CN1568753A - Giant panda feedstuff - Google Patents
Giant panda feedstuff Download PDFInfo
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- CN1568753A CN1568753A CNA2004100224278A CN200410022427A CN1568753A CN 1568753 A CN1568753 A CN 1568753A CN A2004100224278 A CNA2004100224278 A CN A2004100224278A CN 200410022427 A CN200410022427 A CN 200410022427A CN 1568753 A CN1568753 A CN 1568753A
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- giant panda
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fodder for giant panda which contains rich cellulose, suitable for replenishing nourishment for raised giant pandas, the fodder is in bamboo rod form, the hollow diameter being 1.5-3.0mm, and the composition being energy component 20-65%, protein 10-35%, cellulose 5-45%, vitamins and trace element additive 1-3%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production of fodder technical field, specifically, relate to a kind of feed that is applicable to Captive Giant Panda and additional its required various nutritions.
Background technology
The research Giant panda feedstuff, must understand the physilogical characteristics of giant panda, the major organs of giant panda digestive system comprises oral mucosa, tongue, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and rectum, it is the rare wild animal of tool carnivore alimentary canal characteristics, short alimentary canal and less stomach are arranged, do not have caecum.The giant panda cutting is undeveloped, and molar is flourishing especially, and mortar is wide wealthy, and mortar tuberculum faciale top is sharp-pointed, so its flute profile should belong to complex structure, short hat, omnivorous beastly flute profile.Powerful short taper profile canine tooth is (Zhang Heyu etc. 1995) that the physiological function with the plant food of searching for food adapts, and giant panda premolar teeth and molar are thick, chew face width, and this all is suitable for chew (Mahler, D.E 1975) to hard food.Paraffin section to 8 giant panda alimentary canal major organs of all ages and classes death is observed, find that the gastral microstructure of giant panda has general carnivorous adaptability characteristics basically, show that mainly unicellular many and many cells muccus gland enriches, intestinal villi is longer, and intestinal mucosa flesh layer and muscle layer are thicker etc. (king's equality 1983).In the fine structure of small intestine, the giant panda that grows up has different significantly with other mammals, long and close intestinal villi, very elongated mucomembranous epithelial cell, the secretory cell that quantity is huge, has flourishing smooth muscle in the fine hair, abundant " Lee Bei Shi " gland and " the sharp Kun Shi of cloth " gland and generous flesh layer etc.Because the food of giant panda is single and peculiar, and in its intestines structure, some adaptive changes have been caused, distinguishing feature has appearred in the small intestine structure: promptly enlarge absorption area, abundant enteraden, intestines wall flesh is flourishing to strengthen the intestines vigor, and good regeneration and repair ability, thereby make the deficiency on its alimentary canal length be remedied (Zhang Qingfan etc., 1986).Do not have caecum, enzyme and microbe symbiotic that the while digestive system does not have digest cellulose do not have the digestive organs that fermentation is decomposed yet, and they mainly are the parenchymal tissues in digestion bamboo or the bamboo shoots, promptly digest part hemicellulose (Li Rong Ao etc. 1984).Therefore as if giant panda is that the selection of main food does not conform to its gastral characteristics very much with the bamboo class of high fiber content.
But open-air giant panda borrows bamboo to survive having abundant bamboo resource and nobody under the situation of catching, so bamboo can provide enough nutrition for the daily life of giant panda.
Giant panda is typical rare wild animal; order benefit deterioration along with living environment; the protection of giant panda has obtained the great attention of the Chinese government; the giant panda of injured or ill can both obtain instant relief in the open air; and in order to study and protect giant panda; country has built up several giant pandas with high level and has bred study base or center; utilize that various artificial means are carried out raising, bred, research such as heredity and protection, this giant panda under the artificial feeding condition is called Captive Giant Panda.
Captive Giant Panda at first will guarantee the health status of giant panda, could guarantee normal operation to the every research of giant panda, and the food bamboo of Captive Giant Panda amount, bamboo kind and quality thereof etc. all are subjected to restriction in various degree, therefore providing a certain amount of beneficiated burden material complemental feed is very necessary with the nutritional requirements that satisfies Captive Giant Panda, and what at first will change is exactly the mode of feeding and the feed kind of giant panda.
