CN105481544A - Organic fertilizer specially used for tuber crops in barren lands, and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer specially used for tuber crops in barren lands, and a preparation method thereof. The organic fertilizer is prepared from, by weight, urban sludge, vermiculite, an enzyme agent, bentonite, sawdust, rice husk dung, glucose, dried cow dung, monopotassium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium humate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, and an appropriate amount of water. The organic fertilizer is prepared via combination of organic matters and inorganic matters; nutritional substances beneficial for nutrition balance are generated via microbial fermentation at an earlier stage; at the same time, the organic fertilizer can be used for promoting fruitage and increasing yield at fruiting period; N, P, and K contents, especially N content are increased; nitrogen absorptive amount accounts for more than 25%; and adjustment of the relationship of the mineral elements is a key factor.

Description

Sweet tuber crops organic fertilizer special of a kind of poor and barren land and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the Technology field of fertilizer, be specifically related to sweet tuber crops organic fertilizer special of a kind of poor and barren land and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

Because of the needs that hydro project etc. is built and safeguarded, China all will dredge mud to river course every year on a large scale, thus producing a large amount of mud, mud has the features such as water content is high, void ratio is large, compressibility is large, intensity is low, organic content is very abundant, and mud is owing to being under water for a long time, loosely organized, void ratio is very large, and its water content is very high, reaches 120 ~ 180%, in addition the natural structure intensity of mud is very low, so mud is often in the liquid form of flowing.

To the particle cumulative percentage content particle diameter of mud, sieved by grain size analysis and send out and densimeter method simultaneous determination, obtaining clay content is 16.7%, and silt content is 74.7%, and the content of sand grains is 8.6%.The feature of youngster's municipal sludge is: the specific surface area of particle is little, granular absorption ability, and blocking characteristics to each other reduces, so higher for the process fixed line difficulty of municipal sludge.

The mineral constituents simultaneously detecting mud finds, be main mainly with quartz sand greatly, clay is mineral kaolin, montmorillonite, and illite, chemical composition is with SiO ₂be main, common mud fixed line process be add a certain amount of cement, lime etc. as solidify material, then make water content complete below 40% after being dewatered by the desilting process machinery of environment protection-type.

Because soil erosion, dyke lack the impact that shore protection adds human factor, on average often economizing about 60,000 km river channel sedimentation total amounts has reached 2,000,000,000 m at present ³, every annual siltation volume 100,000,000 m ³.Wherein the mud of municipal sewage system etc. directly affects the life health water product of people, and cause sewer blockage, the smell is awful, bacteria breed; It is smooth that alluvial causes river course flood to be drained flooded fields, and storage capacity reduces, and water supply, drought-resistant ability decline, and shipping atrophy, water pollution, water environment situation worsens increasingly.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is in order to alleviate city river, major trunk roads riverbed silting problem for many years, invents a kind of microbiocidal organic fertilizer utilizing municipal sludge to be bacteria carrier, plays the effect that refuse fills utilization, the strategic objective of Promote Sustainable Development, realizes particular by following method:

The sweet tuber crops organic fertilizer special of a kind of poor and barren land, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part: municipal sludge 70 ~ 85, vermiculite 7 ~ 10, enzyme agent 5 ~ 8, wilkinite 10 ~ 15, wood sawdust 20 ~ 25, powdered rice hulls 45 ~ 60, glucose 10 ~ 16, dry cow dung 55 ~ 70, potassium primary phosphate 20 ~ 25, ammonium nitrate 30 ~ 45, potassium humate 12 ~ 16, phosphate fertilizer 15 ~ 20, urea 5 ~ 10 and appropriate water;

