CN104193302A - Clay ceramsite for light roof-greening and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Clay ceramsite for light roof-greening and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104193302A CN104193302A CN201410409355.6A CN201410409355A CN104193302A CN 104193302 A CN104193302 A CN 104193302A CN 201410409355 A CN201410409355 A CN 201410409355A CN 104193302 A CN104193302 A CN 104193302A
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Abstract
The invention provides clay ceramsite for light roof-greening and a preparation method thereof. The clay ceramsite comprises the following raw materials: natural clay, dolomite, water, industrial oxalic acid and a surfactant. The preparation method comprises the following steps of pretreatment of the raw materials, namely crushing the natural clay, and grinding dolomite into dolomite powder; mixing the crushed natural clay with water to obtain clay slurry and standing; mixing the clay slurry with industrial oxalic acid to obtain an oxalic acid mixture; mixing the oxalic acid mixture, the dolomite powder and the surfactant to obtain a dolomite mixture; calcining the dolomite mixture at a high temperature to obtain a clay ceramic block; and crushing the clay ceramic block, sieving and sorting to obtain the clay ceramsite. The clay ceramsite has the characteristics of small volume weight and good compression performance and water absorption capability and can be repeatedly used and the porous structure is prevented from destroying; the preparation method has the advantages of simple steps, strong operability, low preparation cost, no addition of toxic and hazardous substances and no pollution to the environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of leca for light roof greening and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of leca for light roof greening taking natural clay, rhombspar as raw material and preparation method thereof, belongs to roof greening field.
Background technology
Roof greening is as a kind of landscaping greening form that is different from ground greening, its environment, ecology and aesthstic benefit are approved by more people gradually, compare ground greening, roof greening is the most outstanding is characterised in that roof greening belongs to artificial greening, is subject to the restriction of roof weight capacity, roof natural condition (comprising illumination, moisture, wind-force, temperature etc.), maintenance level and other correlation technique level.Roof greening form is various, and traditional roof greening is just indiscriminately imitated the afforestation mode on ground on roof substantially, only can adapt to the W/S roof of only a few and the growth conditions without adverse circumstance, has limited the universal of roof greening; Modern popular roof greening, emphasis is to study how to overcome the conditions such as roof weight capacity is little, plant growth environment is severe, reduce as much as possible construction, maintenance cost and maintenance difficulty, roof greening is universal to greatest extent, and towards the future development of light roof greening.Compared with heavy roof greening, two large subject matters of restriction light roof greening development are the plants of suitable growth medium and suitable growth, light roof greening requires to alleviate as much as possible roof bearing capacity, therefore the growth medium that accounts for total system weight proportion maximum, plant-growth is had the greatest impact is had higher requirement.
Present Domestic is outer can summarize and be divided three classes by its source for the material of roof greening plant growth medium, natural soils, through adding improvement soil and the cultivation matrix of amendment.Cultivation matrix also claims soilless culture substrate, artificial soil or nutraceutical matrix sometimes, generally refer to and utilize natural mineral, industrial or agricultural organic-inorganic waste simple substance or mixing/complex body, substantially possessed water, fertilizer, gas, heat etc. be similar to natural soils can be for the Fertility Characteristics of plant-growth, but most plants growth medium all exists different problems, as easy fragmentation, water suction rate variance, less economical etc., below plant growth medium and the material property thereof for using in common roof greening:
1. Horticulture Peat, the main organic culture substrate that roof greening uses, wherein peat, cellulosic content are greater than 80%, and under saturation water condition, unit weight is at 500kg/m
3left and right, pH value is 5.5～6.0, and Horticulture Peat easily decomposes in the environment of bitter cold, heat, and after rainwater shower, peat easily runs off.
2. gardening vermiculite, inorganic mineral, is rich in the mineral nutrient elements such as Mg, mainly, as additive, should mix use with acid organic substrate, can play the effect of fertilizer efficiency slowly-releasing, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, and under saturation water condition, unit weight is 330～450kg/m
3, being neutral extremely alkalescence, pH value is 7.0～9.0, and porosity reaches 95%, and the material of making is easily broken, unsuitable under pressure.
3. perlite, is expanded and forms through heat by grey volcanics, should be used as matrix auxiliary material, and under saturation water condition, unit weight is 0.03～0.16kg/m
3, porosity is about 93%, perlite to nutrient without receptivity, easily broken under weight.
