CN1546607A - Nanometer scale multifunctional sand-fixing water-loss reducer production method - Google Patents
Nanometer scale multifunctional sand-fixing water-loss reducer production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1546607A CN1546607A CNA2003101168552A CN200310116855A CN1546607A CN 1546607 A CN1546607 A CN 1546607A CN A2003101168552 A CNA2003101168552 A CN A2003101168552A CN 200310116855 A CN200310116855 A CN 200310116855A CN 1546607 A CN1546607 A CN 1546607A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a nanometer scale multifunctional sand-fixing water-loss reducer production method by using weathered coal and waste plastics as main raw material through liquid phase phase chemical method and micro emulsifying, high shearing and non-homogeneous phase mixed polymerization technique, which integrates the functions of sand-fixation, water conservation, fertilizer application and soil improvement.
Description
Nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent involved in the present invention is to be main raw material with weathered coal and waste plastic, adopt the liquid phase chemical method, microemulsified, high-shear and heterogeneous mixing are gathered operation, and the nano level micelle infrastructure product that processes is used for reparation of desertification soil and agriculture field.
For defending and controlling sand, foreign study is morning, and widespread use.By its type of defending and controlling sand, can be divided into physics sand control, controlling sediment by plant and chemical sand control.
The physics sand control has two kinds: the one, in the dust storm area barrier is set, and prevented dirt.The 2nd, pebble bed is set on sand ground, prevented dirt.
Controlling sediment by plant is meant that planting grass on sand ground plants trees, and covers sand ground, weakens wind speed, makes sand dune and sand ground no longer stand wind erosion, is permanently fixed.
Chemical sand-fixing (or sand control) originates from nineteen thirties, and drilling well in the desert and scout adopt crude oil to spray sand dune on every side, with protection derrick, equipment and personnel's safety and production in order to prevent and treat the harm of dust storm.Along with science and technology development, chemical sand control material category is more and more, and the source of pressing raw material can reduce following a few class:
(1) native chemical sand control material
Refer to crude substance or existing Chemicals, do not need to process the material that can be directly used in sand control.As peat, clay, cement, water glass, blast-furnace slag, crude oil, pitch, spent pulping liquor, mud, feces of livestock and poultry etc.
(2) manually prepare chemical sand control material
Be meant the material that forms through chemical treatment or emulsification, as silicate emulsion, emulsified bitumen or cut oil product, modified water glass slurries etc.
(3) synthetic chemistry sand control material
Utilize the modern chemical industry synthetic technology, certain class or the polymerization of a few class material monomer or condensation are formed.As sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, urea-formaldehyde resin, polyvinyl acetate emulsion, polyvinyl alcohol, methacrylic ester, vibrin, urethane resin, synthetic rubber latex etc.
In recent years, China's railway is also at the chemical sand control material that uses external import, because cost is too high, only heavy Wind-sandy Area is used in the part.
Sum up experience both domestic and external, big area, defend and control sand on a large scale, the method that must adopt chemical sand-fixing to combine with controlling sediment by plant just adopts chemicals at first sand to be fixed, and sets up the artificial vegetation then or recovers natural vegetation.In the soil arid area, because quantity of precipitation is few, soil moisture content is low, therefore when the chemical sand control agent of development, must possess and fix the sand and the water conservation dual-use function, could create stable ecotope.Simultaneously, organic-inorganic composite is learned sand fixation material will become the research focus, and organic materials and inorganic materials compound had complementary advantages, and can improve the performance of sand fixation material.Organic adding has reduced the fragility of inorganics, has improved toughness, and inorganics has improved organic high-temperature stability and resistance to deterioration.
The objective of the invention is that agent is used for the sand control production practice as sand-fixation, water-keeping in order to seek a kind of cheap practical organic materials and the mixture of inorganic materials.
The present invention is by adopting the liquid phase chemical method, microemulsified, high-shear and the heterogeneous technology of gathering of mixing, with weathered coal and waste plastic is that main raw material is prepared into the nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent aqueous solution, be mainly used in desertification and sandy land reparation, also can be used for the sand improvement, dry farming and forest, lawn water conservation, water saving, water-maintaining slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer coating cementing agent, coating agent for seed, the expressway slope greening.
Detailed description of the present invention
1 nano level humic acid mixes the polymers production technique
1.1 material choice
(1) the weathered coal content of humic acid is more than 45%, and Ca content is more than 5%, and Si content is more than 1%.Do not formulate at present the national standard of weathered coal as yet, to the material composition analysis, heavy metal content must meet national standard by " pollutent control criterion in the agricultural flyash of GB8173-87 ".
