CN1551979A - 起电真空板 - Google Patents
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- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L21/00—Vacuum gauges
- G01L21/10—Vacuum gauges by measuring variations in the heat conductivity of the medium, the pressure of which is to be measured
- G01L21/12—Vacuum gauges by measuring variations in the heat conductivity of the medium, the pressure of which is to be measured measuring changes in electric resistance of measuring members, e.g. of filaments; Vacuum gauges of the Pirani type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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Abstract
真空板包括不连续或多孔的填充材料(5),该填充材料(5)被封闭在至少两个隔板(6)之间,该隔板(6)沿着边缘相互接合,一个或多个电极(7,7’)气密设在隔板(6)之间,该电极(7,7’)适合于供电给至少一个设在真空板内的器件(1,2,3,3’,4,4’),特别是用于测量板自身内剩余气体压力(P)的传感器。
Description
本发明涉及一种起电真空板(electrified vacuum panel),更具体的,是涉及一种具有电极(rheophores)的真空板,用来供电给设置在其中的电气或电子器件,例如用于测量真空的传感器。
众所周知,真空板的质量取决于其中的真空度,因此在制造过程中必需测量几个试样内的剩余气体压力,以评估它们的质量。用于进行这种测量的方法采用扩散器件(invasive devices),而该方法通常在实验室手工进行,因而造成成本高、时间长。此外,由于其取样的特点,所述质量控制不能排除在一系列真空板中出现个别次品。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种没有这些缺陷的真空板,也就是,在短时间内可控制其真空度而无损害的真空板。所述目的由这样的真空板实现,该真空板的主要特征规定在权利要求1中,而其它特征规定在以后的权利要求中。
由于板的特殊起电,故本发明的该板可永久容纳传感器,对剩余气体压力进行迅速而精确的测量。
通过这种装置,不仅可在其制造的过程中,而且也可在其安装后长时间内或者定期地、迅速而精确地测定该真空板的质量,从而实现连续检测。
此外,可容易地制造用于起电的导带,并与真空板组装到一起,因为它们优选由相关隔板所用相同的材料,或由与隔板类似或兼容的材料制成。
从下面结合附图对本发明一个实施例的详细和非限制性的描述中,本发明真空板的其它优点及特征对于本领域的技术人员将变得一目了然,其中:
-图1表示本发明这一实施例的真空板局部横截面顶视图;
-图2表示沿图1真空板II-II平面所取局部放大剖视图;以及
-图3和4表示设在图1真空板内压力传感器的两个工作曲线图。
参照图1,本发明目前实施例的真空板内包括压力传感器,该压力传感器包含有优选为圆筒形的外壳1、其中设置有导电材料制成的导线2。外壳1的内部容积远远大于导线2的体积;特别是外壳1的内径d1远远大于导线2的直径d2,即d1>>d2。外壳1的内部与真空板的内部相配连接,以便与其换气。特别是,外壳1可渗透气体,而且它可由无孔材料的管制成,例如具有许多孔的玻璃;或者由多孔材料的管构成,例如陶瓷或矾土。导线2优选由镍、铂或钨制成,也就是具有高电阻温度系数αT和低发射率εf的金属。外壳1的端部设有例如基本上呈锥形或截头圆锥形的两个封闭件3,3’。两个导电端子4,4’再横穿该封闭件3,3’的外端,并且将导线2的端部插入该两个导电端子4,4’内,因而导线2以优选共轴方式拉紧在外壳1的中部,使得暴露在外壳1所含气体中的导线2长度为L。端子4,4’优选由具有低导热性的导电材料,例如钢制成。
在本发明的目前实施例中,按照已知方式,真空板包括被封闭在两个隔板6之间的不连续或多孔填充材料5,通过例如热封使隔板6沿着边缘相互接合起来。
传感器的端子4,4’通过设在隔板6之间的一个或多个电极7,7’与外部电气连接。特别是该电极7,7’优选由两个导带构成,两个导带都包括被封闭在两个绝缘层9之间的导电层8,通过例如热封使绝缘层9沿着边缘相互接合起来。两个导带7,7’的两端另外装有销10,11,前销软焊在端子4或4’上,后销则准备用于连接外部装置。
现在再参照图2,在本实施例中,导带7,7’包括两个绝缘层9,该绝缘层9由一条或多条聚合材料带构成,特别是由一种可热封的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)带构成,该带厚度在50至100μm之间。绝缘层9将特别是由厚度4到10μm之间的铝带构成的导电层8封闭起来。在本发明的其它实施例中,层9可由其它热塑性聚合物制成,例如象聚丙烯腈(PAN),聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚丙烯(PP)或其它聚合物,以及其混合物和共聚物;而导电层8可由其它导电金属制成,例如铜、金和银,或导电聚合物,例如含碘聚乙炔。通过共层压将该导电层8插入绝缘层9之间,该共层压优选通过在层8与9之间放置粘合材料,例如环氧树脂、氰基丙烯酸树脂、聚氨基甲酸乙酯树脂等完成。另一方面,当流过导带7,7’的电流小时,可以这样制造导带7,7’,将作为绝缘层9的两个聚合膜接合在一起,且其中至少一个聚合膜表面涂覆金属,该敷金属面夹在这些膜之间并作为导电层8。