Open-air giant panda mainly relies on a large amount of very high bamboo classes of the fiber content of searching for food to make a living, and the bamboo class all has important role for the keeping of the existence of giant panda, normal physiological function, growth reproduction; In very long evolutionary process, the physilogical characteristics of giant panda have also produced the variation of some bamboo classes of being fit to search for food, the palm of giant panda has very strong grippage, except five each fingers arranged side by side, the source outside also has a pseudo-thumb on palm, and five fingers cooperate cleverly with pseudo-thumb can be with bamboo bar, the good grasping of the leaf of bamboo in hand; The physiological structure of the palm of giant panda is not suitable for the food of grasping bulk or bulk, and is fit to very much the rod-like articles of grasping as the bamboo bar.
Since the artificial house of giant panda, the concentrated feed of giant panda has experienced based on gruel, is main process to a steamed bread of corn and rice cake, and feedstuff has comprised that cereals are main mixed fodder, (Zhu Benren, Guo Faping such as fruit and vegetable, micronutrient; The Chen Yu village; The Beijing Zoo), relate to feed following components arranged:
Green and rough feeds class: wheat seeding, sudangrass, sugarcane, wild rice stem, reed broomcorn millet, blue or green cornstalk
Fruit and vegetable class: apple, pears, Hu Luobu, lettuce, jujube, lotus root, banana, dried persimmon
Cereals: corn, rice, soya bean, soybean, wheat, wheat bran
Animal food: milk and milk powder, egg, baking calf rib or pygostyle
Supplement feeds such as mineral matter: salt, bone meal, mineral matter etc.
Trace mineral supplement: multivitamin, trace element
This shows, the recipe of Captive Giant Panda also is very complicated, and different feed lot feeding manners, food species, the difference of feed modulation system is big, say that totally giant panda raising program is quite a lot of, it is all not too easy that feed modulation system and finished product are preserved, the individual difference of adding different giant pandas is quite big, identical feeding manner is difficult to guarantee that all giant pandas obtain balanced nutrition, may cause giant panda to be in sub-health status even cause the generation of all kinds of nutritional deficiency diseases, and feeding cost is also quite expensive, only feed cost will spend more than 40,000 yuan with annual every giant panda, no matter go back other medicine, health care, keeper's wage etc.
Along with going deep into of giant panda research, each giant panda feed lot has higher requirement to the form of the concentrate supplement of giant panda.The present domestic report that does not also have this respect, one piece of relevant report (M.S.Edwards et al. is abroad also only arranged, 1998), the raising program of domestic and international Captive Giant Panda complexity and some nutrition problems of appearance, all press for the raising that changes present giant panda, the modulation system of feed, need provide giant panda rational nutrition more accurately, therefore, the full price giant panda concentrate supplement that a kind of prescription of research preparation is easy to adjust, finished product is easy to preserve is the personnel's of each giant panda feed lot urgent hope.
Technology contents
The stable breeding of applicant Chengdu Panda Breeding Research Base the giant panda of nearly 50 all ages and classes, wherein, exhausted major part is the Captive Giant Panda self-reproduction, and the applicant has extremely abundant, extremely valuable and high academic research level by to the giant panda research of decades.
The applicant is in line with the requirement to the new feedstuff modulation system, in conjunction with improving giant panda feeding and management level, improve the Giant panda feedstuff prescription, improve the body condition of giant panda, improve the needs of its reproductive survival rate, specially with reference to the feed processing technology of general animal, people's food processing technology, particularity according to giant panda, designed the comprehensive and balanced feed formula of nutrient content, look, fragrant, flavor, the high fiber mixed feed of the imitative giant panda food of shape bamboo, developed a cover giant panda special feed process equipment together and formulated perfect processing step and definite various technological parameters with relevant mechanical expert, the while new feedstuff is the replace old feed completely, at first just from its outward appearance and palatability aspect, look, fragrant, flavor, aspects such as shape are wanted and can be accepted by giant panda; Each age, the required whole nutrients of physiological stage giant panda are provided; Do not add or add non-nutritive additive less as far as possible, as flavouring agent, pigment, binder or the like.