(2) plastics are selected depleted polystyrene foamed plastics, plastics film (comprising food bag) and mixed plastic goods.2 production technique
(1) raw material stoving, ball mill is pulverized, and crosses 200 mesh sieve holes (sieve diameter 0.074mm)
(2) add 20% dilute sulphuric acid and 10% dilute hydrochloric acid mixed acid solution in the reactor of band whipping appts, the hydrochloric acid add-on is decided on calcium, silicon compound content, weathered coal and H
2SO
4-HCl mass ratio is 1: 2, reaction times 1.5～2.0h.Chemical reaction is neutralized to about pH7.0 with lime slurry after finishing.
(3) add the dispersion agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, add-on is 5%～10%, stirs.
(4) above-mentioned resultant of reaction is put into High shear device (seeing the 02123522.8 application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on July 2nd, 2002), and rotating speed 30,000 r/min about high-shear time 10min, promptly generate the nano level humic acid and mix polymers.2 nano level waste plastic-starch mix the polymers production technique
(seeing the 02125678.0 application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on July 26th, 2002)
(1) waste plastic sorting, cleaning, drying are pulverized.
(2) dissolution with solvents: this technology selects for use ethyl acetate to make solvent, and mixed plastic dissolves with ethyl acetate and dimethylbenzene mixing solutions (ratio 1: 1).All place 12～24h.
(3) emulsification: the ethyl acetate solution of polystyrene plastic adds the emulsification of tween-80 tensio-active agent, and the limit edged stirs, and till turning white to solution colour, the tween-80 add-on is 1%～5%; Mixed waste plastic solution adds the emulsification of Tween-60 tensio-active agent, and add-on is 1%～5%.
(4) preparation of the nano level plastics aqueous solution is in High shear device (02123522.8 application for a patent for invention that the inventor submitted on July 2nd, 2002), one side high speed shear (10,000 r/min), add 5%～10% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate aqueous solution on one side, the volume of add-on and plastics emulsified soln is (1: 1) substantially quite.Continue high-shear (30,000 r/min) 10～15min.
(5) preparation of cross-linking starch solution
A. starch pasting: with cold water starch (wheat, corn, potato) is disperseed (starch concentration is 15%～20%), under agitation heat 60～90 ℃ of (look starch kind difference, temperature is variant slightly) gelatinization 1h, be cooled to room temperature (20～35 ℃) again.
B. cross-linking starch: transfer pH to 2.0～3.0 with sulfuric acid, slowly add 40% industrial formol again, add-on is 0.7%～0.8% of an amount of starch, is warming up to about 40 ℃, stirs 30～60min.The cooling back adds ammoniacal liquor and transfers about pH to 7 unnecessary formaldehyde and NH
3React.
(6) nano level plastics-starch micelle mixes the polymers preparation
The waste plastic aqueous solution is mixed with cross-linking starch solution, and the volume ratio is 1: 1, and (30,000 r/min) high-shear 5～10min in high-speed shearing equipment promptly becomes nano level waste plastic-starch micelle and mixes polywater solution.For preventing skinning on the liquid level, add 0.01% Diacetylmonoxime.
3 nitrogen, phosphorus, the preparation of potassic fertilizer mixed aqueous solution
(1) raw material: urea, ammonium phosphate, Repone K
(2) ratio: N-P
2O
5-K
2O=1-0.5-0.5
(3) put into 70-80 ℃ of hot water after the mixing, dissolving while stirring is till dissolving fully.
4 nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent producing process
In the emulsify at a high speed decollator, add the nano level humic acid respectively and mix polymers, the mixed polymers of nano level plastics-starch and the NPK fertilizers aqueous solution, ratio is 1: 0.3-0.6: 0.5-1 (nitrogen phosphorus aqueous solutions of potassium add-on is decided on sand-fixation, water-keeping agent solid content), under 20,000 r/min conditions, stir 15～20min, promptly generate the agent of heterogeneous nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping.
5 nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent quality index
Table 1 sand-fixation, water-keeping agent quality index
| Project | Nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent index |
| Outward appearance | Translucent black mucus |
| Solid content (%) | ?????20～25 |
| Water-soluble | Water-soluble entirely |
| Viscosity (is coated with-4 glasss, Pa.s) | ?????20～22 |
| The pH value | ?????7.0 |
| Granularity (nm) | ?????20～100 |
| Incendivity | Do not burn |
| Stability (10～70 ℃) | There is not precipitation |
| Preservation period (month, 20 ℃) | ?????6 |
| ???N、P 2O 5、K 2O content (%) | ?????N2.0％，P 2O 5?1.0％，K 2O?1.0％ |
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent producing process schema
Fig. 2 nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent electromicroscopic photograph (5-100nm)
Advantage of the present invention
(1) the present technique product integrate fix the sand, water conservation, tax are fertile, the improvement Sandy land.