4. float stone, volcano extrusive rock, material light weight, porous, should be used for matrix layer of displacement and loosing soil agent, and under saturation water condition, particle unit weight is 450kg/m
3, water-intake rate 50～60%, water retention capacity is poor.
5. cinder, the granular or Powdered residue after coal burning, under saturation water condition, unit weight is 500-1000kg/m
3, unit weight is larger, and pre-treatment cost is high.
6. build disintegrating slag, form with construction waste crushing, mainly as matrix auxiliary material, low price, feeding is easy, has higher ultimate compression strength, but the unit weight of material own is larger, water suction rate variance.
7. haydite, ceramic broken gained particle, contains certain mineral nutrient element, and under saturation water condition, unit weight is 600～1000kg/m
3, low price, have higher ultimate compression strength, but unit weight is larger, and water retention capacity is poor.
8. wood sawdust, wood-curing waste, fresh wood chip is containing a large amount of objectionable impuritiess, and C/N is high, with front needing stack retting to become thoroughly decomposed, air-dried volumetric specific gravity 350～500kg/m after compost
3, wet unit weight 700～850kg/m
3, use do not become thoroughly decomposed wood chip for plant hazard large.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and a kind of leca for light roof greening and preparation method thereof is provided, this leca Stability Analysis of Structures, unit weight are little, water-absorbent and lock fertilizer strong, making method step is simple, workable, and cost of manufacture is low.
Realizing the technical scheme that the object of the invention adopts is:
For a leca for light roof greening, this leca comprises the following raw material adding by weight percentage:
Described natural clay is laterite, loess, black earth or kaolinic one or two or more kinds mixed clay mixing with arbitrary proportion.
Described tensio-active agent is the mixed surfactant a kind of or that mix with the mass percent of K12:AES sodium salt=1:0.5～1:2 in K12 or AES sodium salt.
The present invention also provides a kind of making method of the leca for light roof greening, comprises the steps:
(1) raw materials pretreatment: choose natural clay, the natural clay that becomes piece is crushed to natural clay particle diameter below 20mm; Choose rhombspar, rhombspar is carried out to fragmentation and grind obtaining ground dolomite, grind the ground dolomite particle diameter obtaining more than 1200 orders;
(2) natural clay after fragmentation is mixed and stirred by the weight ratio of natural clay: water=100:35～100:45 with water obtain clay mud, after clay mud is stirred, leave standstill 10～12 hours;
(3) clay mud after leaving standstill is mixed by the weight ratio of clay mud: industrial ethanedioic acid=30:1～50:1 and stirred with industrial ethanedioic acid and obtains oxalic acid batch mixing;
(4) ground dolomite and the tensio-active agent by oxalic acid batch mixing, after grinding is by oxalic acid batch mixing: the weight ratio of ground dolomite: tensio-active agent=100:2:0.5～120:2:0.5 is mixed, and obtains rhombspar batch mixing after stirring;
(5) rhombspar batch mixing is placed in to Industrial Stoves, the temperature lower calcinations of 1000～1100 DEG C 60～90 minutes, obtains clay pottery piece;
(6) clay is made pottery piece is crushed to clay pottery piece and divides the leca collapsing for angular, and leca is of a size of 0.1～20mm, leca is screened to stepping with standard sieve, obtains the leca of different gears.
Described Industrial Stoves are tunnel resistor stove, vacuum oven, gas shield stove, ultra-high-temperature tube-type pusher furnace, W-Mo powder stoving oven, Sweet natural gas ceramic kiln or reduction furnace.
Step is carried out stepping according to the size of leca in (6), and stepping standard is: first grade, and 0.1～1mm; Second gear, 1～3mm; Third gear, 3～5mm; Fourth speed, 5～8mm; The 5th grade, 8～10mm; The 6th grade, 10～15mm; The 7th grade, 15～20mm.
As shown from the above technical solution, the leca for light roof greening provided by the invention, taking economical and practical and originate wide natural clay and rhombspar as raw material, taking the industrial ethanedioic acid that adds, tensio-active agent as combined foaming agent; While making leca, first natural clay is carried out to fragmentation, rhombspar is ground simultaneously, grinding becomes ground dolomite, subsequently the natural clay after fragmentation and water, industrial ethanedioic acid mixing and stirring are made to oxalic acid batch mixing, ground dolomite, tensio-active agent and oxalic acid batch mixing are mixed into rhombspar batch mixing, then the high-temperature calcination of rhombspar batch mixing is become to clay pottery piece, the piece of finally clay being made pottery is broken and screen stepping, obtains leca.