在本发明的目前实施例中,将导带7,7’设在真空板的两个隔板6之间,然后沿着它们的边缘将其密封。之所以优选用热封来密封隔板6的边缘,是因为这些隔板6的构造材料与导带7,7’的绝缘层9所采用的材料相同、相似或在任何情况下都可兼容,而且导带7,7’被软焊在隔板6之间,因而形成良好的气密接合,同时避免电流可能弥散、或与金属层或敷金属层12短路,这种情况可能发生在隔板6的内表面上。
在制造导带7,7’的过程中,优选以基本垂直的方式将销10,11插过导带7,7’,以穿入层8,9,从而实现与导电层8的电气连接。为此,该销10,11与金属件、特定的固定夹13,14相接合,该固定夹13,14的顶端横穿导带7,7’。一旦固定夹13,14的顶端被插入导带7,7’内,就将这些夹在其端部与固定夹13,14之间的导带7,7’的边缘15,16折叠起来,并热封到同一带上,从而封闭并绝缘该固定夹13,14的顶端。采用这种构造,销10,11可自由地向外伸出,同时还可沿着导带7,7’的同一平面被稳固地锁定。
在本发明的其它实施例中,导带7,7’可包括两个或多个相互电隔离的导电层8,例如该导电层8可并排设在绝缘层9之间,或者一个设在另一个上面,再用另一绝缘层9隔开。对于这种构造,可以只采用一个导带,以给真空板起电或者并联给设在板内的电气或电子器件发送数个信号。对于这些导带,还有那些前面所述的,可采用具有两个或多个销的接线端子板,该销适合于穿入绝缘层和导电层的端部,从而实现与真空板内部和/或外部的电气或电子器件的电气连接。
利用外部电源设备(图中未示出)且通过导带7,7’给导线2供电,该外部电源设备供应恒定电流I=I2。当时间t=0时,电流开始流过导线2,由于焦耳效应该导线2变热。如果外壳1内的剩余气体压力P较低,特别是低于0.1百帕斯卡(hPa)时,由于这些气体的热交换很小,因而导线2的温度由初始值Ti逐渐升高至最终高值Tf,根据导线2与外壳1内气体质量之间的热梯度,当散热能
Q f,G等于经过导带7,7’由外部供应的电功率
Q e时,该最终高值Tf,是稳定的。如果外壳1内的剩余气体压力P较高,特别是高于1hPa,当电流I2开始流过导线2时,就立即产生对流式的热交换机理,这种机理使导线2的最终温度Tf基本上等于初始温度Ti。
因此,在低压P时,导线2达到这种稳定状态,即吸收最大电功率Q e,并且由于导线的电阻R在高温Tf下上升,而使其端部呈现最大的电位降ΔV。相反,在高压P时,电阻R和温度Tf、以及由此吸收的电功率Q e和电位降ΔV均为最小值。
图3示出一曲线图,从该图可以看出,在稳定状态下测量的导线2端部的电位差ΔV是如何随着外壳1,即真空板内存在的剩余气体压力P的变化而变化的。
图4示出另一曲线图,从该图可以看出,在剩余气体压力P等于0.1hPa的情况下,在导线2端部测量的电位差ΔV是如何随着时间而产生的。可以看出,达到稳定状态非常迅速、特别在大约5秒时间内就可达到,由此得到测量压力所需的时间。
在本发明的目前实施例中,用外部装置给导线2供电,该外部装置能及时供应恒定电流I2,同时测量导线2端部即销11的电位差ΔV。在这种情况下,由于
Q e=R(Tf)×I2 2,以及在稳定状态下达到的Tf取决于热交换机理,从而也取决于压力P,故在稳定状态下供给导线2的电功率Q e将是压力P和最终温度Tf的函数。
由此显而易见,通过保持电功率
Q e恒定,或者在任何情况下能通过测量导线2端部即销11的电位差ΔV进行测定,便有可能获得真空板内存在的剩余气体压力P。
在不脱离本发明范围的情况下,可对这里描述和举例的本发明实施例作出合理的改变和/或补充。
Claims (18)
1.一种真空板,该真空板包括不连续或多孔的填充材料(5),所述填充材料被封闭在至少两个隔板(6)之间,所述隔板(6)沿着边缘相互接合,其特征在于,一个或多个电极(7,7’)气密地设在所述隔板(6)之间,所述电极(7,7’)适合于供电给至少一个设在所述真空板内的器件(1,2,3,3’,4,4’)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述电极(7,7’)由导带构成,所述导带包括被封闭在至少两个绝缘层(9)之间的至少一导电层(8)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述绝缘层(9)沿着边缘相互接合。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述绝缘层(9)包括一条或多条聚合材料带,所述聚合材料与所述隔板(6)的材料相同、类似或可兼容。
5.根据权利要求4所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述绝缘层(9)包括可热封的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)带。
6.根据权利要求2至5之一所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述绝缘层(9)的厚度在50至100μm之间。
7.根据权利要求2至6之一所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述导电层(8)包括铝带。
8.根据权利要求2至7之一所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述导电层(8)的厚度在4至10μm之间。
9.根据权利要求2至6之一所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述导带(7,7’)包括两个作为所述绝缘层(9)的聚合膜,至少所述两个聚合膜之一具有敷金属表面,所述敷金属表面形成在所述膜之间并作为导电层(8)。
10.根据权利要求2至9之一所述的真空板,其特征在于,通过热封将所述导带(7,7’)与所述真空板的隔板(6)的边缘密封在一起。