(2) desertification and sandy land have hole between the grains of sand, after measured, its pore size more than 8 μ m, moisture be easy to by, water holding capacity is very poor. This sand-fixation, water-keeping agent micelle diameter is all in 100nm, except boning, reduce the hole with the grains of sand, sand-fixation, water-keeping agent micelle contains functional group or exists electrically, can produce charge effect, intramolecular force effect between they and the grains of sand, form continuous or discontinuous network structure, thereby delay the moisture evaporation, have preferably water retaining function.
(3) present technique employing weathered coal and waste plastic are the main material of sand-fixation, water-keeping agent, and weathered coal contains abundant humic acid organic matter, contains again calcium and silicon inorganic constituents, with the lime slurry neutralization acid-base value, has strengthened the compression strength of material in manufacturing process. Adding the mixed polymers of nanoscale waste plastic-starch, is in order to improve its bonding and water retention property.
Experiment 1
The test of desertification soil is repaired in the agent of nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping
1 bonding course ultimate compression strength
Select Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region desertification soil for use, chestnut soil, quality is husky earth, is prepared into to fix the sand standard specimen.The sand-fixation agent usage quantity is 0.3g/cm
2The time, bonding course ultimate compression strength is 6.36Mpa; Usage quantity 0.4g/cm
2The time ultimate compression strength be 9.83Mpa; Usage quantity 0.5g/cm
2The time ultimate compression strength can reach 16.10Mpa.All above in the world to the requirement of sand fixing strength 1Mpa.
2 stability
Repetition test is 12 times in-10～70 ℃ of scopes, does not find deposited phenomenon.
3 bonding course freezing and thawing performances
To fix the sand standard specimen is placed on 6h in-20 ℃ of icehouses, puts into 60 ± 1 ℃ of thermostatic chambers after taking out again and places 6h, 12 times repeatedly.Test-results, the weight free of losses of standard specimen.Ultimate compression strength increases by 5.5%～10.2%.
4 ageing-resistant performances
Through ultraviolet Continuous irradiation 300h, fixing the sand the standard specimen rate of weight loss is 0.2～0.5%, and the ultimate compression strength rate of loss is 1.0%～1.3%, no matter is the color or the equal no change of profile of test specimen, has shown good resistance to deterioration.
5 water-retentivitys
Test is located in this institute solarium, and soil is taken from Changping, Beijing country's soil fertility and fertilizer benefit monitoring base, brown moisture soil, quality silt loam.
Soil water evaporation test blank has evaporated 99.8% in 95.8%, 15 day accumulative total of 10 day time moisture evaporation under the planting conditions 5.1 do not have.The agent of nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping is handled 65 days accumulative total and is evaporated 97.4%.
5.2 the water conservation test is under plantation rye grass condition under the planting conditions, in 60 day time, blank soil moisture rate of loss is 57.28%, and nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent treatment group soil moisture rate of loss is 14.10%.
The trend of the bright careless output of rye grass is opposite with the soil water evaporation rate of loss, and it is the highest that output is handled in the agent of nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping, is the 14.5kg/ pond, the contrast mean yield be the 3.6kg/ pond (cement pit is long * loose * deeply=70cm * 70cm * 150cm).The treatment group comparison is according to 3 times of volume increase.Under the condition that waits N, P, K nutrient, contrast output is minimum, and its basic reason is the number of soil moisture content, and the water conservation effect of this multifunctional sand-fixation water-holding agent is described; In addition, the N in the processing, P, K nutrient and nanometer micelle form complex compound, have slow releasing function, have improved utilization rate of fertilizer.
6 wind1 tunnel trials
Soil is taken from desertification soil, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the quality sandy soil, and sand table is made (the sand table outside dimension is 35 * 35cm, dish inside dimension 30 * 30, interior high 4.0cm) by standard size.With 5 times of nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent dilute with waters, be sprayed on the sand table surface, consumption 0.40g/cm
2(mother liquor) places 24h, blows 30min continuously at wind speed 15m/s, 25m/s (being equivalent to strong gale), and wind speed 30m/s (being equivalent to hurricane) blows 5min, do not seen dirt and wind erosion phenomenon.