Compared with the existing technology, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Leca provided by the invention adopts natural clay as main raw material(s), contains the mineral nutrient elements such as the required Fe of plant, Mg, Zn in natural clay, and the leca making and soil nutrient structure are the most approaching, are conducive to plant-growth; Rhombspar, industrial ethanedioic acid, tensio-active agent three are used in conjunction with the effect that plays whipping agent, increase the porosity of leca, make leca be vesicular structure, and unit dry weight is 380～570kg/m
3, water-absorbent and lock fertilizer are strong, monomer volume water absorption rate 78.4%～91%, volume water absorption rate 91%～119% after piling up, can be microorganism simultaneously good growing environment is provided, be conducive to microorganism growth and form diversified biosystem, be applicable to the growth of root system of plant; This leca Stability Analysis of Structures, all has very strong crushing resistance under dry and saturation water infiltration condition, and ultimate compression strength is 0.40-0.69MPa, under any harsh physical environment, can keep its original structure.
Making method provided by the invention adopts high-temperature calcination to prepare leca, and the sick worm worm's ovum in clay is effectively eliminated in high-temperature calcination, suppresses plant pest; The leca of making is carried out to stepping according to the grain size of leca, facilitate the packaging of leca, the leca that can select according to the difference of plant root species form different gears when use, is conducive to root system of plant the moisture in growth medium and nutritive substance is absorbed to greatest extent.
Leca unit weight provided by the invention is little, and compressive property and water absorbing properties are good, and can recycle simultaneously vesicular structure and be not damaged, this leca can be in light roof greening big area using method; Its preparation methods steps is simple, workable, and preparation cost is low, and the material adding in preparation process is environment-protecting asepsis material, and can not produce hazardous and noxious substances, environmentally safe in production process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is done in detail and illustrated.
Embodiment 1:
Starting material natural clay adopts laterite, and one-tenth piece laterite is crushed to laterite particle diameter below 20mm, and rhombspar is carried out to fragmentation, subsequently broken rhombspar is ground and obtains the ground dolomite of particle diameter more than 1200 orders; Laterite after fragmentation is mixed and stirred by the weight ratio of laterite: water=100:40 with water and obtain clay mud, after clay mud is stirred, leave standstill 12 hours, the clay mud after leaving standstill is mixed and stirred obtaining oxalic acid batch mixing with industrial ethanedioic acid by the weight ratio of clay mud: industrial ethanedioic acid=40:1; Ground dolomite and tensio-active agent K12 by oxalic acid batch mixing, after grinding is by oxalic acid batch mixing: the weight ratio of ground dolomite: K12=110:2:0.5 is mixed, and obtains rhombspar batch mixing after stirring.
Rhombspar batch mixing is placed in to Sweet natural gas ceramic kiln, the temperature lower calcinations of 1000 DEG C 90 minutes, obtains clay pottery piece; The clay piece of making pottery is carried out to fragmentation, be crushed to clay pottery piece and divide the leca collapsing for angular, leca is of a size of 0.1～20mm, carry out leca to screen stepping with standard sieve, obtain the leca of different gears, stepping standard is: first grade, below 1mm; Second gear, 1～3mm; Third gear, 3～5mm; Fourth speed, 5～8mm; The 5th grade, 8～10mm; The 6th grade, 10～15mm; The 7th grade, 15～20mm.
