CN1551724A - 热虹吸管及其制造方法 - Google Patents

热虹吸管及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1551724A
CN1551724A CNA2004100431418A CN200410043141A CN1551724A CN 1551724 A CN1551724 A CN 1551724A CN A2004100431418 A CNA2004100431418 A CN A2004100431418A CN 200410043141 A CN200410043141 A CN 200410043141A CN 1551724 A CN1551724 A CN 1551724A
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thermal siphon
lid
evaporator
condenser
heat
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CN1551724B (zh
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安德斯・诺林
安德斯·诺林
图奥维宁
泽波·图奥维宁
特松
博·本特松
侯锦
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Garan Giese Ltd.
Hydro Extruded Solutions AB
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0233Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0266Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/048Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/42Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations selected or arranged to facilitate heating or cooling
    • H01L23/427Cooling by change of state, e.g. use of heat pipes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/16Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes extruded
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及热虹吸管,特别是用于冷却电子部件。在第一实施例中,热虹吸管这样制造,即通过挤出基座(1)并在该基座中铣出通道结构,以便生成从该基座垂直伸出的多个肋。盖子(3)包括多个从该盖子垂直伸出的肋(4),该盖子(4)布置在散热器通道结构上面,从而形成膨胀通道系统的热虹吸管。在第二实施例中,蒸发器和冷凝器部分分离,并通过管道连接。为了形成在盖子和基座之间的防漏密封,优选是通过摩擦搅动焊接来进行连接。通过提供挤出的热虹吸管,与采用连接时相比能更高效地传热。本发明提供了一种高效制造集成结构的新方法,同时使该结构保持较高的传热。

Description

热虹吸管及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热虹吸管,尤其是用于冷却电子元件。
热量控制是电子仪器组件设计中的关键考虑因素。合适的设计将保证峰值温度保持在规定工作范围内,以便产生可靠模块。主要目的是使半导体装置结温低于模块的最大工作温度。在除热中包含的设计难题是更高电路密度、相邻装置或部件紧紧相邻、低导热系数基质、形成互连的金属内层以及散热系统的热阻。
任何传热设计的目的都是使热能从热源流向限制在特定温度水平的散热器。使电子装置最小、功能更强和处理器更快的潮流趋势导致单位面积的散热量恒定增加。具有越来越紧密的高热流量部件的多芯片模块意味着从内热源到外部最终散热器的各种热阻必须降低。这对冷却和散热技术提出了新的要求。
因为风冷已经接近它的极限,因此,很多研究人员重新注意具有在闭合通道中的相变的液体冷却技术。两种已知的装置特别采用这种相变机构来从电子电路元件中传热:热虹吸管和热管。这些部件通过利用液体-蒸气相变将热量从蒸发器传递给冷凝器,从而利用流体的蒸发热。
热虹吸管具有蒸发器部分、绝热部分和冷凝器部分。在工作时,电子装置产生热量,该热量吸收到热虹吸管的蒸发器部分中,这使得在蒸发器部分中的工作流体蒸发成蒸气。成蒸气形式的工作流体通过绝热部分运动至冷凝器部分,且它在该冷凝器部分中放出它的潜热,并冷凝成液体。该冷凝液体借助于重力从该冷凝器部分返回蒸发器部分。因此,在热虹吸管中,蒸发器总是布置成低于冷凝器。
背景技术
热管由US-6216343可知。该现有技术专利在图3-6中表示了微通道热管的不同实施例。在图6中,使用了波纹形肋元件18,该肋元件18中的材料被除去。这样,通过减少机械加工时间来简化制造。也可以为其它结构,例如跨过整个纵向轴线除去材料,从而只形成开口微毛细管通道,例如在图5中标号22所示。图7表示了根据现有技术的槽机械加工技术制成的热管100。开口毛细管通道102由壳体材料的固体脊104分开。现有技术的微通道热管通过很困难和很费时间的制造技术来制造。
US-6418017公开了通过在电子部件的底盘中钻出的通道内以机械方法刻出纵向槽而制造集成的热管/散热器。该底盘为铸造或模制,并可以包括肋,以便更有效地散热。并没有提及使用挤出作为制造方法。
由GB-2151769可知制造具有内部空腔的挤出散热器,该内部空腔作为热虹吸管(见图8)。空腔进行伸长,没有任何内部构件。这种热虹吸管的冷却效率有限。
在“Thermosyphon concept for cooling of PCB”THERMINICWorkshop,1-4 2002年10月,Madrid中,Rahmatollah,K等人提出了通过使用具有铣出通道系统的铝片来冷却PCB的概念。热虹吸管安装在散热器上,从而并不象本发明那样与它集成在一起。
发明内容
考虑到现有技术的问题和缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种适于批量制造本发明的热虹吸管的方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种热虹吸管,它的传热效率比通过现有技术的热虹吸管获得的传热效率更高。
附图说明
图1a-c表示了本发明的热虹吸管实施例。
图2a表示了本发明优选实施例的热虹吸管。
图2b表示了本发明的可选方案。
图3-8表示了现有技术的散热器结构。
具体实施方式
在图1a中表示了根据第一实施例的集成热虹吸管的原理。工作流体在蒸发器部分中加热,从而使工作流体蒸发,且形成的蒸气沿箭头方向运行,并在冷凝器部分中冷凝回液体。图1b是沿线B-B的剖视图。其中,通过挤出盖子(3)并将挤出型面切成合适长度,从而使蒸发器肋(4)与盖子(3)成一体制成,然后,通过铣削而除去在蒸发器部分外部区域中的肋。图1c表示了沿图1a中的线A-A的冷凝器剖面。该热虹吸管还包括挤出的散热肋(1),该散热肋(1)从基座中伸出。通过使冷凝器部分作为盖子的一部分来挤出,或者使蒸发器部分作为散热器基座的一部分来制造,从而可以获得有相同或相似结果的其它方案。
蒸发器和/或冷凝器部分的肋至少部分通过挤出制成,它们形成具有扩大表面面积的内部结构,从而在工作流体和热虹吸管之间更高效地传热。
参考图2a,图中表示了根据本发明的热虹吸管,该热虹吸管有基座(B)以及从基座上垂直伸出的多个冷凝器肋(A)。包括多个蒸发器肋(E)的盖子布置在通道结构D上,这些蒸发器肋(E)的分开距离小于在冷凝器肋之间的距离,并从盖子上垂直伸出,因此,形成膨胀通道系统的热虹吸管。散热部件(F)安装在盖子的外侧。
通过将盖子和蒸发器肋集成为一个部件,可以消除在盖子和肋之间的接触热阻,这使得热虹吸管更高效。散热肋集成在热虹吸管中,这消除了在冷凝器肋和外部散热肋之间的接触热阻。
图2b表示了可选实施例,与图2a相同的参考字母表示相同部件,其中,冷凝器部分和蒸发器部分分开并通过管道(D)连接,该管道(D)将蒸发的工作介质从蒸发器导向冷凝器,在该冷凝器中,蒸发的工作介质冷凝成液体,并通过重力送回蒸发器。盖子以与第一实施例相同的方式布置在蒸发器和冷凝器部分上。
为了在盖子和散热器之间形成防漏密封,优选是(但不局限于)通过摩擦搅动焊接进行连接。该连接技术在EP-A-615480中进行了介绍。通常,插入要进行焊接的接头区域内的摩擦焊工具(探头)进行轮转运动以便产生塑性材料,并通常横穿过接头区域。当材料冷却时将产生高质量的接头。
通过提供集成的散热器/热虹吸管,能够比当采用连接时更高效地传热。本发明提供了一种高效制造集成结构的新方法,同时使该结构保持较高的传热。
对基座和盖子的材料选择取决于容易进行制造和可靠性维护的应用要求。铝为优选,因为它易于制造,且密度比其它金属更低,但是也可以采用其它金属。
实例
盖子由铝锭挤出,从而形成板,该板有沿其中心从一侧伸出的肋。延伸超过蒸发器的专用区域的肋将通过铣削而除去,以便形成蒸发器部分E,如图2a所示。然后挤出基座,以便形成具有从一侧伸出的散热肋的板。基座的平侧进行机械加工,这样,形成如图2a所示图形的冷凝器通道以及用于装入蒸发器肋的空腔。通过使摩擦搅动焊接工具沿接头(如图1a中的热虹吸管的轮廓所示)运行而使盖子与基座连接。当盖子和基座连接时,构成热虹吸管的密封腔形成于腔室内。蒸发器充满液体。工作流体的选择取决于热虹吸管的工作温度,并可以根据在各个情况下的特殊要求来选择。热源(F)安装在盖子上。在热负载作用下,在蒸发器中的液体的一部分转变成气体,并向上流向冷凝器,在该冷凝器中,蒸气冷凝成液体,并通过液体返回通道流回蒸发器。
尽管已经结合特定的优选实施例特别介绍了本发明,但是应当知道,本领域技术人员显然可以根据前述说明进行变化和改变。例如,蒸发器可以为基座的一部分,而冷凝器为盖子的一部分。所有部分都可以挤出,包括冷凝器的肋以及从用于连接部件的区域中除去的肋。在后一种情况,所有的肋都可以与盖子或散热器基座成一体制造,或者可以制成为盖子或基座的一部分。
通过挤出热虹吸管的一部分或全部,可以简化制造,并提高传热。