Described linking agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: cement 4 ~ 6, terra alba 12 ~ 18, toxilic acid 3 ~ 6, lignin sulfonic acid 1 ~ 3, polyacrylic ester 15 ~ 20, industrial plam oil 10 ~ 15, Natvosol 1 ~ 3, ethanol 10 ~ 14, acetone 3 ~ 6 and water 100; Preparation method is: be mixed to join in reactor by ethanol, water and acetone, be heated to 75 ~ 90 DEG C of insulations, then polyacrylic ester and toxilic acid is added, constantly be stirred to dissolving, industrial plam oil, Natvosol and wooden sodium sulfonate is added after completing, insulation also becomes thick liquid to bubble after the composite 1.5 ~ 2h of the rotating speed of 200 ~ 250r/min stirring, last mixed cement and terra alba, micronizing crosses 80 ~ 120 mesh sieves, adds and becomes homogeneous emulsion after stirring froth breaking in aforementioned total material and get final product.

A preparation method for the sweet tuber crops organic fertilizer special of poor and barren land, is characterized in that, comprise following step:

(1) municipal sludge is put into stirrer high-speed stirring, then centrifugal on the whizzer of rotating speed 200 ~ 300r/min, remove the blue or green liquid in top layer and lower floor's macrobead residue, sposh in the middle of retaining;

(2) vermiculite power was broken into the pulvis of 20 ~ 40 mesh sieves, in the sposh that mixed cross-linker joins described in (1), stirring and evenly mixing, then dries under 90 ~ 115 DEG C of conditions, and then is ground into the granule of particle diameter 0.5 ~ 1mm particle diameter;

(3) by the water mixed diluting of enzyme agent and 30 times of its weight parts, add the granule described in (2), whip attachment 2 ~ 4h under normal temperature, becomes modified particles agent;

(4) mixed phosphate potassium dihydrogen, ammonium nitrate, potassium humate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, add the water of 3 ~ 5 times of its weight parts, heated and stirred is dissolved, and during the mixing being then added to mixed wilkinite, wood sawdust and other remaining component is always expected, mechanical ball milling is to homogenate shape;

(5) the modified particles agent described in (3) is joined in the homogenate described in (4), fully mix, then by spray granulating, make the spherical granules of particle diameter 0.4 ~ 0.7cm.

The mud organic content detecting city lotus pool reaches more than 9.6%, higher than nearly 2.5 times of general soil, clay mineral comparision contents is wherein high, by the understanding to municipal sludge, what emphasis utilized it is its higher organic content, loose porous structure, trickle Soil structure makes it possess certain natural characterization of adsorption simultaneously, invention mud is pulled out rear stirrer to stir from river course etc., then the rare earth clay part on centrifugal top layer, filter out the oarse-grained quartz sand particle of lower floor and impurity, the special binding agent of invention is added in the rare earth earth on upper strata, well-bonded post-drying becomes solid block, again the molecule agent of 40 ~ 60 mesh sieves was pulverized again, there is very strong absorption property, it self is a kind of particle of porous simultaneously, its abundant organic matter contained is conducive to the apposition growth of microorganism, then integrally microbial fertilizer is made, be conducive to microbic activity, the vigor of lasting maintenance microorganism, material source itself is the city being suitable for microorganism growth, the mud in river course, so be suitable for microbial growth breeding, microorganism not easily makes a variation, for microbial fertilizer, greatly can extend the action time of fertilizer.

Invention is particularly paid attention to for the selection of binding agent, because riverway sludge is rarer, structural instability, mutual viscous weak effect, invention adopts cement, lime as the carrier of basic solidification, other blast-furnace slags selected and desulfurated plaster effect are all not as the former, and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits selects polyacrylic ester and polyvinyl alcohol to add as a comparison, find the better effects if of polyacrylic ester.

The principle of solidification is that solidify material is by a series of water suction, hydrolysis, hydration reaction, gel-like substance (hydrated calcium silicate) is produced on the surface of sludge granules, form irreversible sclerosis shell, make it that there is certain stability, simultaneously, the hydrated product with gelling properties defines reticulated structure between sludge granules, produces complex-shaped space.