Claims (4)
1. the production technology of nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent, it is characterized in that adopting the liquid phase chemical method, microemulsified, high-shear and the heterogeneous technology of gathering of mixing, with weathered coal and waste plastic is that main raw material is prepared into the nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent aqueous solution, is mainly used in desertification and sandy land reparation, also can be used for the sand improvement, dry farming and forest, lawn water conservation, water saving, water-maintaining slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer coating cementing agent, coating agent for seed, expressway slope greening; Its production method mainly is made up of following process, and promptly nano level weathered coal humic acid mixes polymers preparation, the mixed polymers preparation of nano level waste plastic-starch, the preparation of nitrogen phosphorus aqueous solutions of potassium, nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent preparation.
2. according to the production technique of right 1 described nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent, it is characterized by weathered coal is dried levigate mistake 200 mesh sieve holes, sieve diameter is equivalent to 0.074mm, adds rare H in reactor
2SO
4-HCl mixing solutions, the HCL add-on is decided on Ca, Si compounds content in the weathered coal, adds the weathered coal after pulverizing while stirring, weathered coal and rare H
2SO
4The mass ratio of-HCl solution is 1: 2, reaction times 1.5～2h, chemical reaction finishes the back and is neutralized to about pH7.0 with lime slurry, add the dispersion agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate again, add-on 5%～10%, put into the High shear device that 02123522.8 application for a patent for invention that the inventor submitted on July 2nd, 2002 proposes after stirring, with about 30,000 r/min high-shear 10min, promptly generate the nano level humic acid and mix polymers.
3. according to the production technique of right 1 described nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent, it is characterized by the technology in 02125678.0 application for a patent for invention that the inventor submitted on July 26th, 2002 that adopts, be about to the waste plastic sorting, clean, dry, pulverize, dissolving, put into the High shear device that application for a patent for invention that the inventor submitted on July 2nd, 2002 proposes after the emulsification, one side is with the speed high speed shear of 10,000 r/min, one side adds 5%～10% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate aqueous solution in 1: 1 ratio, continue high-shear 10～15min with 30,000 r/min then, be the nano level plastics micelle aqueous solution, add the cross-linking starch solution that 02125678.0 patent application proposition technology that the inventor submitted on July 26th, 2002 is produced again, the volume ratio is 1: 1,30,000 r/min high-shears, 5～10min in high-speed shearing equipment promptly becomes nano level waste plastic-starch and mixes the polymers aqueous solution.
4. according to the production technique of right 1 described nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping agent, it is characterized by in the emulsify at a high speed decollator, in 1: the ratio of 0.3-0.6 adds the nano level humic acid respectively and mixes polymers, the mixed polymers of nano level waste plastic-starch, the NPK fertilizers aqueous solution, in the emulsify at a high speed decollator under the 20000 r/min conditions, stir 15～20min, promptly generate the agent of heterogeneous nano-scale multifunctional sand-fixation, water-keeping.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101810164A (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2010-08-25 | 北京林业大学 | Drought resisting coating composite, coating seed and coating method of tree seeds |
| CN106149668A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2016-11-23 | 中国科学院成都有机化学有限公司 | A kind of method utilizing weathered coal to fix the sand |
| CN108841390A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-20 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of cation trigonella bean gum-humic acid sand-consolidating agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN109490041A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-19 | 重庆交通大学 | A kind of test method of test chemical modifying front and back soil body Erosion Law |
| CN113605349A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-11-05 | 成都理工大学 | Novel high polymer nano ecological sand fixation material and reinforcement method thereof |
-
2003
- 2003-12-01 CN CN 200310116855 patent/CN1249199C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101810164A (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2010-08-25 | 北京林业大学 | Drought resisting coating composite, coating seed and coating method of tree seeds |
| CN101810164B (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2012-12-12 | 北京林业大学 | Drought resisting coating composite, coating seed and coating method of tree seeds |
| CN106149668A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2016-11-23 | 中国科学院成都有机化学有限公司 | A kind of method utilizing weathered coal to fix the sand |
| CN106149668B (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2018-06-08 | 中国科学院成都有机化学有限公司 | A kind of method fixed the sand using weathered coal |
| CN108841390A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-20 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of cation trigonella bean gum-humic acid sand-consolidating agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN108841390B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2021-08-24 | 陕西科技大学 | Cationic fenugreek gum-humic acid sand-fixing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN109490041A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-19 | 重庆交通大学 | A kind of test method of test chemical modifying front and back soil body Erosion Law |
| CN113605349A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-11-05 | 成都理工大学 | Novel high polymer nano ecological sand fixation material and reinforcement method thereof |
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|---|---|
| CN1249199C (en) | 2006-04-05 |
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