CN1558845A - 带有溃压箱的保险杠 - Google Patents

带有溃压箱的保险杠 Download PDF

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CN1558845A
CN1558845A CNA018237185A CN01823718A CN1558845A CN 1558845 A CN1558845 A CN 1558845A CN A018237185 A CNA018237185 A CN A018237185A CN 01823718 A CN01823718 A CN 01823718A CN 1558845 A CN1558845 A CN 1558845A
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弗兰克·穆伊杰曼
多米尼克·麦克马洪
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斯里坎思·桑萨纳姆
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    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R2019/1806—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing
    • B60R2019/1833—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of plastic material
    • B60R2019/1846—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of plastic material comprising a cellular structure
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    • B60R2019/1833—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of plastic material
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于机动车的保险杠组件(10)。在一示例性实施方式中，该保险杠组件包括一保险杠和一外饰板，外饰板至少部分地遮盖着所述保险杠。保险杠包括至少一个溃压箱(12)。

Description

带有溃压箱的保险杠
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及缓冲器，更具体地说，本发明所涉及的是保险杠(bumper beam)。
背景技术
通常，缓冲器沿车辆的宽度方向设置在其前部和后部，并被安装到沿纵向延伸的车梁上。一种典型的缓冲器包括一连接到车身纵梁上的钢梁或增强构件，且该钢梁被一外饰板遮盖着。这种钢梁的重量是很大的，且在撞击作用下通常会发生变形或皱折。因此，由撞击产生的能量可传递到车梁上并对车辆造成附加的损坏。
缓冲吸能系统在不超过车辆纵梁载荷限度的前提下对冲击能量和冲击侵入度进行控制，以此来减轻车辆由于受撞击作用而产生的损坏。缓冲系统的效率被定义为其在吸能距离范围内所吸收的能量。高效的缓冲系统与低效率的缓冲系统相比，能在较短的距离吸收更多的能量。通过将负载迅速提高到低于纵梁的载荷限度、并一直保持该负载水平直到冲击能量被完全耗散为止，就可达到高的效率。
某些现有的缓冲吸能系统包括一保险杠、以及联接到该保险杠上的吸能器。吸能器的作用在于吸收来自于冲击的能量。相比于简单的钢梁型保险杠，单独制造吸能器、随后再将吸能器组装到保险杠上的生产过程，使得保险杠组件的生产成本和装配成本都提高。
另外一些现有的缓冲吸能系统采用了泡沫树脂，例如在第4762353号和第4941701号美国专利文件中就公开了这样的缓冲吸能系统。基于泡沫材料的缓冲系统在发生碰撞时的加载速度很慢，这将导致缓冲位移量很大。另外，泡沫体所具有的有效压缩量为百分之六十到七十，超过该临界点后，泡沫就变成不可压缩的了，因而不能完全地吸收冲击能量。剩余的冲击能则就需要通过保险杠支撑梁和/或车体结构的变形来吸收。另外，泡沫体对温度也是敏感的，因而缓冲系统的位移特性和冲击吸收性能会随温度而发生显著的变化。通常随着温度的降低，泡沫体的刚性变大，从而使负载增大。与此相反，随着温度的升高，泡沫体变得更易变形，由此使位移增大，并可能造成车辆的损坏。
还有一些已有的缓冲系统带有一些溃压箱(crash cans)。溃压箱是被单独制出的，且被对准车辆纵梁地直接连接到保险杠上。在撞击过程—例如偏斜撞击的过程中，溃压箱能吸收能量，并有助于防止保险杠出现损坏。但是，单独制造溃压箱、并将其连接到保险杠上的生产过程会增大保险杠组件的成本和复杂性。
发明内容
一个方面，本申请提供了一种用于机动车的保险杠组件(bumperassembly)。该保险杠组件包括一保险杠和一外饰板，外饰板至少部分地遮盖着所述保险杠。保险杠包括至少一个溃压箱。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种用于保险杠组件的吸能梁。该吸能梁包括一构架、以及从该构架延伸出的一个梁体。所述梁体包括一第一横向壁；一与第一横向壁分离开的第二横向壁；以及至少一个溃压箱，该溃压箱位于第一横向壁与第二横向壁之间。
附图说明
图1是一保险杠的前透视图；
图2是对图1所示保险杠的一部分所作的后透视图；
图3是对图1所示保险杠的一部分所作的前透视图；以及
图4、5、6是沿图3中的4-4线所作的剖视图，表示了不同的溃压箱壁板构造。
具体实施方式
