CN1571711A - 多层粉末金属轴承 - Google Patents
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
一种制造多层青铜轴承的方法，包括在钢背衬带(12)上涂覆一层具有第一成分的第一铜基粉末金属材料层(16)。在没有明显压实第一层的情况下，在第一层上至少沉积一个第二铜基粉末金属材料层，其成分为与第一成分不同的第二成分。然后对这些层进行烧结、冷却及辊轧压实，以便相互结合并结合到背衬带上，最后，对这些层进一步进行烧结。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及钢背衬青铜粉末金属发动机轴承。
背景技术
在制造铜基发动机轴承和轴套(整个轴承)时，把铜基功能层结合到钢背衬带上的一个通用方法是把单层青铜轴承材料涂到移动的衬板上，然后烧结、冷却、辊轧压实，并进行后烧结。常采用电镀或物理汽相沉积工艺在这种烧结的青铜轴承层上涂上一层覆盖层，如锡或铅-锡-铜层，以使轴承有良好的适应性和压入性。结合青铜功能层的另一个方法是从熔池把这样一层材料浇在移动的钢背衬带上，然后采用单独的电镀或物理汽相沉积工艺在这种浇注功能层上施涂一层覆盖层，来提高轴承适应性和压入性。
上述每一种制造铜基功能层的方法的一个固有缺点，在于它们限于涂覆一种单一的铜基合金材料。按照给定应用的要求，调整粉末金属或青铜功能层的化学成分，使整个功能层由相同的合金材料制造。
随着轴承承载和耐磨要求以及减小某些元素(如铅)用量的要求日益增加，制造满足现代轴承和轴套应用所有要求的铜基替代合金的成本更富挑战性，特别是因为这种功能层一般都是涂到钢背衬的层中最厚的一层。
本申请的发明人已经确认，在许多应用中，若非现行的在钢背衬上制备单层青铜功能层的工艺的限制，仅在功能层的一部分提供高性能/高成本的铜基合金材料就可满足要求，而功能层其余部分的材料可以是较低性能和较低成本的材料。因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种在轴承的钢背衬上形成多层青铜功能层的方法。
发明内容
按照本发明的一个优选的方法，提供了一种制造多层粉末金属铜基轴承的方法，包括：在一个金属背衬带上涂覆一层第一铜基金属合金层；在没有明显压实第一层的情况下，至少在第一层上涂覆一种第二铜基粉末金属合金层，至少第二层的成分不同于第一层；在没有明显压实这些层的情况下，对这些层进行第一次烧结步骤；在第一次烧结步骤后，冷却这些层，并对着金属背衬带辊轧压实这些层，使其压实并结合到基板上和相互结合；辊轧压实后，对这些层进行第二次烧结步骤。
本发明者发现，经过在钢衬板上涂覆第一铜基粉末层，然后在没有明显压实情况下在第一层上至少涂覆一层第二铜基粉末轴承材料层，继而进行第一次烧结和冷却工序，再进行辊轧结合及后烧结，一种多层铜基粉末金属功能轴承材料可以有效地相互结合并结合到钢背衬带上，而且可以灵活选择第一层和第二层的化学成分以便设计这种功能层的最终性能。
本发明的优点是：可以在一层使用较便宜的铜基材料，而相应在另一层或其余层使用较昂贵的材料。
本发明的另一个优点是容易适用于现有的烧结生产线，仅需少量改动。
按照一种特定的性能，第一层可以由相对便宜的铜-锡粉末合金制造，并且相对较厚，而第二层则可以由铜-锡-铋，或另外的特定粉末金属合金制造，作为含铅青铜的代用品。
附图说明
通过下面的详细说明及附图将更容易清楚本发明的上述的和其他的特点和优点，附图中：
图1是按本发明制造的一个轴承的示意分解剖面图。
图2是说明本方法的一个示意图。
具体实施方式
按照本发明的一个多层粉末金属滑动轴承或轴套(整个轴承)在图1中总的标为10，该轴承或轴套包括一个钢背衬12，该钢背衬12上涂上一层至少由基层16和外表面层18构成的多层烧结粉末金属内衬14，基层16和外表面层18都是铜基烧结粉末金属合金，但具有不同的成分和/或不同的性能，两者的结合构成了满足轴承内衬14所要求性能的复合内衬14。
按照本发明，表面层18可以是第一铜基粉末金属合金成分，具有适于与轴承10所支承的转轴、销、或其他零件滑动接合所需要的性能，以便沿表面层18转动面滑动。由于应有必要的合金添加元素以满足其性能要求，因此，具有表面层18所需性能的粉末金属成分较为昂贵。这种相对昂贵的表面层18至少可以以一层具有第二铜基粉末金属成分的较便宜的基层16为背衬，基层16为表面层提供必要的支撑，但不必具有与表面层相同的性能，这就提供了具有所要求最终性能的整个轴承内衬14。在所示实例中，表面层18明显薄于基层16，有利于节约成本。
因此，层16，18可以有不同的化学成分，因而具有不同的性能和成本。这样，在一个较强而简单的低成本层16的顶部上涂覆一层较低强度而高润滑性的高成本层18，可以使复合内衬14在性能上得到整体提高。
这种粉末金属层优选地是基本不含铅(＜0.1％的铅)的铜基合金。例如，基层16可以是一种90/10铜锡粉末金属层，衬托着一个表面层18，该表面层18例如可以是一种铜-锡-铋粉末金属层，其中有90份的铜及10份的锡和铋，而铋约为铜和锡总量的2％～10％(重量)。本发明也考虑用其他铜合金及其化学成分，在此处作为参考引入。当然，层16，18的选择应是相互匹配的，以便在烧结操作中容易结合到背衬带12上及相互结合。
图2简略说明一种制造这类多层烧结轴承的方法。背衬带12在一个第一粉末涂覆器20下面通过，该处涂上基层16，然后衬板12在一个第二粉末涂覆器22下面通过，在没有明显压实基层16粉末金属材料的情况下涂上表面层18。粉末层最好松散地涂覆到基层上，在烧结前没有任何辊轧压实，虽然本发明也可用一定量的压实以控制粉末，但没有达到在涂覆第二层前明显压实基层的程度(如＜80％的完全理论密度)，或在烧结前明显压实第二层的程度(如，＜80％的完全理论密度)。背衬带12送进通过一个烧结区24，这些层在此烧结，然后通过一个冷却区26，继而进入压辊28，压辊28压实这些层，并把它们结合到背衬带以及相互结合，以后，在最终烧结区30，这些已部分烧结和辊轧的层16，18进一步完全烧结。当然，如有必要，可以涂覆更多的层，如三层或更多的层，为此，在此方法中要添加更多的粉末涂覆区。
显然，按照上述说明，本发明的更多改进和改型是可能的。因此，相信在所附的权利要求书的范围内，本发明可以不按专门说明的那样实施。本发明由权利要求书限定。
Claims (6)
1.一种制造多层粉末金属铜基轴承的方法，包括：
在一个金属背衬带上涂覆一层第一铜基金属合金层；
在没有明显压实第一层的情况下，至少在第一层上涂覆一种第二铜基粉末金属合金层，至少第二层的成分不同于第一层；
在没有明显压实这些层的情况下，对这些层进行第一次烧结步骤；
在第一次烧结步骤后，冷却这些层，并对着金属背衬带辊轧压实这些层，使其压实并结合到基板上和相互结合；
辊轧压实后，对这些层进行第二次烧结步骤。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于这些层选择基本无铅成分。
3.按照权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于上述第一层包括一种铜-锡合金，上述至少第二层包括一种铜-锡-铋合金。
4.按照权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于上述至少第二层合金中的铋含量的重量百分比约等于2％～10％。
5.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于上述第一层至少相对于上述第二层较厚。
6.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于上述的背衬带由钢制造。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US33006501P | 2001-10-17 | 2001-10-17 | |
| US60/330,065 | 2001-10-17 | ||
| US10/272,054 | 2002-10-15 | ||