11.根据权利要求2至10之一所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述导带(7,7’)的一端或两端上设有销(10,11),用于连接设在所述真空板外部和/或内部的器件。
12.根据权利要求11所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述销(10,11)横穿所述导带(7,7’),从而实现与所述导电层(8)的电气连接。
13.根据权利要求12所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述销(10,11)与设有横穿导带(7,7’)的顶端的固定夹(13,14)相接合,并布置在夹在其端部与所述固定夹(13,14)之间的导带(7,7’)的边缘(15,16)之间,所述边缘(15,16)折叠起来,并热封到所述带(7,7’)上,从而封闭并绝缘所述固定夹(13,14)的顶端。
14.根据前述权利要求之一所述的真空板,其特征在于,设在所述真空板内的所述器件(1,2,3,3’,4,4’)包括传感器,用来测量所述板自身内的剩余气体压力(P)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述传感器包括外壳(1),所述外壳(1)与所述真空板的内部连接,并封闭由导电材料构成的导线(2),所述导线(2)适合于通过电流(I2)且由于焦耳效应变热。
16.根据权利要求15所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述外壳(1)可渗透气体。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述外壳(1)基本上为圆筒形,其直径d1>>d2,其中,d2是所述导线(2)的直径。
18.根据权利要求17所述的真空板,其特征在于,所述外壳(1)的端部设有两个封闭件(3,3’),两个导电端子(4,4’)横穿所述两个封闭件(3,3’),所述导线(2)的端部插入所述两个导电端子(4,4’)内,从而以共轴方式拉紧在所述外壳(1)的中部。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ITMI2002A000319 | 2002-02-18 | ||
IT2002MI000319A ITMI20020319A1 (it) | 2002-02-18 | 2002-02-18 | Pannello evacuato elettrificato |
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CN1551979A true CN1551979A (zh) | 2004-12-01 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CNA038009668A Pending CN1551979A (zh) | 2002-02-18 | 2003-02-07 | 起电真空板 |
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US (1) | US20040160163A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1476737A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2005517921A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20040088502A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1551979A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003215891A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0303121A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2455570A1 (zh) |
IT (1) | ITMI20020319A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA04005229A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2004107130A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2003069296A2 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN103376185A (zh) * | 2004-03-24 | 2013-10-30 | 英特尔公司 | 微制造的热丝真空传感器 |
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NL2007415C2 (nl) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-03-18 | Iq Prof B V | Bouwelement. |
DE102018123944A1 (de) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-02 | Liebherr-Hausgeräte Ochsenhausen GmbH | Vakuumdämmkörper für Kühl- und/oder Gefriergeräte |