下文将对一热塑性塑料的保险杠作详细的描述，该保险杠包括可调的溃压箱。本文中所用的“可调的”一词是指这些溃压箱的特性参数(例如壁板的角度)是可进行选择的，以便于获得理想的工作效果，下文将对此作更为详细的介绍。在本文的描述中，往往将溃压箱当作是与保险杠成一体的，这就意味着溃压箱被制成了保险杠的一个组成构件，而并非与保险杠分开的单独构件，这就使得保险杠为单件整体式结构。词语“一体的”还包括这样的结构：保险杠是分段模制的，然后再将各段紧固到一起—例如利用焊接的方法。
在保险杠上结合溃压箱就形成了这样的缓冲系统：无须在保险杠上安装单独的吸能器，其就能对能量进行吸收。例如，在低速撞击的过程中，通过使保险杠发生变形而将冲击力保持在刚好低于预定值的水平上，直到将撞击活动的动能都吸收为止。当低速撞击过程结束时，保险杠基本上能恢复到其原始形状，并保持足够的完整性，以抵抗随后的撞击。
另外，认为将热塑料的保险杠有效的吸能特性与集成的溃压箱相结合能使撞击缓冲性能优于普通的金属保险杠。此外，认为集成有溃压箱的热塑料保险杠的冲击吸收效能高于不带有溃压箱的热塑料保险杠。
可用很多种塑料材料来制造该保险杠，这些材料例如包括可从麻萨诸塞州匹兹菲尔德市的通用电气公司购得的Xenoy材料。但保险杠并不仅限于由这种材料制造，还可使用其它的材料。
更具体来讲，用来制造保险杠的材料应具有一定的特性，这些特性包括：高韧性/延展性、热稳定性、高吸能容量、良好的模量-延伸率比以及可回收性。尽管保险杠可分段模制，但保险杠也可由坚韧的塑料材料制成整体结构。如上文提到的那样，用于制造保险杠的一种示例性材料是Xenoy材料。当然，也可采用其它的热塑性工程树脂材料。典型的热塑性工程树脂材料包括(但并不仅限于此)：丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、聚碳酸酯、聚碳酸酯/ABS混料、聚碳酸酯—聚酯的共聚物、丙烯酸-苯乙烯-丙烯腈(ASA)、丙烯腈-(二胺改性的乙烯-聚丙烯)-苯乙烯(AES)、苯乙醚树脂、苯乙醚/聚酰胺混料(通用电气公司出品的NORYL GTX)、聚碳酸酯/PET/PBT混料、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯及其耐冲击改性物(通用电气公司出品的XENOY树脂)、聚酰胺、硫化苯树脂、聚氯乙烯PVC、耐冲击性聚苯乙烯(HIPS)、低/高密度聚乙烯(l/hdpe)、聚丙烯(pp)、以及热塑性烯烃(tpo)。例如还可用一种玻璃纤维毡热塑性塑料(GMT)来制造(例如采用压缩成型工艺)保险杠，上述的GMT材料例如是Azdel材料(这种材料在第5643989号美国专利中进行了描述，且可从位于北卡罗来纳州谢尔比市的Azdel公司购得)。
下面具体地参见附图，图1是一保险杠10的前透视图，其包括一体式的可调溃压箱12，图2是该保险杠10一个部分的后视图。通常，要在保险杠10上固定一外饰板(图中未示出)，该外饰板一般是用热塑性材料制成的，该材料适于采用常规的车辆喷漆和/或涂覆工艺的后期精处理。外饰板包罩着保险杠10，使得保险杠10在被安装到车辆上之后就无法看到了。
保险杠10的横截面形状基本上为矩形，其包括一构架14。从构架14延伸出的一个梁体16包括沿纵向延伸的第一凸缘板18和第二凸缘板20。凸缘板18和20围出了一条通道22，其也沿纵向延伸。在通道22内的凸缘板18和20之间、以及凸缘板18和20的外表面26和28上设置了多个增强和加固肋片24。
保险杠10还具有与车辆进行连接的部分30、32，并包括用于将保险杠10固定到车架纵梁上的开孔34。增强构件36从梁体16延伸向连接部分32。当保险杠10被固定到车辆上时，溃压箱12基本上处于与车辆纵梁对正的的位置处。通过将溃压箱12定位在与车辆纵梁对正的位置上，可使得溃压箱在发生碰撞过程中发挥作用，以利于降低对车辆的损坏。
参见图3，其是保险杠3一个部分的前透视图，溃压箱12包括多个壁板50、52、54。另外，可参见图4、5、6，这些视图是沿图3中的4-4线所作的剖视图，表示出了溃压角A、B、C的各种可选值，对溃压角A、B、C进行改变将导致刚度和冲击特性发生变化。举例来讲，通过将壁板50、52、54变得更为直立，则溃压箱12就会变得更为刚硬。另外，如果将壁板50、52、54布置得紧凑一些，则也能提高溃压箱12的刚度。此外，还可改变肋片24之间的间距，也就是说，随着肋片24之间间距的缩小，保险杠10可变得刚挺。
通过对上述三项指标(即壁板的角度A、B、C；壁板50、52、54之间的间距；以及肋片24之间的间距)中的至少之一进行改动，就可将溃压箱12调整到理想的刚度上。由于车辆的重量和用途(例如非运营乘用车、运营乘用车、轻型卡车)不同，所以可针对特定的车重和用途对保险杠10进行调整。
当然，还可利用其它的变量来对溃压箱12进行调整。举例来说，可通过改变壁板50、52、54的厚度来使溃压箱12适用于特定的用途。例如，壁板的额定厚度可以在约1.75mm到约3.0mm的宽泛区间内变动。更具体而言，对于某些小冲击的应用环境，壁板的额定厚度通常是在约1.75mm到约2.0mm的区间内，而对于其它的应用环境，壁厚更大的可能区间是约2.5mm到3.0mm。
对溃压箱12作适当调整的另一方面在于选择所使用的热塑性树脂。所采用的树脂可根据需要选用低模量、中等模量或高模量材料。通过仔细研究上述的各个变量，就可以使溃压箱12的冲击能吸收特性满足预期的目标值。
如上所述，在注塑成型的热塑性保险杠上整体地设置溃压箱，将能使保险杠的吸能效率优于钢制保险杠或简单的热塑性保险杠。冲击性能的提高就意味着：低速情况下“翼子板折弯”类事故的修理费用降低，并能减小车辆在发生高速碰撞时的损坏。另外，由于这种结构的保险杠未设置单独的吸能器，所以还能节省成本。将热塑性保险杠与可调的溃压箱结合起来能实现迅速而有效的加载，并可控制撞击事故。
尽管上文针对各种特定的实施方式对本发明进行了描述，但本领域技术人员可以认识到，在权利要求书限定的设计思想和保护范围内，可对本发明作多种形式的改动。

