CN101349624A - Multifunctional integrated tester of road surface and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic - Google Patents
Multifunctional integrated tester of road surface and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN101349624A CN101349624A CNA200810020817XA CN200810020817A CN101349624A CN 101349624 A CN101349624 A CN 101349624A CN A200810020817X A CNA200810020817X A CN A200810020817XA CN 200810020817 A CN200810020817 A CN 200810020817A CN 101349624 A CN101349624 A CN 101349624A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional comprehensive tester for testing mechanical characteristics of deformation of pavements and decks, which belongs to the test equipment of mechanical properties. The multifunctional comprehensive tester mainly comprises a supporting stand, a controllable temperature area, a vertical loading system, a vertical load boundary balancing system, a mechanical crank connecting rod circulatory loading system, a loading displacement sensor and an integrated control display system. The time variations of loading and deforming are recorded after the test begins. The multifunctional comprehensive tester can partially load indentation tests and partially load creep tests, and can do partial cyclic loading test through utilizing the vehicle load which is generated by the mechanical crank connecting rod circulatory loading system and is simulated and repeatedly acted by harmonic load. The multifunctional comprehensive tester can finish multinomial system tests without changing a cramping apparatus, can fully obtain the relative dynamic-static mechanical properties of pavements and decks, anti deformation capacity index and important parameter C, phi of anti-shearing property of material, and can solve the problem that a deformation stability integrated test and comprehensive evaluation can not be done on engineering sites.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to road surface and bridge floor mechanical characteristic equipment, be used for reproduction and observation road surface and bridge floor deformation stability, quiet dynamic response, be a kind ofly comprise that local loading is pressed into, multifunctional integrated tester that local loading creep, local circulation load the dynamic response test event, and can realize the deformation mechanics characteristic comprehensive detection and the evaluation of engineering site based on test experience and mechanical analysis principle.
Background technology:
At present, the main method of pavement of road and the experimental study of bridge floor surface layer deformation mechanics characteristic has both at home and abroad: marshall's method, triaxial (test) method, creep testing, wheel tracking test method and shear test method etc.The index that many countries such as the U.S., Japan and China estimate high-temperature stability is the degree of stability and the flow valuve of marshall's method, and the dynamic stability of wheel tracking test.
Marshall Test is pure empirical approach, Bruce Marshell by Mississippi state highway department invented in nineteen forty-six the earliest, and formally in 1949 be the AUS employing, require test specimen under 60 ℃ of conditions, to test, and the effective complete procedure of simulated roadway or bridge floor pressurized shear failure.
Wheel tracking test adopts the to-and-fro movement of rubber tire to simulate the effect of traffic load, has certain emulation, so, in road engineering, be widely used.But because rut test piece rolling forming method, each is organized, and the repdocutbility of test specimen is relatively poor, and rubber tire back and forth rolls on the out-of-flatness test specimen in addition, will cause very big error when carrying out the vertical deformation test, and therefore, the discreteness of wheel tracking test is bigger.In addition, dynamic stability is an indirect index, does not have strict corresponding relationship between dynamic stability and the wheel tracking test total deformation.
As everyone knows, asphalt is a kind of typical viscoelastic materials.The distortion of compound is difference with the length of the action time of load, thereby the residing time is out of shape in mandatory declaration when its deformation properties of research; On the other hand, the distortion of asphalt changes with variation of temperature, and its elastic effect reduces during high temperature, and adhesion properties strengthens; Rigidity increases during low temperature, and elastic effect is obvious, and adhesion properties weakens, so estimate its residing condition of mechanical property mandatory declaration of asphalt.Creep test can be simulated the overall process of asphalt generation creep rupture, check the viscoelastic property of asphalt by the stress of determination test process medium pitch compound, the creep curve that strain obtains, and then analyze the high-temperature stability of asphalt.Fluid pressure type that the load mode of existing creep test generally adopts or vapour-pressure type, testing equipment is bigger, and cost is higher; The creep test instrument is relatively poor to the control ability of load, and has only a test specimen (not having parallel test specimen) at every turn, resulting result variability is very big, be unfavorable for estimating the deformation mechanics characteristic of road surface and bridge floor, and at present the creep test instrument applies evenly load to whole test specimen, differs bigger with the situation of the local stand under load of actual road surface or bridge floor.