| US10/272,054 US6787100B2 (en) | 2001-10-17 | 2002-10-15 | Multiple layer powder metal bearings |
| PCT/US2002/033015 WO2003033194A1 (en) | 2001-10-17 | 2002-10-16 | Multiple layer powder metal bearings |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1571711A true CN1571711A (zh) | 2005-01-26 |
| CN100393453C CN100393453C (zh) | 2008-06-11 |
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| CNB028205936A Expired - Fee Related CN100393453C (zh) | 2001-10-17 | 2002-10-16 | 一种制造多层粉末金属铜基轴承的方法 |
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| US (1) | US6787100B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1441873A4 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4111917B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20040048941A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN100393453C (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2002335044B2 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04003395A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2003033194A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102773488A (zh) * | 2006-01-16 | 2012-11-14 | 奥依列斯工业株式会社 | 铜类烧结滑动部件 |
| CN113118716A (zh) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-16 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种高结合强度铜钢双金属减摩耐磨复合材料的焊接方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003221605A (ja) * | 2002-01-29 | 2003-08-08 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 焼結合金とその製造方法並びに焼結合金からなる軸受を用いたモータ式燃料ポンプ |
| US20040074335A1 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2004-04-22 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Powder metal connecting rod |
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-
2002
- 2002-10-15 US US10/272,054 patent/US6787100B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-16 MX MXPA04003395A patent/MXPA04003395A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-10-16 KR KR10-2004-7005107A patent/KR20040048941A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-10-16 AU AU2002335044A patent/AU2002335044B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-10-16 EP EP02801746A patent/EP1441873A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-10-16 WO PCT/US2002/033015 patent/WO2003033194A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-10-16 CN CNB028205936A patent/CN100393453C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-10-16 JP JP2003535973A patent/JP4111917B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102773488A (zh) * | 2006-01-16 | 2012-11-14 | 奥依列斯工业株式会社 | 铜类烧结滑动部件 |
| CN113118716A (zh) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-16 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种高结合强度铜钢双金属减摩耐磨复合材料的焊接方法 |
| CN113118716B (zh) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-03-25 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种高结合强度铜钢双金属减摩耐磨复合材料的焊接方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1441873A1 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
| EP1441873A4 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
| WO2003033194A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
| CN100393453C (zh) | 2008-06-11 |
| US6787100B2 (en) | 2004-09-07 |
| AU2002335044B2 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
| MXPA04003395A (es) | 2004-06-18 |
| KR20040048941A (ko) | 2004-06-10 |
| US20030072670A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
| JP4111917B2 (ja) | 2008-07-02 |
| JP2005506445A (ja) | 2005-03-03 |
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