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DE3541178A1 (de) * | 1985-11-21 | 1987-05-27 | Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg | Messkopf fuer ein vakuummeter |
US5532034A (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1996-07-02 | Whirlpool Corporation | Getter system for vacuum insulation panel |
FR2780767B1 (fr) * | 1998-07-01 | 2000-10-13 | Agence Spatiale Europeenne | Paroi pour reservoir cryogenique |
US6470821B1 (en) * | 1999-05-26 | 2002-10-29 | Insulated Shipping Containers | Method and apparatus for the evaluation of vacuum insulation panels |
ITMI20012009A1 (it) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-03-27 | Getters Spa | Sistema portatile per misurare la pressione interna di pannelli isolanti evacuati |
-
2002
- 2002-02-18 IT IT2002MI000319A patent/ITMI20020319A1/it unknown
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2003
- 2003-02-07 MX MXPA04005229A patent/MXPA04005229A/es unknown
- 2003-02-07 AU AU2003215891A patent/AU2003215891A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-07 WO PCT/IT2003/000060 patent/WO2003069296A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-07 KR KR10-2004-7012726A patent/KR20040088502A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-07 JP JP2003568367A patent/JP2005517921A/ja active Pending
- 2003-02-07 BR BR0303121-7A patent/BR0303121A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-07 RU RU2004107130/28A patent/RU2004107130A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-07 CA CA002455570A patent/CA2455570A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-07 CN CNA038009668A patent/CN1551979A/zh active Pending
- 2003-02-07 EP EP03739633A patent/EP1476737A2/en not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103376185A (zh) * | 2004-03-24 | 2013-10-30 | 英特尔公司 | 微制造的热丝真空传感器 |
CN103376185B (zh) * | 2004-03-24 | 2016-08-24 | 英特尔公司 | 微制造的热丝真空传感器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ITMI20020319A1 (it) | 2003-08-18 |
AU2003215891A1 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
CA2455570A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
EP1476737A2 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
ITMI20020319A0 (it) | 2002-02-18 |
KR20040088502A (ko) | 2004-10-16 |
WO2003069296A3 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
RU2004107130A (ru) | 2005-03-27 |
US20040160163A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
BR0303121A (pt) | 2004-06-29 |
MXPA04005229A (es) | 2004-10-11 |
WO2003069296A2 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
JP2005517921A (ja) | 2005-06-16 |
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