Soil test boxshear apparatus principle is used in the mixture shearing test usually, perhaps applies mechanically at the bonding interface performance test apparatus between the two layers of material, and the applicability of road pavement and bridge floor compound has much room for improvement.
Triaxial test is mainly used in test under the confined pressure state, the axial deformation situation of asphalt, conventional at present triaxial tester does not have attemperator, and be only required in usually under room temperature (normal temperature) condition and test, therefore, the axial deformation characteristic test of asphalt under condition of different temperatures remains further research, and triaxial tester applies evenly load to whole test specimen too at present, differs bigger with the situation of the local stand under load of actual road surface or bridge floor.
In addition, the large-scale material test system of developed countries such as America and Europe exploitation is a subjects with three-point bending or four-point bending girder test specimen mainly, the fatigue properties of material under the research circulation dynamic load.These equipment price costlinesses, energy resource consumption is huge, is not suitable for site test.
Yet road surface and bridge floor material behavior are comparatively complicated, can not rely on above a certain test to determine its deformation rule by instrument, therefore need simulate the integration test evaluation method and the equipment of actual state as far as possible based on test experience and mechanical analysis principle.
The pavement of road deformation stability checkout equipment that is used for engineering site that does not a few days ago have system both at home and abroad, and blank especially in bridge floor surface layer field.
In sum, the research and development temperature conditions is controlled, equipment is simple, energy consumption is less, can simulate the effect of driving circulation dynamic load, and the multifunctional tester that can also be applied to the engineering site detection has bright development prospect on road surface and bridge floor field, not only can save device fabrication and use cost, and the requirement that conforms that can cut down the consumption of energy, can also be applied to theoretical research and engineering site simultaneously and detect, for actual Engineering Quality Control provides safeguard.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide the multifunctional integrated tester of a kind of road surface and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic, the important parameter of relevant dynamic and static mechanics characteristic, non-deformability index and the material shear behavior of acquisition road surface that can be complete and bridge floor, and solve the problem that present engineering site can't carry out deformation stability integration test and comprehensive evaluation.Described multifunctional tester comprises support, adjustable temperature territory, vertical loading system, vertical load border balanced system, mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system, load-displacement sensor, Comprehensive Control display system.It is characterized in that:
1, this equipment can provide following function 1. based on the road surface under the effect of the actual driving of simulation dynamic loads or the force-bearing situation of bridge floor, obtains the accumulative total axle and carries the rule of development and the dynamic modulus of number of times and vertical deformation | E
*|.2. adopt the local static creep stiffness δ mix that creep test obtains road surface or bridge floor material that loads, be at the ratio of giving fixed temperature and static load stress and strain under the time, its value is big more, and the high-temperature stability of material is good more.3. adopt more effectively simulated field load situation of local method of press-fitting, and only by local indentation test repeatedly just can obtain road surface or bridge floor material shear behavior important parameter C,
System of equations, and then can in the hope of C,
For the mechanical simulation analysis provides effective parameter value.In conjunction with above multinomial integration test result, and further utilize the mechanics parameter that obtains to carry out the theoretical modeling analysis, just can be based on test experience and mechanical analysis principle, the deformation mechanics characteristic of analysis-by-synthesis and evaluation road surface or bridge floor.
2, equipment possesses the ability of carrying out multinomial test event, according to different research, application purpose, both can select the individual event test, also can carry out the deformation mechanics characteristic of integration test, systematic analysis road surface or bridge floor.
3, adopt crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system, effectively simulate the circulation simple harmonic wave load that produces under the driving effect.Simplify the hydraulic pressure or the pneumatic servo of large-scale material testing equipment complexity, greatly reduced manufacturing cost.