The specific performance parameter of leca prepared by embodiment 1 is as follows:
A, color are brick-red
B, void content are 41.50-51.10%,
C, volume water absorption rate are 80.50-112.8%;
D, volume density are 400-570kg/m
3;
E, tap density are 320-550kg/m
3;
Ultimate compression strength when F, saturated aqueous and drying regime is 0.523～0.685MPa;
G, possesses the general character of stupalith;
H, thing are stable, nonpoisonous and tasteless, pollution-free mutually, and can be at saturated aqueous state and the undeformed physical strength of drying regime;
The long-term stability such as J, chemical property, meets the basic demand of China's material of construction;
Embodiment 2:
Starting material natural clay adopts kaolin, and one-tenth piece kaolin is crushed to kaolin particle diameter below 20mm, and rhombspar is carried out to fragmentation, subsequently broken rhombspar is ground and obtains the ground dolomite of particle diameter more than 1200 orders; Kaolin after fragmentation is mixed and stirred by the weight ratio of kaolin: water=100:45 with water and obtain clay mud, after clay mud is stirred, leave standstill 10 hours, the clay mud after leaving standstill is mixed and stirred obtaining oxalic acid batch mixing with industrial ethanedioic acid by the weight ratio of clay mud: industrial ethanedioic acid=30:1; Ground dolomite and surfactant A ES sodium salt by oxalic acid batch mixing, after grinding is by oxalic acid batch mixing: ground dolomite: the weight ratio of AES sodium salt=100:2:0.5 is mixed, obtains rhombspar batch mixing after stirring.
Rhombspar batch mixing is placed in to ultra-high-temperature tube-type pusher furnace (carbon tube furnace), the temperature lower calcinations of 1100 DEG C 70 minutes, obtains clay pottery piece; The clay piece of making pottery is carried out to fragmentation, be crushed to clay pottery piece and divide the leca collapsing for angular, leca is of a size of 0.1～20mm, carry out leca to screen stepping with standard sieve, obtain the leca of different gears, stepping standard is: first grade, below 1mm; Second gear, 1～3mm; Third gear, 3～5mm; Fourth speed, 5～8mm; The 5th grade, 8～10mm; The 6th grade, 10～15mm; The 7th grade, 15～20mm.
The specific performance parameter of leca prepared by embodiment 2 is as follows:
A, color are white
B, void content are 48.50-62.60%,
C, volume water absorption rate are 94.50-128.6%;
D, volume density are 380-450kg/m
3;
E, tap density are 300-450kg/m
3;
Ultimate compression strength when F, saturated aqueous and drying regime is 0.396～0.575MPa;
G, possesses the general character of stupalith;
H, thing are stable, nonpoisonous and tasteless, pollution-free mutually, and can be at saturated aqueous state and the undeformed physical strength of drying regime;
The long-term stability such as J, chemical property, meets the basic demand of China's material of construction;
Embodiment 3:
Starting material natural clay adopts loess, and one-tenth piece loess is crushed to loess particle diameter below 20mm, and rhombspar is carried out to fragmentation, subsequently broken rhombspar is ground and obtains the ground dolomite of particle diameter more than 1200 orders; Loess after fragmentation is mixed and stirred by the weight ratio of loess: water=100:35 with water and obtain clay mud, after clay mud is stirred, leave standstill 12 hours, the clay mud after leaving standstill is mixed and stirred obtaining oxalic acid batch mixing with industrial ethanedioic acid by the weight ratio of clay mud: industrial ethanedioic acid=45:1; Ground dolomite and surfactant A ES sodium salt by oxalic acid batch mixing, after grinding is by oxalic acid batch mixing: ground dolomite: the weight ratio of AES sodium salt=120:2:0.5 is mixed, obtains rhombspar batch mixing after stirring.
Rhombspar batch mixing is placed in to push-plate type tunnel resistor stove, the temperature lower calcinations of 1000 DEG C 80 minutes, obtains clay pottery piece; The clay piece of making pottery is carried out to fragmentation, be crushed to clay pottery piece and divide the leca collapsing for angular, leca is of a size of 0.1～20mm, carry out leca to screen stepping with standard sieve, obtain the leca of different gears, stepping standard is: first grade, below 1mm; Second gear, 1～3mm; Third gear, 3～5mm; Fourth speed, 5～8mm; The 5th grade, 8～10mm; The 6th grade, 10～15mm; The 7th grade, 15～20mm.
The specific performance parameter of leca prepared by embodiment 3 is as follows:
A, color are tawny
B, void content are 41.50-52.80%,
C, volume water absorption rate are 86.50-108.6%;
D, volume density are 400-500kg/m
3;
E, tap density are 320-500kg/m
3;
Ultimate compression strength when F, saturated aqueous and drying regime is 0.453～0.635MPa;
G, possesses the general character of stupalith;
H, thing are stable, nonpoisonous and tasteless, pollution-free mutually, and can be at saturated aqueous state and the undeformed physical strength of drying regime;
The long-term stability such as J, chemical property, meets the basic demand of China's material of construction;
When actual use, can select according to the Root morphology of planting plants the leca of suitable gear, the 6th grade is laid on the bottom of cultivation matrix for roof greening, the 7th grade is laid on the surface of cultivation matrix for roof greening, and first grade, second gear, third gear, fourth speed, the 5th grade are for laying in the middle of cultivation matrix; Wherein, the plant multiselect of axle root system with the leca of fourth speed and the 5th grade as growth medium, the plant multiselect of fibrous root system with first grade, second gear or third gear leca as growth medium.