Because the giant panda individual difference is quite big, all ages and classes, physiological stage and the influence that is subjected to its health, requirement to feed is also different, adopt identical medical treatment mode to be difficult to satisfy the nutritional need of each giant panda, therefore press for and seek a kind of new feed, can be respectively each giant panda provides the feed of full nutrition composition and mutual balanced proportion to satisfy the nutritional need of giant panda.
Goal of the invention of the present invention is intended to overcome prior art and lacks limit, a kind of feed that is used to raise Captive Giant Panda is provided, this feed can effectively replenish the nutritional requirements of Captive Giant Panda, and can carry out personalization to feed according to different giant panda individualities, all ages and classes, different physiology, stage of development, different feed custom and different healths and allocate.
The feed of giant panda mainly is made of following component:
Energy component: 20--65%
Protein composition: 10-35%
Fiber-like component: 5--45%
Vitamin and trace mineral supplement: 1-3%.
It is shaft-like that this feed is bamboo, and hollow diameters is 1.5-3.0mm, has the delicate fragrance of the emerald green and bamboo the same with the bamboo bar, and it mainly comprises:
Described energy component is mainly derived from: corn, rice, wheat, wheat bran, vegetable fat.
Corn 20-40%, rice 8-18%, wheat bran 4-15%, vegetable oil 1-3% in the described energy component
Described protein composition is mainly derived from: fish meal, dregs of beans, milk powder.
Fish meal accounts for 4-12%, dregs of beans 6-20%, milk powder 3-15% in the described protein composition.
Described fiber-like component is mainly derived from: bamboo, the grass meal of giant panda happiness food.
The preferred arrow bamboo of bamboo of giant panda happiness food in the described fiber-like component.
Bamboo can be made into the bamboo powder in the described fiber-like component.
The preferred alfalfa meal of grass meal in the described fiber-like component.
Also contain a spot of salt in the feed.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
Initiated the Captive Giant Panda nutritional need has been carried out additional comprehensively feed, this feed is easy to preserve and storage, its meaning not only is Captive Giant Panda is replenished its existence, the required various nutritions of growth comprehensively, the more important thing is a road with Chinese characteristics is explored in science and the humanity raising of all stable breeding rare animals, have extremely important directive significance, this is only science and learning value that Giant panda feedstuff has.
Raise giant panda with Giant panda feedstuff, the various signs of giant panda and other nutritive index parameter all are in level preferably.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: Giant panda feedstuff comprises following component:
Corn 31
Rice 10
Bamboo powder 5
Alfalfa meal 10
Wheat bran 7
Fish meal 6.5
Dregs of beans 14.5
Crane king milk powder 10
Soybean oil 3
Bone meal 0.65
Salt 0.35
Trace mineral supplement 0.5
Vitamin(e) supplement 1.5
The nutrition measured value of this prescription: GE (Kcal/kg) 4249.58, CP%14.2, CF%10.6.
The preparation process of this feed is: pulverize, and--expanded--in small, broken bits----extrusion modling--is cut off--oven dry--finished product---packing in mixing.
Embodiment 2: Giant panda feedstuff comprises following component:
Corn 32.55
Rice 16
Bamboo powder 16
Alfalfa meal 7
Wheat bran 10
Fish meal 5
Dregs of beans 8.6
Soybean oil 2
Bone meal 0.5
Salt 0.35
Trace mineral supplement 1
Vitamin(e) supplement 1
The nutrition measured value of this prescription: GE (Kcal/kg) 4335.75, CP%17.6, CF%11.2.
The preparation process of this feed is: pulverize, and--expanded--in small, broken bits----extrusion modling--is cut off--oven dry--finished product---packing in mixing.
Embodiment 3: Giant panda feedstuff comprises following component:
Corn 28
Rice 13
Bamboo powder 15
Alfalfa meal 9.5
Wheat bran 5.5
Fish meal 8.2
Dregs of beans 12
Crane king milk powder 3
Soybean oil 3
Bone meal 0.5
Salt 0.3
Trace mineral supplement 1
Vitamin(e) supplement 1
The nutrition measured value of this prescription: GE (Kcal/kg) 4582.39, CP%19.2, CF%7.6.