4, this equipment adopts adjustable temperature territory (water-bath or oil bath), and temperature can be located at scope (20～80 ℃), and after temperature was set, the constant temperature precision of temperature field was ± 1 ℃.This equipment of employing can be simulated the user mode of pavement of road and bridge floor surface layer under the various varying environment temperature conditions.
5, test specimen is except the 10cm * 10cm * 10cm of standard, can also adopt size to be no more than rectangular parallelepiped, the right cylinder test specimen of 25cm * 25cm * 25cm, and the bridge floor composite structure test specimen of band steel plate, specimen stage designs according to maximum sample dimensions, the fixedly dependence self gravitation of test specimen and the contact friction resistance of test specimen and specimen stage need not to add anchor clamps or special-purpose fulcrum arrangement when therefore adopting different test specimens to test.Simultaneously supporting diameter is arranged is that the multiple pressure column of 5mm～50mm is selective, the requirement of the minimum contact area when loading to satisfy different nominal particle diameter compounds.This testing apparatus can be analyzed the test specimen of different molding modes (as testing laboratory's hydrostatic profile, marshall compaction moulding, gyratory compaction moulding, core etc. is got at the scene), and the mechanical deformation characteristic of the bridge floor composite structure test specimen of band steel plate.
6, by vertical loading system, vertical load border balanced system, and mechanical type handle push and pull system, can realize that A. carries out single shaft local loading indentation test; B. carry out single shaft local loading creep test; C. carry out single shaft local circulation load test.This equipment adopts many cover parallel boot test macros (among Fig. 1, being example with left and right two cover parallel boot test macros), can effectively control test accuracy with once adopting a plurality of parallel test specimens in the test.
7, load control module, Balance Control unit, vertical load border, temperature control unit, data signal processing unit, information display unit is integrated, forms the Comprehensive Control display system of this equipment.
8, vertical load border balanced system not only can be so that pressure column well contacts with test specimen, and load is even when guaranteeing to load, and can pass through its control corresponding unit, rigidity such as realization, etc. Contact Boundary conditions such as displacement.
9, the Comprehensive Control display system of vertical load loading system, crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system, claim 7, is formed circulation simple harmonic quantity load loading system jointly at the described vertical load of claim 8 border balanced system.
10, owing to adopt mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system to replace large hydraulic or pneumatic servo CYCLIC LOADING device, the integrated design of Comprehensive Control display system, consider the influence of different size test specimen when specimen stage and pressure column design, this equipment has been realized miniaturization, summary, be convenient to carrying and carry, therefore be suitable for the characteristics that energy-saving and environmental protection were used and embodied in testing laboratory and road or bridge floor working-yard.Contrast shows: its heating power of wheel tracking test instrument (is example with EHSY Lab L1730105) is 2kW, and power is 4kW to MTS-810 environmental cabinet (is example with model 651.06E-03), and the temperature power controlling of this equipment is 1000W; And the test specimen of wheel tracking test is 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, triaxial test π (7.5cm)
2* 15cm, and the standard specimen of this equipment is 10cm * 10cm * 10cm.Test specimen increases, and has not only significantly increased material cost, the test specimen energy consumption, and the discarded bitumen mixture specimen after the test has increased the harm to environment greatly.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 forms synoptic diagram for the multifunctional tester structure of analyzing road surface and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic
Fig. 2 is the Comprehensive Control display system schematics
Fig. 3 is a mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system schematic
Fig. 4 is road surface or bridge floor stress-strain relationship of material figure under the cyclic load
Embodiment:
Figure 1 shows that the multifunctional tester composition synoptic diagram of analyzing road surface and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic, this equipment by support (2), be fixed on vertical loading system (1), vertical load border balanced system (3), displacement transducer (4), load transducer (17) on the support (2), pressure column (6), mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system (7), adjustable temperature territory (10), specimen stage compositions such as (12).