Claims (6)
1. for a leca for light roof greening, it is characterized in that, this leca comprises the following raw material adding by weight percentage:
2. the leca for light roof greening according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described natural clay is laterite, loess, black earth or kaolinic one or two or more kinds mixed clay mixing with arbitrary proportion.
3. the leca for light roof greening according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described tensio-active agent is the mixed surfactant a kind of or that mix with the mass percent of K12:AES sodium salt=1:0.5～1:2 in K12 or AES sodium salt.
4. a making method for the leca for light roof greening claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) raw materials pretreatment: choose natural clay, the natural clay that becomes piece is crushed to natural clay particle diameter below 20mm; Choose rhombspar, rhombspar is carried out to fragmentation and grind obtaining ground dolomite, grind the ground dolomite particle diameter obtaining more than 1200 orders;
(2) natural clay after fragmentation is mixed and stirred by the weight ratio of natural clay: water=100:35～100:45 with water obtain clay mud, after clay mud is stirred, leave standstill 10～12 hours;
(3) clay mud after leaving standstill is mixed by the weight ratio of clay mud: industrial ethanedioic acid=30:1～50:1 and stirred with industrial ethanedioic acid and obtains oxalic acid batch mixing;
(4) ground dolomite and the tensio-active agent by oxalic acid batch mixing, after grinding is by oxalic acid batch mixing: the weight ratio of ground dolomite: tensio-active agent=100:2:0.5～120:2:0.5 is mixed, and obtains rhombspar batch mixing after stirring;
(5) rhombspar batch mixing is placed in to Industrial Stoves, the temperature lower calcinations of 1000～1100 DEG C 60～90 minutes, obtains clay pottery piece;
(6) clay is made pottery piece is crushed to clay pottery piece and divides the leca collapsing for angular, and leca is of a size of 0.1～20mm, leca is screened to stepping with standard sieve, obtains the leca of different gears.
5. the making method of the leca for light roof greening according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described Industrial Stoves are tunnel resistor stove, vacuum oven, gas shield stove, ultra-high-temperature tube-type pusher furnace, W-Mo powder stoving oven, natural gas ceramic kiln or reduction furnace.
6. the making method of the leca for light roof greening according to claim 4, is characterized in that: step is carried out stepping according to the size of leca in (6), and stepping standard is: first grade, and 0.1～1mm; Second gear, 1～3mm; Third gear, 3～5mm; Fourth speed, 5～8mm; The 5th grade, 8～10mm; The 6th grade, 10～15mm; The 7th grade, 15～20mm.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410409355.6A CN104193302B (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2014-08-20 | Be used for leca of light roof greening and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410409355.6A CN104193302B (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2014-08-20 | Be used for leca of light roof greening and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107286846A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-10-24 | 常州三伊化工有限公司 | A kind of glass-flake coating |
| CN108450284A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-08-28 | 北京首钢资源综合利用科技开发公司 | A kind of green plant brick aggregate instead of haydite |
| CN110885241A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-17 | 何钢 | Mullite-structure ceramic porous water storage material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114907137A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-16 | 浙江方远新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation process of ultralight ceramsite prepared by kiln dust regeneration |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107286846A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-10-24 | 常州三伊化工有限公司 | A kind of glass-flake coating |
| CN108450284A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-08-28 | 北京首钢资源综合利用科技开发公司 | A kind of green plant brick aggregate instead of haydite |
| CN110885241A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-17 | 何钢 | Mullite-structure ceramic porous water storage material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114907137A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-16 | 浙江方远新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation process of ultralight ceramsite prepared by kiln dust regeneration |
| CN114907137B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2024-02-06 | 浙江方远新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation process of ultra-light ceramsite prepared by kiln dust regeneration |
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| CN104193302B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
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