Claims (20)

1、一种保险杠组件，其包括：
一保险杠，其包括至少一个溃压箱；以及
一外饰板，其用于至少遮盖住所述保险杠的一个部分。
2、根据权利要求1所述的保险杠组件，其中所述保险杠是用热塑性材料构成的。
3、根据权利要求1所述的保险杠组件，其中所述保险杠包括一纵长的单体式热塑性材料梁体。
4、根据权利要求1所述的保险杠组件，其中所述溃压箱是可调整的。
5、根据权利要求1所述的保险杠组件，其中所述保险杠包括一构架、一从所述构架延伸出的梁体，所述梁体包括一第一凸缘板和一第二凸缘板、以及位于第一凸缘板和第二凸缘板之间的一条通道。
6、根据权利要求1所述的保险杠组件，其中一第一溃压箱被构成与车辆的第一纵梁对正，一第二溃压箱被构成与第二车辆纵梁对正。
7、根据权利要求1所述的保险杠组件，其中所述溃压箱包括多块分隔开的壁板，且壁板间距、角度、厚度、以及材质中的至少一项是可选择的。
8、一种用于车辆的吸能梁，所述吸能梁包括一构架、以及从所述构架延伸出的一个梁体，所述梁体包括一第一凸缘板与一第二凸缘板，在所述第一凸缘板与所述第二凸缘板之间形成了一条通道；以及至少一个溃压箱。
9、根据权利要求8所述的吸能梁，其还包括一第一车辆纵梁连接部分和一第二车辆纵梁连接部分，每一所述车辆纵梁连接部分都被构成对准其所对应的车辆纵梁，并被固定到该车辆纵梁上。
10、根据权利要求9所述的吸能梁，其中所述吸能梁是用热塑性材料构成的。
11、根据权利要求9所述的吸能梁，其中所述吸能梁包括一纵长的单体式热塑性材料梁体。
12、根据权利要求9所述的吸能梁，其中所述溃压箱是可调整的。
13、根据权利要求9所述的吸能梁，其中所述溃压箱包括多块分隔开的壁板，且壁板间距、角度、厚度、以及材质中的至少一项是可选择的。
14、一种用于车辆的塑料模制保险杠，所述保险杠包括至少一个溃压箱。
15、根据权利要求14所述的保险杠，其还包括一构架、以及从所述构架延伸出的一个梁体，所述梁体包括一第一凸缘板与一第二凸缘板，在所述第一凸缘板与所述第二凸缘板之间形成了一条通道。
16、根据权利要求14所述的保险杠，其还包括一第一车辆纵梁连接部分和一第二车辆纵梁连接部分，每一所述车辆纵梁连接部分都被构成对准其所对应的车辆纵梁，并被固定到该车辆纵梁上。
17、根据权利要求14所述的保险杠，其中所述保险杠是用热塑性材料构成的。
18、根据权利要求14所述的保险杠，其中所述保险杠包括一纵长的单体式热塑性材料梁体。
19、根据权利要求14所述的保险杠，其中所述溃压箱是可调整的。
20、根据权利要求14所述的保险杠，其中所述溃压箱包括多块分隔开的壁板，且壁板间距、角度、厚度、以及材质中的至少一项是可选择的。
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