Test specimen places on the testing table (12) of temperature field (10), and vertical loading system (1) is connected with the pressure column (6) of below by vertical load border balanced system (3).Small end in the mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system (7) is connected with vertical load border balanced system (3) on it.By vertical position regulator (18) can the vertical loading system of manual adjustments (1) vertical position; The verticality that can regulate vertical loading system (1) by vertical adjusting device (19).By regulating bearing level governor (14), entire equipment can be transferred to horizontality.Displacement transducer bearing (5) is fixed in support (2) side, and vertical displacement sensor (4) upper end is fixed on the sensor support base (5), and the lower end probe then contacts with the sheet of extending that is fixed in pressure column (6).
Vertical loading system (1), vertical load balanced system (3), mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system (7), displacement transducer (4), load transducer (17), circulation return pipe (8), temperature field heats cold system system (9), temperature sensor (11), stirrer (13) etc. are connected with Comprehensive Control display system (16) by signal control data collection transmission line (15) separately respectively.Wherein, Comprehensive Control display system (shown in Figure 2) comprising: load control module (20), and vertical load boundary Control unit (21), crank rod movement control module (22), data signal processing unit (24), information display system (25) is formed; Mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system (as shown in Figure 3) comprising: electric rotating machine (26), wheel box (27) and crank connecting link (28) are formed.
Its groundwork principle is:
1, this road surface and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic multifunctional tester can pass through vertical loading system (1), and the adjusting of vertical load border balanced system (3) and mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system (7) realizes with control: A, B, C function
A item content of the test: place released state with mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system (7) this moment; Control vertical loading system (1) record and be out of shape rule over time, be loaded on the load of setting, and in the time of setting, keep load constant.
B item content of the test: place released state with mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system (7) this moment; Control vertical loading system (1) record and be out of shape rule over time, load according to loading speed or the rate of displacement set, record distortion simultaneously, destroy or produce the loading force peak value until test specimen and stop test, can control homogeneity and the stability of vertical load border balanced system in the loading procedure to reach the pressure column load.
C item content of the test: at this moment, mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system (7) is placed closure state; Control vertical loading system (1), be loaded on the load (also can be zero) of setting, remain unchanged, according to actual needs, determine the frequency of simple harmonic quantity load.Through converting, the gear of wheel box (27) in the mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system (7) is set, under the rotating speed of setting, turn round simulation load frequency to guarantee crank connecting link (28).The size of simple harmonic quantity load can be controlled by adjusting uniform speed electric motor's (26) the output power and the rigidity of vertical load border balanced system (3).
2, the important mechanics parameter C of road surface and bridge floor material,
Resolution principle
According to the mole coulomb theory:
Wherein: σ
1, σ
3Be respectively first, third principal stress; C,
Important mechanics parameter for road surface or bridge floor material.
Adopt the pressure column of different size, carry out local indentation test, obtain the load peak value, by theoretical analysis (or FEM (finite element) calculation), calculate the many groups σ under corresponding load-carrying area and the load peak value condition then indentation test
1, σ
3, the substitution following formula can obtain with C,
Be the system of equations of parameter, adopt least square method to find the solution can to obtain C,
Value.
3, road surface or bridge floor material modulus at rapid deformation | E
*| resolution principle
For the linear viscoelasticity material, as road surface and bridge floor material, the strain-stress relation under continuous sinusoidal cyclic load effect is defined as composite modulus (E
*), it is the basic sign of the linear viscoelasticity strength of materials.Composite modulus be defined as any preset time t and the load angular velocity omega under sinusoidal stress amplitude δ=δ
0Sinusoidal strain amplitude ε=ε under sin (ω t) and identical time and the frequency
0The ratio of sin (ω t-φ), it has determined stable status reaction (as shown in Figure 4):
E
*＝δ/ε＝δ
0sin(ωt)/ε
0sin(ωt-φ)
Wherein: δ
0Be peak stress; ε
0Be the strain peak value; φ is the phasing degree; ω is an angular velocity; T is the time. usually, composite modulus refers to E
*Be plural number, comprise real part and imaginary part, refer to the storage or the elastic modulus part of composite modulus with the real part modulus E ' of stress homophase; Differ 90 ° imaginary part modulus E with stress " refer to loss or viscous modulus; So E
*The viscoelasticity that can comprehensively reflect asphalt can be used as the index of estimating its performance.The definition angle phi is the strain stress that asphalt produced under the load action
0The stress σ that lags behind in the test to be applied
0The phasing degree, above-mentioned composite modulus can be expressed as:
E
*＝|E
*|cosφ+i|E
*|sinφ
Wherein: i is the imaginary part of composite modulus.