Ca(OH in the colloid of cement) ₂and Ca ²⁺, OH ^-coexist, and form in the clay of mud usually with Na ⁺and K ⁺, the Ca of precipitation ²⁺the resultant Ca(OH exchanging and make cement can be adsorbed with it) ₂there is strong adsorption activity, and this further can make closely to be connected between each composition, form chain-like structure, become stable connection.The cementation of the hydrates such as the hydrated calcium silicate that the intensity of cement-earth mainly produces from hydrated cementitious, Ca(OH in cement-earth pore water) ₂in undersaturated situation, soil property is to OH ^-, CaO, Ca ²⁺absorption by reducing the growing amount of hydrated calcium silicate, cause strength of cement to reduce, use the combination of cement and terra alba just in time to make up mutual defect, reach comparatively perfect result.

Macromolecule thickener Natvosol joins in binding agent can produce Chemical bond, has bonding film forming, the effect of thickening, protective material etc., and bonding soil particle, reduces the planar water of soil; Help solidifying agent to be used to reduce the resin additive saturation properties in bonding, increase the resin of unsaturated character, increase the characteristic that is cross-linked to each other, screened toxilic acid, recklessly horse acid, sodium carbonate, potassium aluminium sulfate etc. respectively as experiment, found the best results of toxilic acid.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, sweet potato, potatos etc. belong to the farm crop of root system class or tubers, the fruit of this kind of crop is larger, the oxygen requirement of specific period is surprising, also Seedling Stage will be ensured simultaneously, the vitality such as growth period, hypogenetic seedling also directly can affect the output of fruiting period, here the organic fertilizer of organic-inorganic mix and match is adopted, utilize early stage fermentable to produce and be easy to nutritive substance balanced in nutrition, use fertilizer of the present invention also can promote result at fruiting period simultaneously, increase yield, specially N is increased, P, the content of K, especially N, the absorbed dose of nitrogen accounts for total more than 25%, so the relation adjusted between each mineral is also very crucial.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

The sweet tuber crops organic fertilizer special of a kind of poor and barren land, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part (Kg): municipal sludge 80, vermiculite 8, enzyme agent 7, wilkinite 12, wood sawdust 24, powdered rice hulls 55, glucose 12, dry cow dung 60, potassium primary phosphate 22, ammonium nitrate 40, potassium humate 12 ~ 16, phosphate fertilizer 16, urea 7 and appropriate water;

Described linking agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: cement 5, terra alba 14, toxilic acid 4, lignin sulfonic acid 2, polyacrylic ester 17, industrial plam oil 12, Natvosol 1, ethanol 11, acetone 5 and water 100; Preparation method is: be mixed to join in reactor by ethanol, water and acetone, be heated to 75 ~ 90 DEG C of insulations, then polyacrylic ester and toxilic acid is added, constantly be stirred to dissolving, industrial plam oil, Natvosol and wooden sodium sulfonate is added after completing, insulation also becomes thick liquid to bubble after the composite 1.5 ~ 2h of the rotating speed of 200 ~ 250r/min stirring, last mixed cement and terra alba, micronizing crosses 80 ~ 120 mesh sieves, adds and becomes homogeneous emulsion after stirring froth breaking in aforementioned total material and get final product.

A preparation method for the sweet tuber crops organic fertilizer special of poor and barren land, is characterized in that, comprise following step:

(1) municipal sludge is put into stirrer high-speed stirring, then centrifugal on the whizzer of rotating speed 200 ~ 300r/min, remove the blue or green liquid in top layer and lower floor's macrobead residue, sposh in the middle of retaining;

(2) vermiculite power was broken into the pulvis of 20 ~ 40 mesh sieves, in the sposh that mixed cross-linker joins described in (1), stirring and evenly mixing, then dries under 90 ~ 115 DEG C of conditions, and then is ground into the granule of particle diameter 0.5 ~ 1mm particle diameter;

(3) by the water mixed diluting of enzyme agent and 30 times of its weight parts, add the granule described in (2), whip attachment 2 ~ 4h under normal temperature, becomes modified particles agent;

(4) mixed phosphate potassium dihydrogen, ammonium nitrate, potassium humate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, add the water of 3 ~ 5 times of its weight parts, heated and stirred is dissolved, and during the mixing being then added to mixed wilkinite, wood sawdust and other remaining component is always expected, mechanical ball milling is to homogenate shape;

(5) the modified particles agent described in (3) is joined in the homogenate described in (4), fully mix, then by spray granulating, make the spherical granules of particle diameter 0.4 ~ 0.7cm.