Claims (11)

1.一种热虹吸管,包括基座(1)、冷凝器部分(5)和蒸发器部分(4),其通过使用工作流体而从热源(2)传导热量,其特征在于:蒸发器和/或冷凝器部分具有扩大表面面积的内部结构,其中,该内部结构的至少一部分通过挤出而制造。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热虹吸管,其中:冷凝器和蒸发器部分集成在限定的腔室内,该腔室通过盖子(3)密封。
3.根据权利要求2所述的热虹吸管,其中:热虹吸管的挤出部分为盖体的集成部分。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一个所述的热虹吸管,其中:冷凝器和蒸发器部分为分离结构,它们通过传送工作流体的管道来连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的热虹吸管,其中:盖子被挤出,并包括内部结构的至少一部分。
6.根据权利要求2-5中任意一个所述的热虹吸管,其中:盖子通过摩擦搅动焊接来安装。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任意一个所述的热虹吸管,其中:热虹吸管的至少一部分由铝或铝合金制成。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任意一个所述的热虹吸管,其中:该结构包括从基座朝着热虹吸管外部延伸的散热肋。
9.一种制造如权利要求1-8中任意一个所述的热虹吸管的方法,其中:内部结构的至少一部分通过挤出而制造。
10.根据权利要求9所述的、制造热虹吸管的方法,其中:该盖子通过摩擦搅动焊接而安装在基座上。
11.如权利要求1-8所述的热虹吸管的用途是用于冷却电子部件。
CN2004100431418A 2003-05-12 2004-05-12 热虹吸管及其制造方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1551724B (zh)

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CN102338581A (zh) * 2010-07-23 2012-02-01 奇鋐科技股份有限公司 热虹吸板结构
CN103813695A (zh) * 2012-11-13 2014-05-21 台达电子工业股份有限公司 虹吸式散热装置
CN105556232A (zh) * 2014-08-28 2016-05-04 阿威德热合金有限公司 具有一体式部件的热虹吸装置
CN109900146A (zh) * 2019-03-28 2019-06-18 南昌大学 一种带有热虹吸回路的双锥度微通道散热器

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