Dynamic modulus is defined as the mould of composite modulus, has reflected the ability of material resistance to deformation, and dynamic modulus is defined as follows:
Stress amplitude when dynamic modulus also can reach steady state (SS) by test and the ratio of strain amplitude are determined:
|E
*|＝δ
0/ε
0
4, adjustable temperature territory temperature control principle
The circulating in temperature field heats cold system system (9) conduit by heating liquid or cooling liquid is with water-bath (or oil bath) the generation heat interchange in the temperature field (10).Water-bath (or oil bath) in the temperature field (10) produces convection current by stirrer (13) and circulation return pipe (8), and temperature field (10) specimen stage (12) environment temperature is evenly distributed.Temperature control unit according to the real time temperature that temperature sensor (11) in the water-bath (or oil bath) is gathered, is controlled circulating of heating liquid or cooling liquid automatically, and the duty of stirrer (13) and circulation return pipe (8).
5, Contact Boundary condition control principle
Vertical load border balanced system comprises the controlled spring unit of many groups, slip damping but fortune, friction element, not only can so that pressure column well contact with test specimen, load is even when guaranteeing to load, and can pass through control corresponding unit controls spring unit, slip damping but disconnection and the closure and the state parameter of fortune, friction element, rigidity such as realization, etc. Contact Boundary conditions such as displacement.
6, multifunctional integrated test system design concept
Adopt the system function module method for designing, shared vertical loading system and temperature field heats cold system system, simplified equipment greatly, and designed specimen stage according to analysis-by-synthesis, test specimen is except the 10cm * 10cm * 10cm of standard, can also adopt size to be no more than rectangular parallelepiped, the right cylinder test specimen of 25cm * 25cm * 25cm, and the bridge floor composite structure test specimen of band steel plate, and need not to add anchor clamps or special-purpose fulcrum arrangement; The traffic load that acts on road deck and bridge floor for simulation has repeatedly designed the simple harmonic quantity load that mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system produces, and designed the vertical load balanced system to guarantee the homogeneity and the stability of dynamic load, can open the switching that realizes between simple vertical load test (local loading indentation test, local loading creep test etc.) and the local circulation load test by the closure of mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system; Load control module (20), vertical load boundary Control unit (21), crank rod movement control module (22), data signal processing unit (24), information display system (25) is formed the Comprehensive Control display system, realizes the function of data acquisition, signal controlling and analysis-by-synthesis.Design by system simplification, need not change anchor clamps and fulcrum arrangement and just can realize the function of Multitest, and integrated system ensemble control system, realized the miniaturization and energy-conservationization of equipment can changing the present situation that engineering site lacks deformation mechanics performance synthesis evaluation test equipment.
Claims (10)
1, the multifunctional integrated tester of a kind of road surface and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic, comprise support, adjustable temperature territory, vertical loading system, vertical load border balanced system, mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system, load-displacement sensor, Comprehensive Control display system, it is characterized in that: can realize static the loading and loading step by step by vertical loading system and vertical load border balanced system, comprise that A. carries out single shaft local loading indentation test, B. carry out single shaft local loading creep test, obtain creep stiffness δ mix; By opening custom-designed mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system, can realize that dynamic circulation loads, comprise C. carry out the effect of the actual driving of single shaft local circulation load test simulation dynamic loads down the road surface or the force-bearing situation of bridge floor, obtain the rule of development and the dynamic modulus of accumulative total axle year number of times and vertical deformation | E*|; Consider the influence of different size test specimen when specimen stage and pressure column design, anchor clamps can not changed and fulcrum arrangement is realized above test function, and because miniaturization Design, this equipment not only can be used for the multiple test event comprehensive detection that theoretical research also can be used for engineering site, these test events are not simple combinations, the test index value not only is provided, and can obtains important mechanics of materials parameter, and then can carry out analysis-by-synthesis and comprehensive evaluation.