Use the test that the sweet tuber crops organic fertilizer special of a kind of poor and barren land of the present invention is planted for poor and barren land sweet potato, select 5 mu of sweet potato fields, fertilizer of the present invention is discharged into field by every mu of 150 ~ 200kg as base manure, 5 mu of sweet potato fields of control group are left intact, other curing condition and water and fertilizer management are all identical, result confirms: the sweet potato growing way of experimental group is better, reduces the usage quantity of later stage chemical fertilizer, output increased nearly 20%.

Claims (2)

1. the sweet tuber crops organic fertilizer special of poor and barren land, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part: municipal sludge 70 ~ 85, vermiculite 7 ~ 10, enzyme agent 5 ~ 8, wilkinite 10 ~ 15, wood sawdust 20 ~ 25, powdered rice hulls 45 ~ 60, glucose 10 ~ 16, dry cow dung 55 ~ 70, potassium primary phosphate 20 ~ 25, ammonium nitrate 30 ~ 45, potassium humate 12 ~ 16, phosphate fertilizer 15 ~ 20, urea 5 ~ 10 and appropriate water;

Described linking agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: cement 4 ~ 6, terra alba 12 ~ 18, toxilic acid 3 ~ 6, lignin sulfonic acid 1 ~ 3, polyacrylic ester 15 ~ 20, industrial plam oil 10 ~ 15, Natvosol 1 ~ 3, ethanol 10 ~ 14, acetone 3 ~ 6 and water 100; Preparation method is: be mixed to join in reactor by ethanol, water and acetone, be heated to 75 ~ 90 DEG C of insulations, then polyacrylic ester and toxilic acid is added, constantly be stirred to dissolving, industrial plam oil, Natvosol and wooden sodium sulfonate is added after completing, insulation also becomes thick liquid to bubble after the composite 1.5 ~ 2h of the rotating speed of 200 ~ 250r/min stirring, last mixed cement and terra alba, micronizing crosses 80 ~ 120 mesh sieves, adds and becomes homogeneous emulsion after stirring froth breaking in aforementioned total material and get final product.

2. the preparation method of the sweet tuber crops organic fertilizer special of a kind of poor and barren land according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise following step:

(1) municipal sludge is put into stirrer high-speed stirring, then centrifugal on the whizzer of rotating speed 200 ~ 300r/min, remove the blue or green liquid in top layer and lower floor's macrobead residue, sposh in the middle of retaining;

(2) vermiculite power was broken into the pulvis of 20 ~ 40 mesh sieves, in the sposh that mixed cross-linker joins described in (1), stirring and evenly mixing, then dries under 90 ~ 115 DEG C of conditions, and then is ground into the granule of particle diameter 0.5 ~ 1mm particle diameter;

(3) by the water mixed diluting of enzyme agent and 30 times of its weight parts, add the granule described in (2), whip attachment 2 ~ 4h under normal temperature, becomes modified particles agent;

(4) mixed phosphate potassium dihydrogen, ammonium nitrate, potassium humate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, add the water of 3 ~ 5 times of its weight parts, heated and stirred is dissolved, and during the mixing being then added to mixed wilkinite, wood sawdust and other remaining component is always expected, mechanical ball milling is to homogenate shape;

(5) the modified particles agent described in (3) is joined in the homogenate described in (4), fully mix, then by spray granulating, make the spherical granules of particle diameter 0.4 ~ 0.7cm.