
| CN110132773A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-16 | 东南大学 | A kind of miniature penetrometer of snow for detecting snow deposit characteristic and its operating method |
| CN110702879A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-01-17 | 成都理工大学 | Device and method for measuring disturbance range of soil body after sampling |
| CN110987829A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 南京大学 | Method and device for jointly measuring clay boundary water content by fixing probe based on optical fiber sensing |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1313753A (en) * | 1969-04-10 | 1973-04-18 | English Clays Lovering Pochin | Particle size analysis |
| US6062090A (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 2000-05-16 | Transportation Technology Center, Inc. | Apparatus and method for determining the strength and type of soil |
| GB9804799D0 (en) * | 1998-03-07 | 1998-04-29 | Univ Coventry | Nanotribological probe microscope |
-
2004
- 2004-06-30 CN CNB2004100411274A patent/CN100362334C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103439221A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-12-11 | 长安大学 | Asphalt penetrometer having standard needle with controllable dropping height |
| CN103926148A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-16 | 太原理工大学 | Static pressure masonry mortar penetrometer |
| CN103926148B (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2016-03-30 | 太原理工大学 | Masonry mortar static pressure penetrometer |
| CN105510163A (en) * | 2016-01-24 | 2016-04-20 | 吉林大学 | Soil penetration resistance measuring device |
| CN105510163B (en) * | 2016-01-24 | 2018-03-27 | 吉林大学 | A kind of soil penetration resistance measurement apparatus |
| CN107271272B (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2019-08-09 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of probe test device and method of pan soil intensity and structured testing |
| CN107271272A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-10-20 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of pan soil intensity and the probe test apparatus and method of structured testing |
| CN108680430A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-10-19 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of tail residues centrifugal model seepage flow with consolidation control system and test method |
| CN108680430B (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2020-11-24 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Tailing centrifugal model consolidation seepage control system and testing method |
| CN109914376A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-06-21 | 深圳市勘察测绘院(集团)有限公司 | Standard penetration test (SPT) automatic record method |
| CN110132773A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-16 | 东南大学 | A kind of miniature penetrometer of snow for detecting snow deposit characteristic and its operating method |
| CN110702879A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-01-17 | 成都理工大学 | Device and method for measuring disturbance range of soil body after sampling |
| CN110987829A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 南京大学 | Method and device for jointly measuring clay boundary water content by fixing probe based on optical fiber sensing |
| CN110987829B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-01-18 | 南京大学 | Optical fiber sensing-based method for measuring water content of clay boundary with fixed probe |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100362334C (en) | 2008-01-16 |
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