2, the multifunctional integrated tester of road surface according to claim 1 and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic is characterized in that: only by the local indentation test of different load-carrying areas repeatedly just can obtain the shear behavior of road surface and bridge floor material important parameter C,
System of equations, and then can in the hope of C,
For the mechanical simulation analysis provides effective parameter value.
3, the multifunctional integrated tester of road surface according to claim 1 and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic, it is characterized in that: utilization claim 1 and the described method of claim 2 can obtain described mechanics parameter, further utilize these mechanics parameters to carry out the theoretical modeling analysis and in conjunction with above-described multinomial integration test result, just can realize the deformation stability analysis-by-synthesis and the evaluation of road pavement or bridge floor based on test experience and mechanical analysis principle.
4, the multifunctional integrated tester of road surface according to claim 1 and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic, it is characterized in that: can be according to the temperature field real time temperature of default temperature and temperature sensor collection, automatically control heating liquid or cooling liquid circulating in temperature field heats cold system system pipes by temperature control unit, and the duty of stirrer and circulation return pipe, the specimen stage environment temperature is evenly distributed, thereby can realizes the simulation of different temperature conditions such as low temperature, room temperature, high temperature.
5, the multifunctional integrated tester of road surface according to claim 1 and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic, it is characterized in that: test specimen is except the 10cm * 10cm * 10cm of standard, can also adopt size to be no more than rectangular parallelepiped, the right cylinder test specimen of 25cm * 25cm * 25cm, and the bridge floor composite structure test specimen of band steel plate, specimen stage designs according to maximum sample dimensions, the fixedly dependence self gravitation of test specimen and the contact friction resistance of test specimen and specimen stage need not to add anchor clamps or special-purpose fulcrum arrangement when therefore adopting different test specimens to test.Simultaneously supporting diameter is arranged is that the multiple pressure column of 5mm～50mm is selective, the requirement of the minimum contact area when loading to satisfy different nominal particle diameter compounds.This testing apparatus can be analyzed the test specimen of different molding modes (as testing laboratory's hydrostatic profile, marshall compaction moulding, gyratory compaction moulding, core etc. is got at the scene), and the mechanical deformation characteristic of the bridge floor composite structure test specimen of band steel plate.
6, the multifunctional integrated tester of road surface according to claim 1 and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic is characterized in that: adopt two (or a plurality of parallel) test specimens with once testing, can reduce the experimental enviroment difference, reduce test number discreteness.
7, the multifunctional integrated tester of road surface according to claim 1 and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic, it is characterized in that: load control module, Balance Control unit, vertical load border, temperature control unit, data signal processing unit, information display unit integrated forms the Comprehensive Control display system of this equipment.
8, the multifunctional integrated tester of road surface according to claim 1 and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic, it is characterized in that: vertical load border balanced system, not only can so that pressure column well contact with test specimen, load is even when guaranteeing to load, and can pass through its control corresponding unit, rigidity such as realization, etc. Contact Boundary conditions such as displacement.
9, the multifunctional integrated tester of road surface according to claim 1 and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic, it is characterized in that: the Comprehensive Control display system of vertical load loading system, crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system, claim 7, the described vertical load of claim 8 border balanced system, form circulation simple harmonic quantity load loading system jointly.
10, the multifunctional integrated tester of road surface according to claim 1 and bridge deck deformation mechanics characteristic, it is characterized in that: owing to adopt mechanical type crank connecting link CYCLIC LOADING system to replace large hydraulic or pneumatic servo CYCLIC LOADING device, the integrated design of Comprehensive Control display system, consider the influence of different size test specimen when specimen stage and pressure column design, this equipment has been realized miniaturization, summary, be convenient to carrying and carry, therefore be suitable for the characteristics that energy-saving and environmental protection were used and embodied in testing laboratory and road or bridge floor working-yard.
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