The preparation process of this feed is: pulverize, and--expanded--in small, broken bits----extrusion modling--is cut off--oven dry--finished product---packing in mixing.
Embodiment 4: Giant panda feedstuff comprises following component:
Corn 20
Rice 10
Bamboo powder 36.2
Wheat bran 5
Fish meal 8
Dregs of beans 12
Crane king milk powder 3
Soybean oil 3
Bone meal 0.5
Salt 0.3
Trace mineral supplement 1
Vitamin(e) supplement 1.
Embodiment 5: Giant panda feedstuff comprises following component:
Corn 20
Rice 10
Bamboo powder 18
Alfalfa meal 18
Wheat bran 5
Fish meal 8.2
Dregs of beans 12
Crane king milk powder 3
Soybean oil 3
Bone meal 0.5
Salt 0.3
Trace mineral supplement 1
Vitamin(e) supplement 1.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of Giant panda feedstuff is characterized in that: it is shaft-like that this feed is bamboo, and hollow diameters is 1.5-3.0mm, has the delicate fragrance of the emerald green and bamboo the same with the bamboo bar, and it mainly comprises:
Energy component: 20--65%
Protein composition: 10--35%
Fiber-like component: 5--45%
Vitamin and trace mineral supplement: 1--3%.
2, according to the described Giant panda feedstuff of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described energy component is mainly derived from: corn, rice, wheat, wheat bran, vegetable fat.
3, according to the described Giant panda feedstuff of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described protein composition is mainly derived from: fish meal, dregs of beans, milk powder.
4, according to the described Giant panda feedstuff of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fiber-like component is mainly derived from: bamboo, the grass meal of giant panda happiness food.
5, according to the described Giant panda feedstuff of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the preferred arrow bamboo of bamboo of giant panda happiness food in the described fiber-like component.
6, according to the described Giant panda feedstuff of claim 4, it is characterized in that: bamboo can be made into the bamboo powder in the described fiber-like component.
7, according to the described Giant panda feedstuff of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the preferred alfalfa meal of grass meal in the described fiber-like component.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2004100224278A CN1568753A (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2004-04-30 | Giant panda feedstuff |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2004100224278A CN1568753A (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2004-04-30 | Giant panda feedstuff |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1568753A true CN1568753A (en) | 2005-01-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2004100224278A Pending CN1568753A (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2004-04-30 | Giant panda feedstuff |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104322909A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-02-04 | 张可池 | Nutritive steamed corn-bread for captive alluropoda melanoleuca, and preparation method thereof |
| CN106798096A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-06-06 | 安徽银龙泵阀股份有限公司 | A kind of giant panda concentrated feed |
| CN106962618A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-21 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of Giant panda feedstuff and preparation method thereof |
| CN107568157A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2018-01-12 | 长兴众化生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of weaning period black bear son |
| CN109055517A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-21 | 成都大熊猫繁育研究基地 | It is a kind of to detect the method and feeding method for obtaining giant panda fed food formula based on enteric microorganism |
| CN116076624A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-05-09 | 成都大熊猫繁育研究基地 | Panda concentrated feed, preparation process and panda steamed corn bread prepared by panda concentrated feed |
-
2004
- 2004-04-30 CN CNA2004100224278A patent/CN1568753A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104322909A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-02-04 | 张可池 | Nutritive steamed corn-bread for captive alluropoda melanoleuca, and preparation method thereof |
| CN106798096A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-06-06 | 安徽银龙泵阀股份有限公司 | A kind of giant panda concentrated feed |
| CN106962618A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-21 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of Giant panda feedstuff and preparation method thereof |
| CN107568157A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2018-01-12 | 长兴众化生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of weaning period black bear son |
| CN109055517A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-21 | 成都大熊猫繁育研究基地 | It is a kind of to detect the method and feeding method for obtaining giant panda fed food formula based on enteric microorganism |
| CN116076624A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-05-09 | 成都大熊猫繁育研究基地 | Panda concentrated feed, preparation process and panda steamed corn bread prepared by panda concentrated feed |
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